Xayar County Explained
| Xayar County |
| Native Name: |
|
| Other Name: | Shayar, Shaya |
| Settlement Type: | County |
| Pushpin Map: | Xinjiang#China |
| Pushpin Label Position: | right |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of the seat |
| Pushpin Relief: | 1 |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Autonomous region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Xinjiang |
| Subdivision Type2: | Prefecture |
| Subdivision Name2: | Aksu |
| Seat Type: | County seat |
| Seat: | Xayar Town (Shayar, Shaya) |
| Area Total Km2: | 31887.28 |
| Established Title: | Established date |
| Established Date: | 1902 |
| Demographics Type2: | Ethnic groups |
| Demographics2 Title1: | Major ethnic groups |
| Demographics2 Info1: | Uyghur[1] |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Density Urban Km2: | auto |
| Population Total: | 278,516 |
| Population Footnotes: | [2] |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 842200 |
| Timezone: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Ibox-Order: | ug, zh |
| Xayar County |
| W: | Sha¹-ya³ Hsien⁴ |
| P: | Shāyǎ Xiàn |
| Uig: | شايار ناھىيىسى |
| Uly: | Shayar Nahiyisi |
| Uyy: | Xayar Nah̡iyisii |
| Sgs: | Xayar Nahiyisi |
| Usy: | Шайар Наһийиси |
| Order: | st |
Xayar County,[3] [4] [5] [6] also Shayar County[7] [8] [9] or, from Mandarin Chinese, Shaya,[10] is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aqsu Prefecture. It contains an area of 31868km2. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 210,000.
History
In 1902, Xayar County was established.[11]
In March 1964, Tarim Farm (Chinese: 塔里木农场) was founded. In 1970, Tarim Farm was renamed Nong Yi Shi 15th Regiment (Chinese: 农一师十五团). In 1973, Nong Yi Shi 15th Regiment was renamed Third Laogai Detachment (Chinese: 第三劳改支队). As of 1982, the prison had a cotton processing factory. In 1985, Third Laogai Detachment was renamed Tarim Laogai Detachment (Chinese: 塔里木劳改支队). In 1994, Tarim Laogai Detachment was renamed Tarim Prison (Chinese: 塔里木监狱).[12]
On July 15, 1996, a prison rebellion in Xayar County led to the deaths of fifteen.[13]
In 1998, Tarim Prison was renamed Xayar Prison (Chinese: [[:zh:新疆维吾尔自治区沙雅监狱|沙雅监狱]]).[12]
In June 2008, Gezqum Township (Gaizikumu) was established. On December 30, 2008, the township's government started operation.
In 2011, Yantaqsheher Township (Yangtakexiehai'er) was established.
In 2012, Xadadong (Hadedun) was established. On February 25, 2013, the town's government started operation.
According to Radio Free Asia, in January 2014 after Uyghur residents were reportedly forced to bow to a flag of China before worshipping at Xaniqa mosque in Yengimehelle township, three Uyghur youths burned the flag. Raids on Uyghur homes searching for the youths continued into 2015. Authorities warned residents not to discuss the flagburning incident.[9]
On May 26, 2014, Gulbagh (Gulebage), then a township, was made a town.
In an Agence France-Presse report, between 2017 and 2019, three cemeteries in Xayar County were among dozens of Uyghur cemeteries destroyed in Xinjiang. The unearthed human bones from the cemeteries in Xayar County were discarded.[14] [8]
Administrative divisions
Xayar County included seven towns, four townships and four other areas:[15] [16] [17]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code | Notes |
|---|
| Towns |
| Xayar Town | Chinese: 沙雅镇 | | Uighur; Uyghur: شايار بازىرى | | 652924100 | |
| Toyboldi Town[18] | Chinese: 托依堡勒迪镇 | | Uighur; Uyghur: تويبولدى بازىرى | | 652924101 | formerly Toyboldi Township (Chinese: 托依堡勒迪乡) |
| Qizilbayraq Town | Chinese: 红旗镇 | | Uighur; Uyghur: قىزىلبايراق بازىرى | | 652924102 | formerly Toyboldi Township (Chinese: 红旗乡) |
| Chinese: 英买里镇 | | Uighur; Uyghur: يېڭىمەھەللە بازىرى | | 652924103 | formerly Yengimehelle Township (Chinese: 英买里乡) |
| Xadadong Town | Chinese: 哈德墩镇 | | Uighur; Uyghur: خادادۆڭ بازىرى | | 652924104 | |
| Gülbag Town | Chinese: 古勒巴格镇 | | Uighur; Uyghur: گۈلباغ بازىرى | | 652924105 | formerly Gülbag Township (Chinese: 古勒巴格乡) |
| Qaylor | Chinese: 海楼镇 | | Uighur; Uyghur: قايلور بازىرى | | 652924106 | formerly Qaylor Township (Chinese: 海楼乡) |
| Townships |
| Nurbagh Township | Chinese: 努尔巴格乡 | | Uighur; Uyghur: نۇرباغ يېزىسى | | 652924205 | |
| Tarim Township | Chinese: 塔里木乡 | | Uighur; Uyghur: تارىم يېزىسى | | 652924206 | |
| Gezqum Township | Chinese: 盖孜库木乡 | | Uighur; Uyghur: گەزقۇم يېزىسى | | 652924207 | |
| Yantaqsheher Township | Chinese: 央塔克协海尔乡 | | Uighur; Uyghur: يانتاقشەھەر يېزىسى | | 652924208 | |
|
Other areas: Xinken Farm (Chinese: 新垦农场), No. 2 Pasture (Chinese: 二牧场), Xayar Prison (Xinjiang Shaya Prison,[19] Chinese: [[:zh:新疆维吾尔自治区沙雅监狱|沙雅监狱]]), Xayar County Industrial Zone (Chinese: 沙雅县工业集中区).
Economy
Agriculture and animal husbandry are equally strong in the county. Agricultural products include wheat, corn and cotton as well as melons, yema (Chinese: {{linktext|野麻), walnut, velvet antler, muskrat, and licorice root. The county is the main location for Sanbei Sheep (Chinese: 三北羊) lambskin production. Industries include knitting, leather making, food processing and others.[20]
The seven major speciality products of the county include Tarim Huyang, cotton, red deer, dates, Karakul sheep, salt cedar, and sword-leaf dogbane.[16]
, there was about 45,900 acres (303,747 mu) of cultivated land in Xayar.[21]
Demographics
As of 2015, 230,129 of the 274,382 residents of the county were Uyghur, 41,463 were Han Chinese and 2,790 were from other ethnic groups.[22]
Most residents of Xayar are Muslim Uyghurs.[1]
As of 1999, 84.05% of the population of Xayar (Shaya) County was Uyghur and 14.6% of the population was Han Chinese.[23]
Transportation
Historical maps
Historical English-language maps including Xayar:
Notes and References
- Web site: A poplar destination: Xayar County. 11 November 2009. 27 April 2020. China Internet Information Center. Most Xayar residents are Muslim Uygurs, and they like to sit in the market on folding chairs, watching soap operas in the Uygur language on TV..
- http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- Web site: Pic story: oil workers at Shunbei oil-gas field in China's Xinjiang . 25 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200813134650/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/26/c_138425508_9.htm. dead. August 13, 2020. 26 September 2019. Xinhua News Agency. ZX. Oil workers have a morning meeting at Shunbei oil-gas field of China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec Group) in Xayar County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Sept. 25, 2019..
- Web site: Communist loyalty no shield for Uighurs from Chinese detention . 25 October 2019. 25 April 2020. . Uighurs work at a roadside in Xayar County east of the city of Aksu in Xinjiang last September. Ted Regencia.
- , United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- Book: 2016 . Complete Atlas Of The World . 3rd . Penguin Random House. 238. Xayar. Internet Archive.
- The official spelling is "Shayar" according to Book: zh:中国地名录 . Beijing . . 1997 . 7-5031-1718-4 . 313.
- Web site: China disturbs even the Uighur dead in 'development' of Xinjiang. 11 October 2019. 25 April 2020. The Japan Times. Eva Xiao. Pak Yiu. Some of the graves were cleared with little care — in Shayar County, journalists saw unearthed human bones left discarded at three sites..
- Web site: Police Conduct Raids in Xinjiang a Year After Flag Burning at Mosque . 16 April 2015. 26 April 2020. Radio Free Asia . . Roseanne Gerin . Shohret Hoshur.
- Web site: China dissident lawyer Gao Zhisheng 'in Xinjiang jail' . 2 January 2012 . 13 September 2020. BBC. Gao Zhiyi said he planned to visit his brother in the Shaya County jail in the western prefecture of Aksu later this month..
- Web site: 沙雅县史志办. 1 October 2011 . http://www.xjsy.gov.cn/nry.jsp?urltype=news.NewsContentUrl&wbnewsid=155871&wbtreeid=12 . zh:行政区划. zh-hans. https://web.archive.org/web/20150602141010/http://www.xjsy.gov.cn/nry.jsp?urltype=news.NewsContentUrl&wbnewsid=155871&wbtreeid=12 . 2 June 2015. 26 April 2020 . Internet Archive.
- Web site: 15 January 2019 . https://kknews.cc/zh-sg/history/6qr8nlm.html. zh:55年的滋养，塔里木农场的胡杨在沙雅监狱蓬勃向上 . zh-hans . 12 September 2020 . Tang Yaozeng 汤耀增.
- Book: J. Todd Reed . Diana Raschke . The ETIM: China's Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat . Praeger Publishing. 2010. 978-0-313-36540-9. On 15 July 1996, the "Eastern Turkistan Islamic Justice Party" engineered a prison rebellion in Xayar County, killing 15 people. 118. Google Books.
- Web site: Even in death, Uighurs feel long reach of Chinese state. 9 October 2019. 26 April 2020. . In just two years, dozens of cemeteries have been destroyed in the northwest region, according to an AFP investigation with satellite imagery analysts Earthrise Alliance.
Some of the graves were cleared with little care -- in Shayar county, AFP journalists saw unearthed human bones left discarded in three sites..
- Web site: http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/21119.html. zh:沙雅县历史沿革 . Xayar County Historical Development . XZQH.org . 30 January 2015 . zh-hans . 25 April 2019 . Chinese: 2010年第六次人口普查，沙雅县常住总人口257502人，其中：沙雅镇51806人，托依堡勒迪镇42227人，红旗镇31736人，英买力镇43151人，古勒巴格乡28795人，海楼乡23198人，努尔巴格乡10952人，塔里木乡6940人，盖孜库木乡8827人，新垦农场1684人，一牧场1849人，二牧场1528人，沙雅监狱4429人，沙雅县工业集中380人。2011年，设立央塔克协海尔乡。2012年，设立哈德墩镇（镇政府于2013年2月25日正式挂牌成立）。2014年5月26日，自治区政府（新政函[2014]80号）批复同意撤销古勒巴格乡，设立古勒巴格镇。至此，全县辖6个镇、5个乡。.
- Web site: zh:沙雅简介 . http://www.xjsy.gov.cn/zjsy/sygk/index.html . zh-hans. 25 April 2020. Chinese: 辖7镇4乡1管委会，169个村（社区），. Uighur; Uyghur: شايار Chinese: 沙雅县人民政府.
- Web site: zh:2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：沙雅县 . 2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Xayar County . http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/65/29/652924.html . zh-hans . . 2019 . 25 April 2019 . Chinese: 统计用区划代码 名称 652924100000 沙雅镇 652924101000 托依堡勒迪镇 652924102000 红旗镇 652924103000 英买力镇 652924104000 沙雅县哈德墩镇 652924105000 古勒巴格镇 652924106000 海楼镇 652924205000 努尔巴格乡 652924206000 塔里木乡 652924207000 盖孜库木乡 652924208000 央塔克协海尔乡 652924400000 新垦农场 652924402000 二牧场 652924403000 沙雅监狱 652924404000 沙雅县工业集中区|.
- Book: zh:地名中的新疆. zh-hans. 2003. 7-228-08004-1. Xie Yuzhong Chinese: 解玉忠. Ürümqi. 新疆人民出版社. 172. Chinese: 托依堡勒迪 Toyboldi
Chinese: 古勒巴格 Gülbag .
- Book: Cotton: The Fabric Full of Lies. Han Lianchao . . August 2019.
- Book: 夏征农. 陈至立. zh:辞海：第六版彩图本 . Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color) . September 2009. 上海. Shanghai. 上海辞书出版社. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House.. 9787532628599. zh. 1954.
- Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia. Herold J. Wiens. The Journal of Asian Studies. 26. 1. November 1966. 75. 10.2307/2051832 . 2051832. 162339064 . free.
- Web site: http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html . zh:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 . zh-hans. Uighur; Uyghur: شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى Chinese: 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局 Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region . 15 March 2017. 3 September 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171011101904/http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html . 11 October 2017 . live .
- Book: Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers. 2004. 0-295-98390-6. Morris Rossabi. University of Washington Press. 179.
