| Xamtanga | |
| Nativename: | ኃምታጛ |
| Pronunciation: | pronounced as /[ˈχamtaŋa]/ |
| States: | Ethiopia |
| Region: | North Amhara Region |
| Ethnicity: | Xamirs |
| Speakers: | L1 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Speakers2: | L2 11,000 |
| Speakers Label: | speakers |
| Familycolor: | Afro-Asiatic |
| Fam2: | Cushitic |
| Fam3: | Central |
| Fam4: | Eastern |
| Script: | Ge'ez script |
| Iso3: | xan |
| Glotto: | xamt1239 |
| Glottorefname: | Xamtanga |
| Notice: | IPA |
Xamtanga (also Agawinya, Khamtanga, Simt'anga, Xamir, Xamta) is a Central Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia by the Xamir people.
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
| Mid vowel | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| Low vowel | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
| Plosive/ Affricate | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
| pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||
| pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
| pronounced as /link/ | ||||||||||
| pronounced as /link/ | ||||||||||
| Lateral | pronounced as /link/ | |||||||||
| Tap | pronounced as /link/ | |||||||||
| Semivowel | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||||||
In positions other than word-initial, Xamtanga contrasts geminate and non-geminate consonants. With most consonants, the difference between a geminate and a non-geminate is simply one of length, but the cases of pronounced as //b t q// are more complex. When not word-initial, non-geminate pronounced as //b// is realized as a bilabial pronounced as /link/ or labiodental fricative pronounced as /link/, and pronounced as //t// and pronounced as //q// are realized as affricates: pronounced as /[tθ qχ]/. Their geminate equivalents may be realized as prolonged pronounced as /[bː tː qː]/, or can simply be short pronounced as /[b t q]/.
In word-initial position, geminate consonants do not occur, and /b t q/ are realized as plosives.