| XIII Commonwealth Games | |
| Size: | 250 |
| Host City: | Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Nations: | 27 |
| Athletes: | 1,660 |
| Events: | 161 events in 10 sports |
| Opening: | 24 July 1986 |
| Closing: | 2 August 1986 |
| Opened By: | Elizabeth II |
| Queens Baton: | Allan Wells |
| Stadium: | Meadowbank Stadium |
| Previous: | XII |
The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. This was the second Commonwealth Games to be held in Edinburgh. This event served as a qualifying event for the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul for the events that was contested at the Olympic Games. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa.
The Games were commemorated on the UK’s first-ever £2 circulating coin, which showed a Scottish thistle upon the St. Andrew’s saltire design on the reverse side of the coin.
Unlike the 1970 Games in Edinburgh, which were popular and successful, the 1986 Games are ill-famed for the wide political boycott connected with them and the resulting financial mismanagement.[1]
In addition to the boycott, further controversy arose when it was revealed that through this much-reduced participation and the resultant decline in anticipated broadcasting and sponsorship revenues, the Organising Committee was facing a big financial black hole. The boycott ended any prospect of securing emergency government assistance. Businessman Robert Maxwell stepped in to offer funding, taking over as chairman; but although he promised to invest £2m, his contribution was just £250,000. On a budget of £14m, the Games opened with a deficit of £3m, which later grew to £4.3m, and instead of putting enough money into the event to save it, the new chairman of the Games asked creditors to forgo half the payment due to them to keep the event out of liquidation. The debt was finally paid off in 1989, with the city of Edinburgh losing approximately £500,000.[2]
Several athletes were excluded because they breached the amateurism rules, most notably lawn bowlers Phil Skoglund from New Zealand and Willie Wood from Scotland, both of whom have competed in subsequent Games.
Due to the boycott only 27 teams from across the Commonwealth were represented at the 1986 Games.
| Participating Commonwealth countries and territories | |
|---|---|
| Debuting Commonwealth countries and territories | |
Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries (largely African, Asian and Caribbean states) boycotted the event because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa in preference to participating in the general sporting boycott of that country and the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Consequently, Edinburgh 1986 witnessed the lowest turnout since Auckland 1950.[3] Bermuda was a particularly late withdrawal, as its athletes had appeared in the opening ceremony and in the opening day of competition before the Bermuda Olympic Association decided to formally withdraw.[4]
The theme of the opening ceremony celebrated the "Spirit of Youth" and included 6500 Scottish schoolchildren taking part in a series of large Mass Games-style Gymnastics routines. The theme song "Spirit of Youth" was written by Gerard Kenny. The ceremony began on the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle from which hundreds of schoolchildren ran down the Royal Mile, through Holyrood Park to Meadowbank Stadium.[6]
See main article: Aquatics at the 1986 Commonwealth Games.
See main article: Athletics at the 1986 Commonwealth Games.
See main article: Badminton at the 1986 Commonwealth Games.
See main article: Lawn bowls at the 1986 Commonwealth Games.
See main article: Boxing at the 1986 Commonwealth Games.
| Light Flyweight | ||||
| Flyweight | ||||
| Bantamweight | ||||
| Featherweight | ||||
| Lightweight | ||||
| Light Welterweight | ||||
| Welterweight | ||||
| Light Middleweight | ||||
| Middleweight | ||||
| Light Heavyweight | ||||
| Heavyweight | ||||
| Super Heavyweight |
Track
| Men | |||||||
| Time Trial | 00:01:06 | 00:01:06 | 00:01:07 | ||||
| Sprint | |||||||
| Individual Pursuit | 00:04:44 | 00:04:51 | 00:04:54 | ||||
| Team Pursuit | Glenn Clarke Brett Dutton Bill Hardy Wayne McCarney Dean Woods | 00:04:27 | Gary Anderson Russell Clune Stephen Swart Andrew Whitford | 00:04:34 | Chris Boardman Gary Coltman Rob Muzio Jon Walshaw Guy Rowland | overtaken | |
| 10 Miles (16 Kilometres) Scratch | 00:19:41 | 00:19:41 | 00:19:41 | ||||
Road
| Men | |||||||
| Road Race | 04:08:50 | 04:08:50 | 04:08:50 | ||||
| Team Time Trial | 02:13:16 | 02:14:50 | 02:16:13 | ||||
See main article: Judo at the 1986 Commonwealth Games.
Pistol
| Men/Open | |||||||
| 50m Free Pistol | 551 | 549 | |||||
| 50m Free Pistol – Pairs | Tom Guinn Claude Beaulieu | 1099 | Paul Leatherdale Richard Wang | 1090 | Phil Adams Bengt Sandström | 1085 | |
| 25m Centre-Fire Pistol | 583 | 582 | 580 | ||||
| 25m Centre-Fire Pistol – Pairs | Phil Adams Rod Hack | 1165 | Bob Northover Michael Cutler | 1157 | Rex Hamilton Barry O'Neale | 1153 | |
| 25m Rapid-Fire Pistol | 591 | 588 | 585 | ||||
| 25m Rapid-Fire Pistol – Pairs | Brian Girling Terry Turner | 1169 | Pat Murray Jack Mast | 1152 | Mark Howkins André Chevrefils | 1150 | |
| 10m Air Pistol | 575 | 574 | 574 | ||||
| 10m Air Pistol – Pairs | Paul Leatherdale Ian Reid | 1143 | Phil Adams Bruce Favell | 1143 | Greg Yelavich Barrie Wickins | 1140 | |
Rifle
| Men/Open | |||||||
| 50m Rifle Prone | 599 | 598 | 597 | ||||
| 50m Rifle Prone – Pairs | Michael Ashcroft Gale Stewart | 1175 | Donald Brook Alan Smith | 1171 | Terry Wakefield Colin Harris | 1165 | |
| 50m Rifle Three Positions | 1170 | 1167 | 1150 | ||||
| 50m Rifle Three Positions – Pairs | Malcolm Cooper Sarah Cooper | 2278 | Jean-François Sénécal Michael Dion | 2276 | Alister Allan Bill MacNeill | 2241 | |
| Full Bore Rifle | 396 | 396 | 395 | ||||
| Full Bore Rifle – Pairs | Bill Baldwin Alain Marion | 583 | James Corbett Stan Golinski | 583 | David Calvert Martin Millar | 582 | |
| 10m Air Rifle | 588 | 583 | 582 | ||||
| 10m Air Rifle – Pairs | Guy Lorion Sharon Bowes | 1167 | Wolfgang Jobst Anton Wurfel | 1151 | Malcolm Cooper Robert Smith | 1146 | |
Shotgun
| Men/Open | |||||||
| Trap | 195 | 192 | 192 | ||||
| Trap – Pairs | Peter Boden Ian Peel | 185 | Tom Hewitt Eamon Furphy | 183 | Terry Rumbel Domingo Diaz | 183 | |
| Skeet | 196 | 195 | 195[19] | ||||
| Skeet – Pairs | Joe Neville Ken Harman | 195 | Brian Gabriel Don Kwasyncia | 193 | John Woolley Jeff Farrell | 189 | |
| Men | |||||||
| Flyweight – Overall | 212.5 | 185 | 177.5 | ||||
| Bantamweight – Overall | 245 | 217.5 | 215 | ||||
| Featherweight – Overall | 252.5 | 250 | 235 | ||||
| Lightweight – Overall | 315 | 307.5 | 290 | ||||
| Middleweight – Overall | 302.5 | 300 | 270 | ||||
| Light Heavyweight – Overall | 350 | 325 | 317.5 | ||||
| Middle Heavyweight – Overall | 350 | 342.5 | 340 | ||||
| Sub Heavyweight – Overall | 360 | 332.5 | 327.5 | ||||
| Heavyweight – Overall | 375 | 372.5 | 370 | ||||
| Super Heavyweight – Overall | 392.5 | 347.5 | 342.5 | ||||
| Men | ||||||
| Light Flyweight | ||||||
| Flyweight | ||||||
| Bantamweight | ||||||
| Featherweight | ||||||
| Lightweight | ||||||
| Welterweight | ||||||
| Middleweight | ||||||
| Light Heavyweight | ||||||
| Heavyweight | ||||||
| Super Heavyweight | ||||||
Australia
Bermuda
Botswana
Canada
Cayman Islands
Cook Islands
Fiji
Gibraltar
Lesotho
Malawi
Maldives
Malta
Norfolk Island
Singapore
Swaziland
Vanuatu