XAF1 explained

XIAP-associated factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XAF1 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP; MIM 300079) is a potent member of the IAP family. All members of this family possess baculoviral IAP (BIR) repeats, cysteine-rich domains of approximately 80 amino acids that bind and inhibit caspases (e.g., CASP3; MIM 600636). XIAP has 3 BIR domains and a C-terminal RING zinc finger that possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase (see MIM 601623) activity. XAF1 antagonizes the anticaspase activity of XIAP and may be important in mediating apoptosis resistance in cancer cells (Liston et al., 2001).[supplied by OMIM]

Interactions

XAF1 has been shown to interact with XIAP.

References

Further reading

• Fong WG, Liston P, Rajcan-Separovic E, St Jean M, Craig C, Korneluk RG . Expression and genetic analysis of XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) in cancer cell lines . Genomics . 70 . 1 . 113–22 . 2000 . 11087668 . 10.1006/geno.2000.6364 .
• Wistow G, Bernstein SL, Wyatt MK, Ray S, Behal A, Touchman JW, Bouffard G, Smith D, Peterson K . Expressed sequence tag analysis of human retina for the NEIBank Project: retbindin, an abundant, novel retinal cDNA and alternative splicing of other retina-preferred gene transcripts . Mol. Vis. . 8 . 196–204 . 2002 . 12107411 .
• Byun DS, Cho K, Ryu BK, Lee MG, Kang MJ, Kim HR, Chi SG . Hypermethylation of XIAP-associated factor 1, a putative tumor suppressor gene from the 17p13.2 locus, in human gastric adenocarcinomas . Cancer Res. . 63 . 21 . 7068–75 . 2003 . 14612497 .
• Ng KC, Campos EI, Martinka M, Li G . XAF1 expression is significantly reduced in human melanoma . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 123 . 6 . 1127–34 . 2004 . 15610524 . 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23467.x . free .
• Wang J, He H, Yu L, Xia HH, Lin MC, Gu Q, Li M, Zou B, An X, Jiang B, Kung HF, Wong BC . HSF1 down-regulates XAF1 through transcriptional regulation . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 5 . 2451–9 . 2006 . 16303760 . 10.1074/jbc.M505890200 . free .
• Yin W, Cheepala S, Clifford JL . Identification of a novel splice variant of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor 1 . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 339 . 4 . 1148–54 . 2006 . 16343440 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.128 .
• Fang X, Liu Z, Fan Y, Zheng C, Nilson S, Egevad L, Ekman P, Xu D . Switch to full-length of XAF1 mRNA expression in prostate cancer cells by the DNA methylation inhibitor . Int. J. Cancer . 118 . 10 . 2485–9 . 2006 . 16353137 . 10.1002/ijc.21636 . 43629966 . free .
• Gilli F, Marnetto F, Caldano M, Sala A, Malucchi S, Capobianco M, Bertolotto A . Biological markers of interferon-beta therapy: comparison among interferon-stimulated genes MxA, TRAIL and XAF-1 . Mult. Scler. . 12 . 1 . 47–57 . 2006 . 16459719 . 10.1191/135248506ms1245oa . 34530563 .
• Reu FJ, Bae SI, Cherkassky L, Leaman DW, Lindner D, Beaulieu N, MacLeod AR, Borden EC . Overcoming resistance to interferon-induced apoptosis of renal carcinoma and melanoma cells by DNA demethylation . J. Clin. Oncol. . 24 . 23 . 3771–9 . 2006 . 16801630 . 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.4074 . 10.1.1.1025.9291 .
• Lee MG, Huh JS, Chung SK, Lee JH, Byun DS, Ryu BK, Kang MJ, Chae KS, Lee SJ, Lee CH, Kim JI, Chang SG, Chi SG . Promoter CpG hypermethylation and downregulation of XAF1 expression in human urogenital malignancies: implication for attenuated p53 response to apoptotic stresses . Oncogene . 25 . 42 . 5807–22 . 2006 . 16909101 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1209867 . free .
• Zou B, Chim CS, Zeng H, Leung SY, Yang Y, Tu SP, Lin MC, Wang J, He H, Jiang SH, Sun YW, Yu LF, Yuen ST, Kung HF, Wong BC . Correlation between the single-site CpG methylation and expression silencing of the XAF1 gene in human gastric and colon cancers . Gastroenterology . 131 . 6 . 1835–43 . 2006 . 17087954 . 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.09.050 . free .
• Micali OC, Cheung HH, Plenchette S, Hurley SL, Liston P, LaCasse EC, Korneluk RG . Silencing of the XAF1 gene by promoter hypermethylation in cancer cells and reactivation to TRAIL-sensitization by IFN-beta . BMC Cancer . 7 . 52 . 2007 . 17376236 . 1845166 . 10.1186/1471-2407-7-52 . free .
• Kempkensteffen C, Hinz S, Schrader M, Christoph F, Magheli A, Krause H, Schostak M, Miller K, Weikert S . Gene expression and promoter methylation of the XIAP-associated Factor 1 in renal cell carcinomas: correlations with pathology and outcome . Cancer Lett. . 254 . 2 . 227–35 . 2007 . 17449173 . 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.03.006 .
• Shibata T, Mahotka C, Wethkamp N, Heikaus S, Gabbert HE, Ramp U . Disturbed expression of the apoptosis regulators XIAP, XAF1, and Smac/DIABLO in gastric adenocarcinomas . Diagn. Mol. Pathol. . 16 . 1 . 1–8 . 2007 . 17471152 . 10.1097/01.pdm.0000213471.92925.51 . 43822747 .
• Chung SK, Lee MG, Ryu BK, Lee JH, Han J, Byun DS, Chae KS, Lee KY, Jang JY, Kim HJ, Chi SG . Frequent alteration of XAF1 in human colorectal cancers: implication for tumor cell resistance to apoptotic stresses . Gastroenterology . 132 . 7 . 2459–77 . 2007 . 17570219 . 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.04.024 . free .
• Arora V, Cheung HH, Plenchette S, Micali OC, Liston P, Korneluk RG . Degradation of survivin by the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-XAF1 complex . J. Biol. Chem. . 282 . 36 . 26202–9 . 2007 . 17613533 . 10.1074/jbc.M700776200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Leaman DW, Chawla-Sarkar M, Vyas K, Reheman M, Tamai K, Toji S, Borden EC . Identification of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor-1 as an interferon-stimulated gene that augments TRAIL Apo2L-induced apoptosis . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 32 . 28504–11 . Aug 2002 . 12029096 . 10.1074/jbc.M204851200 . free .
2. Liston P, Fong WG, Kelly NL, Toji S, Miyazaki T, Conte D, Tamai K, Craig CG, McBurney MW, Korneluk RG . Identification of XAF1 as an antagonist of XIAP anti-Caspase activity . Nat. Cell Biol. . 3 . 2 . 128–33 . Feb 2001 . 11175744 . 10.1038/35055027 . 19731886 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: XAF1 XIAP associated factor-1.