XRN1 (gene) explained
5′-3′ exoribonuclease 1 (Xrn1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRN1 gene. Xrn1 hydrolyses RNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction.[1] [2]
Function
This gene encodes a member of the 5′-3′ exonuclease family. The encoded protein may be involved in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation, and interacts directly with the enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 4. In addition to mRNA metabolism, a similar protein in yeast has been implicated in a variety of nuclear and cytoplasmic functions, including transcription, translation, homologous recombination, meiosis, telomere maintenance, and microtubule assembly. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteosarcoma, suggesting that the encoded protein may also play a role in bone formation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
See also
Further reading
- Bashkirov VI, Scherthan H, Solinger JA, Buerstedde JM, Heyer WD . A mouse cytoplasmic exoribonuclease (mXRN1p) with preference for G4 tetraplex substrates . The Journal of Cell Biology . 136 . 4 . 761–73 . February 1997 . 9049243 . 2132493 . 10.1083/jcb.136.4.761.
- Ingelfinger D, Arndt-Jovin DJ, Lührmann R, Achsel T . The human LSm1-7 proteins colocalize with the mRNA-degrading enzymes Dcp1/2 and Xrnl in distinct cytoplasmic foci . RNA . 8 . 12 . 1489–501 . December 2002 . 10.1017/S1355838202021726 . 12515382 . 1370355 . 11858/00-001M-0000-0012-F270-9 .
- Braun JE, Truffault V, Boland A, Huntzinger E, Chang CT, Haas G, Weichenrieder O, Coles M, Izaurralde E . A direct interaction between DCP1 and XRN1 couples mRNA decapping to 5' exonucleolytic degradation . Nature Structural & Molecular Biology . 19 . 12 . 1324–31 . December 2012 . 23142987 . 10.1038/nsmb.2413 . 1134057 .
- Li Y, Masaki T, Yamane D, McGivern DR, Lemon SM . Competing and noncompeting activities of miR-122 and the 5' exonuclease Xrn1 in regulation of hepatitis C virus replication . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 110 . 5 . 1881–6 . January 2013 . 23248316 . 3562843 . 10.1073/pnas.1213515110 . free .
- Li Y, Yamane D, Lemon SM . Dissecting the roles of the 5' exoribonucleases Xrn1 and Xrn2 in restricting hepatitis C virus replication . Journal of Virology . 89 . 9 . 4857–65 . May 2015 . 25673723 . 4403451 . 10.1128/JVI.03692-14 .
- Burgess HM, Mohr I . Cellular 5'-3' mRNA exonuclease Xrn1 controls double-stranded RNA accumulation and anti-viral responses . Cell Host & Microbe . 17 . 3 . 332–44 . March 2015 . 25766294 . 4826345 . 10.1016/j.chom.2015.02.003 .
- Ding M, Lin B, Li T, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhou X, Miao M, Gu J, Pan H, Yang F, Li T, Liu XY, Li R . A dual yet opposite growth-regulating function of miR-204 and its target XRN1 in prostate adenocarcinoma cells and neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer cells . Oncotarget . 6 . 10 . 7686–700 . April 2015 . 25797256 . 4480709 . 10.18632/oncotarget.3480 .
- Blasco-Moreno B, de Campos-Mata L, Böttcher R, García-Martínez J, Jungfleisch J, Nedialkova DD, Chattopadhyay S, Gas ME, Oliva B, Pérez-Ortín JE, Leidel SA, Choder M, Díez J . The exonuclease Xrn1 activates transcription and translation of mRNAs encoding membrane proteins . Nature Communications. 21 . 10 . 1298 . March 2019 . 30899024 . 6428865 . 10.1038/s41467-019-09199-6 . 2019NatCo..10.1298B .
Notes and References
- Mullen TE, Marzluff WF . Degradation of histone mRNA requires oligouridylation followed by decapping and simultaneous degradation of the mRNA both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' . Genes & Development . 22 . 1 . 50–65 . January 2008 . 18172165 . 2151014 . 10.1101/gad.1622708 .
- Web site: Entrez Gene: 5'-3' exoribonuclease 1 .
