| Unit Name: | XIX Corps |
| Dates: | 1862–1865 |
| Type: | Army Corps |
| Size: | Corps |
| Battles: | American Civil War |
| Notable Commanders: | Nathaniel P. Banks |
| Identification Symbol Label: | 1st Division |
| Identification Symbol 2 Label: | 2nd Division |
| Identification Symbol 3 Label: | 3rd Division |
XIX Corps was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. It spent most of its service in Louisiana and the Gulf, though several units fought in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley.
XIX Corps was created on December 14, 1862, and assigned to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, the commander of the Department of the Gulf. The corps comprised all Union troops then occupying Louisiana and east Texas. It originally consisted of four divisions, numbering 36,000 men.
In April 1863, the corps was involved in the actions at Fort Bisland and Irish Bend. It operated the Siege of Port Hudson from April 27 - July 9, 1863, the fall of which, along with that of Vicksburg, Mississippi, closed off the Mississippi River to Confederate shipping. XIX Corps also gained measure of distinction for being the first Federal unit to use a large number of colored troops in action, particularly against Port Hudson, with Banks giving them due credit for their valiant contributions to the siege.
| width=25% | Division | width=25% | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Division MG Christopher C. Augur | 1st Brigade Col Edward P. Chapin (k) Col Charles J. Paine |
Col Charles J. Paine Col Elijah D. Johnson Col Eben F. Stone Ltc Burton D. Deming (k) Cpt John Higgins | ||
| 2nd Brigade BG Godfrey Weitzel[1] Col Stephen Thomas[2] |
Col Robert B. Merritt Col Elisha B. Smith (mw) Cols Charles C. Nott, Ambrose Stevens, Charles Lewis Col Stephen Thomas | |||
| 3rd Brigade Col Nathan Dudley |
Ltc William W. Bullock Col Carlos P. Messer Maj George Keating | |||
| Artillery |
Col John A. Keith Lt John E. Morton
| |||
| 2nd Division BG Thomas W. Sherman (w) BG George L. Andrews BG Frank S. Nickerson BG William Dwight | 1st Brigade BG Neal S. Dow (w&c)[3] Col David S. Cowles (k) Col Thomas S. Clark |
Ltc Joseph Selden Col Thomas S. Clark Col John W. Kingman Col David S. Cowles Col Lewis Benedict | ||
| 2nd Brigade[4] Col Alpha B. Farr Col Lewis Benedict[5] |
Ltc Richard Fitz Gibbons Ltc Josiah A. Sawtell Ltc Joseph Stedman Col Lucius B. Marsh | |||
| 3rd Brigade BG Frank S. Nickerson |
Col Thomas W. Porter Col George Marston Atwood Col Ephriam W. Woodman Ltc Abel Smith Jr. (mw) Col Michael K. Bryan (k) Col Ira W. Ainsworth | |||
| Artillery |
| |||
| 3rd Division BG Halbert E. Paine (w) Col Hawkes Fearing | 1st Brigade Col Timothy Ingraham Col Samuel P. Ferris[6] |
Col Samuel P. Ferris
Col James Pike Col Clinton H. Sage | ||
| 2nd Brigade Col Hawkes Fearing |
Ltc Oliver W. Lull Col Leonard D. H. Currie Maj A. Power Gallway Col Sidney A. Bean | |||
| 3rd Brigade Col Oliver P. Gooding |
Ltc William S.B. Hopkins
Ltc William L. Rodman (k) Col John W. Kimball Col Jacob Sharpe | |||
| Artillery |
| |||
| 4th Division BG Cuvier Grover | 1st Brigade BG William Dwight Col Richard E. Holcomb (k) Col Joseph S. Morgan |
Ltc William O. Fiske Col Simon G. Jerrard Col Joseph S. Morgan Col Jacob Van Zandt Col Nicholas W. Day | ||
| 2nd Brigade Col William K. Kimball |
Col Samuel M. Mansfield Ltc Edward Ilsley | |||
| 3rd Brigade Col Henry W. Birge |
Cpt Apollos Comstock Ltc Mason C. Weld Col Nathan H. Hubbard Ltc Charles A. Burt | |||
| Artillery Cpt Henry W. Closson |
| |||
| United States Colored Troops | Corps D'Afrique BG Daniel Ullman |
| ||
| Native Guard |
| |||
| Cavalry | Grierson's Brigade Col Benjamin H. Grierson |
Col Reuben Loomis Col Edward Prince Maj Harai Robinson Ltc Augustus W. Corliss Maj James Magee
Maj Webster Moore |
In spring of 1864, the corps took part in Banks' disastrous Red River Campaign, under the command of William B. Franklin, who was wounded at Mansfield. After its conspicuous role in the failure, two divisions under William H. Emory were sent to Virginia to join Phillip Sheridan's operations in the Shenandoah Valley against Jubal Early (see Valley Campaigns of 1864). These troops took part in all of the major engagements of Sheridan's campaign, most notably at Opequon, where they lost some 2,000 men killed or wounded (mostly in Cuvier Grover's division).
After this, the corps was sent Savannah, Georgia, where it remained until the end of the war. The XIX Corps was officially disbanded on March 26, 1865, but the corps took part in the Grand Review in Washington, and some of its units remained in Savannah and Louisiana until 1866.