Xiphidium Explained

Xiphidium is a genus of herbs in the family Haemodoraceae first described as a genus in 1775.^{[1] [2]} It is native to tropical Americas, from southern Mexico through the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America to Bolivia and central Brazil.

species

Two species are accepted.

• Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl. - Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco, Puebla, Yucatán), Central America (all 7 countries), West Indies, South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Pará, Maranhão, Amapá), Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia)
• Xiphidium pontederiiflorum – Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador

formerly placed here

• Schiekia orinocensis (as Xiphidium angustifolium)^[3]
• Cubanicula xanthorrhizos (as Xiphidium xanthorrhizon C.Wright ex Griseb.)^[4]

Phylogeny

Comparison of homologous DNA has increased the insight in the phylogenetic relationships between the genera in the Haemodoroideae subfamily. The following trees represent those insights.^[5]

Notes and References

1. Book: v.1 - Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Françoise : - Biodiversity Heritage Library. biodiversitylibrary.org. 1775 . v.1 .
2. http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40017004 Tropicos, Tribonanthes Endl.
3. Web site: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. kew.org.
4. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77213182-1 Cubanicula xanthorrhizos (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Hopper, J.E.Gut., E.J.Hickman, M.Pell. & Rhian J.Sm.
5. Stephen D.. Hopper. Rhian J.. Smith. Michael F.. Fay. John C.. Manning. Mark W.. Chase. 2009. Molecular phylogenetics of Haemodoraceae in the Greater Cape and Southwest Australian Floristic Regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 51. 1. 19–30. 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.015. 19063982. 2009MolPE..51...19H.