Wyndham New Yorker Hotel Explained

Hotel Name:	The New Yorker, A Wyndham Hotel
Location:	481 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10001 United States
Mapframe-Wikidata:	yes
Coordinates:	40.7528°N -73.9936°W
Opening Date:	January 2, 1930 (original hotel) June 1, 1994 (current hotel)
Closing Date:	April 19, 1972 (original hotel)
Developer:	Mack Kanner
Architect:	Sugarman and Berger
Operator:	Wyndham Hotels & Resorts
Owner:	Unification Church of the United States
Number Of Restaurants:	2 (originally 5)
Number Of Rooms:	1,083 (originally 2,500)
Number Of Suites:	64
Floors:	42 (22 for hotel)

The New Yorker Hotel is a mixed-use hotel building at 481 Eighth Avenue in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1930, the New Yorker Hotel was designed by Sugarman and Berger in the Art Deco style and is 42 stories high, with four basement stories. The hotel building is owned by the Unification Church, which rents out the lower stories as offices and dormitories. The upper stories comprise The New Yorker, A Wyndham Hotel, which has 1,083 guestrooms and is operated by Wyndham Hotels & Resorts. The 1e6ft2 building also contains two restaurants and approximately 33000square feet of conference space.

The facade is largely made of brick and terracotta, with Indiana limestone on the lower stories. There are setbacks to comply with the 1916 Zoning Resolution, as well as a large sign with the hotel's name. The hotel contains a power plant and boiler room on its fourth basement, which was an early example of a cogeneration plant. The public rooms on the lower stories included a Manufacturers Trust bank branch, a double-height lobby, and multiple ballrooms and restaurants. Originally, the hotel had 2,503 guestrooms from the fourth story up. The modern-day hotel rooms start above the 19th story.

The New Yorker was built by Mack Kanner and was originally operated by Ralph Hitz, who died in 1940 and was succeeded by Frank L. Andrews. Hilton Hotels bought the hotel in 1954 and, after conducting extensive renovations, sold the hotel in 1956 to Massaglia Hotels. New York Towers Inc. acquired the New Yorker in 1959 but surrendered the property to Hilton in 1967 as part of a foreclosure proceeding. The hotel was closed in 1972 and sold to the French and Polyclinic Medical School and Health Center, which unsuccessfully attempted to develop a hospital there. The Unification Church purchased the building in 1976 and initially used it as a global headquarters. After the top stories of the building reopened as a hotel in 1994, the lower stories were used as offices and dormitories. The hotel rooms have undergone multiple renovations since the hotel reopened. The New Yorker joined the Ramada chain in 2000 and was transferred to the Wyndham brand in 2014.

Site

The Wyndham New Yorker Hotel is at 481 Eighth Avenue, occupying the western side of the avenue between 34th Street and 35th Street, in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City.^{[1] [2]} The land lot is rectangular and covers . It has a frontage of on Eighth Avenue to the west and on both 34th Street to the south and 35th Street to the north. Manhattan Center abuts the hotel to the west, while One Penn Plaza, Madison Square Garden, and Pennsylvania Station are to the southeast. Just prior to the New Yorker's development, the site was occupied by 17 buildings, owned by Frederick Brown and the Manufacturers Trust Company. When the New Yorker was built, a bank branch for Manufacturers Trust was constructed at its base.^[3]

Architecture

The New Yorker Hotel was designed by Sugarman and Berger and is 42 stories high. The New Yorker Hotel also has four basement levels.^{[4] [5]} Much like the contemporary Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building, the New Yorker was designed in the Art Deco style, which was popular in New York City in the 1920s and 1930s.

Form and facade

The New Yorker has a relatively plain facade. The first story of the hotel is clad with of Deer Island granite. The second through fourth stories are clad with Indiana Limestone.^{[6] [7]} The lowest stories are decorated with cast-stone blocks that contain floral designs. There are also some geometric designs on these stories. The hotel also contains marquees above its entrances on Eighth Avenue and 34th Street. Above each marquee is a LED sign that could change color during special occasions.^[8]

The fifth through 43rd stories are clad in face brick with some terracotta ornament. The facade mainly consists of vertical bays of windows, separated by vertical gray-brick piers. According to architect Robert A. M. Stern, the alternating bays and piers gave "an impression of boldly modeled masses. This was furthered by the deep-cut light courts, which produced a powerful play of light and shade that was enhanced by dramatic lighting at night".^[9] The building contains setbacks to comply with the 1916 Zoning Resolution. The setbacks, characterized by architectural writer Anthony W. Robins as "blocky", are ornamented with stone parapets that contain floral and rhombus patterns.

The western facade contains a sign with the name "New Yorker" in capital letters.^[10] The original sign was illuminated from 1941 to 1967. The sign was dark until 2005, when it was replaced with an LED sign^[11] manufactured by LED Solution of Kitchener, Ontario. The sign can be seen from northern New Jersey, across the Hudson River to the west. Each of the letters can be illuminated separately, allowing the sign to display various messages on special occasions such as celebrations.

Mechanical features

The hotel contained 23 elevators when it opened. Of these, 12 were passenger elevators, six were service elevators, and two were freight elevators. There was also one elevator from ground level to the subway station; one elevator from ground level to the ballroom; and one elevator within a bank branch in the building.

Power plant

The hotel contains a power plant and boiler room on its fourth basement, which could support the needs of 35,000 daily guests at the time of the hotel's opening.^[12] When the New Yorker opened, it was one of the few large buildings in New York City with its own power plant.^[13] The power plant included four uniflow steam engines and one diesel engine.^[14] One of the steam engines was rated at, while the others were rated at . Each of the engines drove a direct current generator. The power plant was operated from a switchboard measuring long and high. The switchboard contained manual pushbuttons; one button crushed coal that was blown into the furnaces, while another button deposited ashes.^[15]

When the hotel opened, the power plant contained more than 200 direct current motors, rated at a combined . The plant could generate up to, but the hotel only used on average. It was anticipated that the excess electricity would be sold to nearby buildings, but this did not happen. At the time, this was the largest private power plant in the United States,^[16] as well as an early example of a cogeneration plant. The power plant saved the hotel's operators an estimated $48,000 per year. In 2008, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers designated the New Yorker Hotel's direct current power plant as a Milestone in Electrical Engineering; at the time, the hotel was one of 75 worldwide recipients of that award.

The hotel's own direct current generators were still in use during the Northeast blackout of 1965.^[17] The hotel's power system had been modernized to alternating current by 1967. Due to increased energy costs, four cogeneration units were installed in the hotel in 2001, providing 50 percent of the hotel's electricity in the summer and 80 percent in the winter. The cogeneration plant has a total capacity of . The building also purchases electricity from New York City's power grid, operated by Consolidated Edison. The cogeneration plant reduced the hotel's reliance on the power grid, saving an estimated $400,000 annually by 2009.

Other utilities

The three largest motors in the original power plant were each capable of and supplied three of the hotel's four chillers (the fourth chiller was supplied by a steam engine). The ice plant was capable of making 400,000 blocks of ice per day.^[18] The modern-day hotel receives ice from a chiller plant in a neighboring building; the chillers produce ice at night, when energy costs are lower. The chiller plant replaced air conditioners that were installed within the windows of 2,000 rooms.

Steam exhaust from the original power plant was used for functions such as heating. All services that used heat, such as cooking equipment, laundry machines, lights, vacuum cleaners, refrigeration, and air conditioning units were supplied by steam from the power plant. A boiler plant was installed at the New Yorker in 1998, reducing the need to buy steam from the New York City steam system. The boiler plant, which cost $1.5 million to install, saved an average of $3 million annually by 2009. Following a renovation in 2009, the hotel was retrofitted with a four-pipe system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), allowing guests to set their own temperature settings.

Most of the building's modern-day hot water supply comes from the cogeneration plant. The building contains a storage tank with a capacity of . Water from the tank is transferred into the cogeneration units. There are water tanks on the 25th, 35th, and 44th stories. Sewage is pumped from the basements to the New York City sewage system, and a sump pump supplies soapy warm water to the hotel's restaurants.

Interior

The New Yorker spans .^[19] The original hotel contained public rooms on its first through fourth stories, as well as guestrooms from the fourth story to the roof. Lajos "Louis" Jambor had painted 26 murals for the hotel's interior,^[20] which cost a total of $150,000 . The public rooms, originally decorated in the Art Deco style, were redecorated in various styles over the years. Many of Jambor's murals were covered up during the mid-20th century. When the New Yorker reopened as a commercial hotel in 1994, its guestrooms were concentrated on the upper stories, while the lower stories remained in use as offices. The building also contains two restaurants and approximately of conference space.

The hotel has four basement levels. The first basement contained the kitchen, which had a dishwashing room; divisions for fish, meat, and poultry; an ice cream room; and a pastry room. On the second basement level were a linen room and valet shop, while on the third basement was the laundry room. The lowest of the hotel's basements contained the power plant.

Bank branch

There was a Manufacturers Trust bank branch on the first basement and second floor, designed by Sugarman and Berger. The branch's main entrance was a carved bronze door leading to a lobby, where stairs led up to the second floor and down to the basement. The stairs to the second floor were made of red and black marble and were decorated with a pair of murals by Jambor, which symbolized industry and commerce. The banking room itself had a terrazzo floor and marble walls and columns, as well as large windows on 34th Street. The room contained glass tellers' desks made of bronze and glass, and there was a department for the bank's officers on the eastern wall. The banking room was surrounded by a mezzanine on three sides. The soffit under the mezzanine was made of wood, and there were various pieces of marble furniture. The second floor also contained a women's lounge and service rooms for the bank.

From the ground-floor lobby, a terrazzo stair with an iron railing led to the safe-deposit department in the basement. The entrance to the safe-deposit department was through a wrought-iron grille with the bank's initials. The space itself contained coupon desks and a private conference room, all with wood paneling. The bank branch was closed during the 1980s and was abandoned for several decades. By 2017, the old safe-deposit department had been converted into the Butcher and Banker restaurant. The restaurant retained many of the bank's original design features, such as the vault door and safe-deposit drawers.

Public rooms

The first basement contained a tunnel linking to the original Pennsylvania Station as well as to 34th Street–Penn Station on the New York City Subway's Eighth Avenue Line .^[21] Through Penn Station, this tunnel also connected to 34th Street–Penn Station on the New York City Subway's Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line . This tunnel opened in February 1930 but was closed by the 1960s;^[22] it was being used as a storage area by the 2000s.^[23] The Coffee House cafe and the 250-seat Mosaic Room ballroom were constructed in the basement in 1955. The cafe and ballroom were connected to the lobby via a pair of escalators.^[24] After the hotel reopened, the basement had a self-service laundry and fitness center.^[25] In the early 2010s, the basement laundry room was converted to meeting spaces, each covering .

The main entrance on Eighth Avenue leads to a double-story lobby. It originally had green-marble paneling; some of Jambor's murals, depicting scenes from New York City's history, were placed on the lobby's north and south walls and on the ceiling. The lobby was redesigned in 1953 with glass screens and wooden paneling,^[26] as well as classical details like Corinthian columns and chandeliers. During a 2009 renovation, designers restored the marble floor, installed a chandelier suspended from the coffered ceiling, and added new check-in and concierge desks. In addition, storefronts within the lobby were removed to make way for entrances to the Tick Tock Diner and Cooper's Tavern restaurants.

A mezzanine overlooked the lobby. On the mezzanine level was a double-height main ballroom with walnut paneling and more murals by Jambor on each wall. The main ballroom also contained a projection room at its rear. Also at mezzanine level was a terrace ballroom with space for 300 people; it had tapestries on its walls. When the hotel reopened in the 1990s, the two ballrooms on the mezzanine (now the second floor) were restored, and seven meeting rooms were constructed on the third floor. In the mid-2000s, an exhibit with 500 artifacts from the hotel's history was installed on the mezzanine. Joseph Kinney, the hotel's chief engineer and unofficial archivist, collected the artifacts.^[27]

There were ten private dining "salons" and five restaurants employing 35 master cooks.^[28] The dining salons could fit between 15 and 200 people each. The restaurants included the main restaurant; a "terrace restaurant", featuring live events and entertainment; a men's grill room called the Manhattan Room; a tea room; and a cafe. The terrace restaurant abutted an outdoor "summer terrace" with a retractable ice rink.^[29] The terrace restaurant hosted both ice shows and Big Bands.^[30] The ice shows were discontinued in 1946 because of the expense of replacing the ice rink and because of the American Guild of Variety Artists' support for removing the ice shows,^[31] although they resumed in 1948 due to high demand.^[32] The Terrace Room's shows were discontinued permanently in 1950 after the federal government imposed a 20 percent excise tax on such shows.^[33] By 1999, the Terrace Room operated as a television studio for TV channel MSG. The fourth story was supposed to contain an in-house medical department with four operating rooms, as well as a beauty parlor and a women's parlor.

Guest rooms

Originally, the hotel had 2,503 guestrooms. The fourth story contained some public rooms and some guestrooms. The hotel was almost entirely composed of guestrooms from the fifth story up. At the time of the hotel's opening, each guestroom had a radio set that could be tuned to one of four channels;^[34] according to the hotel's managers, this made the New Yorker the first large hotel in the world with "a central system of radio with a radio receiving set in every room".^[35] Approximately 50 suites on the upper stories had private terraces. During the mid-20th century, the guestrooms on the fifth through eighth stories typically hosted trade-show exhibits throughout the year.^[36]

When the hotel reopened in 1994, it had 250 guestrooms, which by 1999 had been expanded to 1,005 guestrooms. These included 35 mini-suites, which overlooked the Hudson River and Lower Manhattan, as well as four deluxe suites, which had balconies. Following a renovation in the late 2000s, the hotel had 912 rooms, arranged in 17 layouts. During that renovation, the guestrooms were largely redesigned in the Art Deco style, with geometric carpets, star-shaped ceiling lights, and curtains. There are two rooms with terraces directly under the hotel's large "New Yorker" sign. In addition, Educational Housing Services operates 169 rooms on the 24th to 27th stories as part of a student dormitory.

History

The New Yorker Hotel was built by Mack Kanner,^[37] who had helped create the Garment District of Manhattan during the mid-1920s. Kanner had previously hired Sugarman and Berger to design the Navarre Building within the Garment District. Kanner wished to build a hotel on 34th Street, which he believed was "destined to be the most important crosstown thoroughfare in the city".^[38]

Construction

Kanner and Jacob S. Becker announced plans for a hotel at Eighth Avenue and 34th Street in February 1928, while they were developing the Navarre Building. The hotel was to have 38 stories rising, as well as five basements descending .^{[39] [40]} With 2,503 rooms, it would be larger than the nearby Hotel Pennsylvania, which at the time had the most rooms of any hotel in the city. The New Yorker would also be the second-tallest hotel in New York City, behind the Ritz Tower. The building was planned to cost $8 million.^[41] Workers began excavating the site the same month.^[42] The George J. Atwill Company, the excavation contractor, employed 350 workers in three shifts. Plans for the hotel were filed in March 1928, when Sugarman and Berger submitted blueprints to the New York City Department of Buildings.^[43]

The American Bridge Company was hired in June 1928 to manufacture the hotel's steel frame,^{[44] [45]} which was to include of steel. The site had been cleared by August 1928, after of rock had been removed from the site.^[46] The excavation cost $1 million and, according to the New York Herald Tribune, was "perhaps the deepest cut ever excavated in Manhattan". That September, the hotel received a $9.5 million mortgage loan from the Manufacturers Trust Company.^[47] At a ceremony on October 25, 1928, Kanner drove a golden rivet into the hotel's steel frame, where the superstructure had begun to rise above the foundation. By this point, the hotel was planned to contain 45 stories above ground.^[48] Seven hundred masonry workers and helpers began constructing the facade in January 1929. The hotel's construction was delayed for two weeks that February, when all masonry workers went on strike.^[49] The strike took place amid allegations that masonry contractor John J. Meehan had directed workers to install brickwork of substandard quality.^[50]

Kanner drove the last rivet into the hotel's steel frame in April 1929.^[51] Ralph Hitz was hired as the hotel's first manager that July.^[52] Hitz hired about fifty of his colleagues from Cincinnati, and he led a $500,000 advertising campaign for the hotel, which at the time was far removed from many of Midtown Manhattan's major attractions.^[53] Hitz also hired Bernie Cummins's orchestra to play at the hotel.^[54] The hotel's facade had been completed in September 1929. The hotel required massive amounts of materials, including 51,000 bedsheets, 85 miles of carpets, 45 tons of glass, and six carloads of china. The New Yorker ultimately cost $22.5 million and contained 2,500 rooms, making it the city's largest hotel.^[55] In addition, it was the world's second-largest hotel behind the Stevens Hotel in Chicago. The New Yorker was one of 37 hotels to be built in Manhattan during 1929,^[56] and it was one of two hotels near Penn Station with more than 1,000 rooms to be completed that year, the other being Hotel Governor Clinton.^[57]

Opening and early years

A pre-opening ceremony for the New Yorker was hosted on December 28, 1929, and the Manufacturers Trust bank branch at the hotel's base opened the next day. The hotel officially opened on January 2, 1930.^[58] Eight hundred guests made reservations on the first day, many of whom took home souvenirs, prompting Hitz to predict that "the total loss will exceed everything in the past history of hotel openings".^[59] Upon the hotel's completion, it employed 17 manicurists, 43 barbers, and numerous multilingual waiters. Nightly room rates ranged from $3.30 for a single-bedroom unit to $30 for a suite with a terrace.^[60] The New Yorker also employed 92 "telephone girls", as well as 95 switchboard operators and 150 laundry staff,^[61] who washed 450,000 pieces of linen per day.

Hitz operation

The hotel had been completed at the beginning of the Great Depression, so it was initially largely empty. The New York Observer said that, according to one urban legend, the hotel's management attracted business by turning on all the lights, announcing that the hotel was fully booked, and directing would-be guests to the Pennsylvania. In its first year of operation, the New Yorker recorded a profit of $1.293 million. Hitz added 12 suites of "sample rooms" in early 1931, where products and furnishings were exhibited.^[62] Hitz then decided to create the National Hotel Management Company, a national hotel chain managed by the New Yorker Hotel's staff.^[63] He acquired the Book Cadillac Hotel in Detroit as the first hotel in the chain in January 1932.^[64]

Hitz renewed his original five-year lease for 30 more years in 1933,^[65] and Frank L. Andrews was hired the next year as the hotel's general manager.^[66] When Andrews was promoted to a vice president of the National Hotel Management Company in 1936, George V. Riley became the hotel's resident manager, overseeing day-to-day operations.^[67] The Equitable Life Assurance Society gave the New Yorker Hotel a loan of $6.5 million in 1938,^[68] and Leo A. Molony of the Hotel Pennsylvania was hired as the New Yorker's resident manager the same year.^[69] Hitz continued to acquire hotels for his chain, which contained seven hotels when it was disbanded upon his death in January 1940.^[70]

Andrews operation

After Hitz died, Andrews became the New Yorker Corporation's president.^[71] The hotel had received three million total guests by 1941.^[72] The same year, the hotel's managers installed custom-made ultraviolet devices in the hotel's bathrooms,^[73] which it advertised under the name "Protecto-Ray". Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, the New York Observer said that "actors, celebrities, athletes, politicians, mobsters, the shady and the luminous—the entire Brooklyn Dodgers roster during the glory seasons—would stalk the bars and ballrooms, or romp upstairs".

In spite of its popularity, the New Yorker consistently lost money from the 1930s to the early 1950s.^[74] The Manufacturers Trust Company's president disclosed in early 1946 that it had taken over control of the hotel.^[75] The New Yorker's managers announced the same year that they would install television sets in some of the public rooms.^[76] The hotel's managers also installed TVs in 100 guestrooms in 1948,^[77] making it the second hotel in the city with guestroom TVs, after the Roosevelt.^[78] That year, the hotel spent $50,000 to combine eight double rooms into one luxury suite.^[79] Gene Voit was named as the New Yorker's general manager in 1951.^[80] Andrews announced in early 1953 that he planned to spend $600,000 on renovating the hotel, hiring Eleanor Le Maire to redesign the lobby.^[81]

Mid-20th century

Hilton purchase and renovations

Hilton Hotels agreed in November 1953 to acquire the New Yorker for $12.5 million,^[82] prompting Andrews to announce that he would retire from the New Yorker Hotel Corporation.^[83] Hilton Hotels took title to the hotel the following month^[84] and immediately started renovating the hotel, completing the first phase of the project in March 1954.^[85] A meditation chapel opened within the New Yorker that May.^[86] The chain allocated another $1.5 million to further renovations in June 1954,^[87] and it hired the Walter M. Ballard Corporation to convert the hotel's former Empire Tea Room into a restaurant for $175,000.^[88] Hilton Hotels refurbished the hotel's cafe and installed an escalator from the lobby to the cafe, the first escalator in a hotel in New York City. The chain planned to repaint all of the rooms, as well as renovate hallways and guestrooms on four stories so they could be used for trade exhibits.^[89] In addition, the chain planned to replace twin beds in 100 guest rooms, redecorate 45 luxury suites, and install air-conditioning in several public rooms.

Meanwhile, Hilton Hotels had purchased the Statler Hotels chain in 1954. At the time, it owned large hotels in many major cities, including the New Yorker, the Roosevelt, the Pennsylvania, the Plaza, and the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City.^[90] Consequently, the federal government filed an antitrust action against Hilton in April 1955.^[91] The New Yorker was making a profit by the end of 1955, At that point, Conrad Hilton was negotiating to sell the hotel,^[92] amid rumors that the chain was planning to sell multiple hotels to resolve the federal lawsuit.^[93] To resolve the suit, Hilton Hotels agreed to sell three hotels in February 1956, including either the Roosevelt or the New Yorker.^[94]

Subsequent ownership

Hilton sold the New Yorker in May 1956 to Massaglia Hotels for $20 million,^[95] despite the fact that the chain had already sold the Roosevelt.^[96] As partial payment for the New Yorker, Joseph Massaglia Jr. of Massaglia Hotels sold the Senator Hotel in Sacramento, California, to Hilton. Massaglia took over the hotel at the beginning of September 1956,^[97] paying an estimated $20 million. Charles W. Cole of Massaglia Hotels began managing the hotel, and Douglas Shaffer was appointed as the hotel's resident manager in July 1957.^[98] Massaglia then negotiated for a year and a half to sell the hotel to New York Towers Ltd., an investment syndicate led by Alexander Gross.

New York Towers ultimately bought the hotel in September 1959 with plans to spend $2 million on renovations.^[99] New York Towers renovated the main ballroom, lobby, and guestrooms, and it added air conditioning throughout the hotel. The New Yorker's managers announced these changes at a reception in September 1960.^{[100] [101]} The hotel experienced a large fire that November, which killed one person^[102] and damaged the sixth floor.^[103] The New York City Fire Department ordered seven stories to be closed after the fire, although these stories reopened within two days, after the hotel's owners had conducted emergency repairs.^[104] In anticipation of the opening of the nearby Madison Square Garden arena, New York Towers renovated the New Yorker's two main ballrooms, as well as several smaller public rooms. The hotel's operators predicted that the arena's opening would attract additional conventions to the hotel.^[105]

Gross's firm had fallen behind on mortgage payments by 1966, and the hotel went into receivership that April.^{[106] [107]} According to The Wall Street Journal, "other real estate industry sources" indicated that the hotel had lost $4 million since New York Towers bought it. The next month, the New Yorker's owners filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, claiming $21.5 million in debt,^[108] half of which came from seven mortgages.^[109] At an auction in December 1967, Hilton repurchased the New Yorker Hotel for $5.6 million.^{[110] [111]} Hilton's public relations director said the chain had reacquired the hotel because the surrounding neighborhood was "coming back to life" with the development of Madison Square Garden and nearby office buildings. Hilton began refurbishing the hotel yet again in June 1968, spending $5 million on the main ballroom and lobby.^[112] By the late 1960s and early 1970s, the hotel largely catered to guests in the garment industry, as well as businessmen who were attending trade shows there.^[113] The New Yorker had downsized to 2,000 rooms, but it was still one of New York City's largest hotels.

Closure and redevelopment attempts

Hospital plan

By December 1971, Hilton Hotels planned to sell the New Yorker for $13.5 million to the French and Polyclinic Medical School and Health Center, which planned to convert the building into a 749-room hospital. According to French and Polyclinic vice president Xavier Lividini, Hilton officials did not believe the area could support "too many hotels".^[114] The medical center ultimately agreed to buy the hotel for $8.8 million;^{[115] [116]} it made a down payment of $1.8 million and received a $7.1 million mortgage loan. In addition, it leased the underlying land from Hilton for 99 years, acquiring an option to purchase the land in the future^[117] Hilton closed the hotel on April 19, 1972.^[118] French and Polyclinic had wanted to begin converting the New Yorker immediately, with plans to open the hospital in 1974.^[119] At the time of the New Yorker's closure, the number of hotel rooms in New York City was declining, and the city had lost 3,800 rooms in 1972 alone, over half of which had been in the New Yorker.^[120]

French and Polyclinic added some living spaces and administrative offices for nurses and staff, as well as space for its postgraduate medical school. Before the medical center could fully convert the hotel into a hospital, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) had to approve the plans, and the New York State Housing Finance Agency (HFA) had to agree to a mortgage commitment for the project. NYSDOH did not approve the plans until eight months after the hotel closed. Afterward, the HFA twice rejected French and Polyclinic's application for a mortgage commitment, saying that the medical center did not have enough capital for the conversion. French and Polyclinic also spent around $210,000 per month on the hospital building, including $80,000 on a first mortgage, $75,000 on maintenance fees, and $60,000 in taxes. The medical center received a tax abatement for the hotel building in June 1973. French and Polyclinic filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy that July, allowing the medical center to defer payment of other debts and allocate funding for the New Yorker project.^[121] State assemblyman Andrew Stein said the medical center's bankruptcy was a direct result of its acquisition of the New Yorker.^[122]

The medical center's president, Stanley Salmen, resigned in late 1973 after controversies over the bankruptcy filing and the New Yorker's delayed renovation.^[123] To reduce its increasing losses, in September 1974, the medical center proposed converting the New Yorker into a homeless shelter for 500 families who had been displaced by emergencies.^[124] Manhattan Community Board 4, which represented the neighborhood, indicated that October that it needed additional time to consider plans for the shelter.^[125] French and Polyclinic unsuccessfully attempted to obtain private funding for the hospital from Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, and the city government rejected the shelter plan that November. The medical center continued to use the hotel as an office and dormitory but only occupied one-tenth of the building.^[126] French and Polyclinic officially abandoned its plans for the hospital at the end of November 1974.^[127] The cancellation of the hospital eventually forced French and Polyclinic to close completely in 1977.^[128]

Further redevelopment attempts

After French and Polyclinic abandoned its plans for the hospital, Hilton Hotels agreed to take back the hotel, which it did in February 1975. Hilton had no plans to reopen the hotel at the time.^{[129] [130]} The chain tried to sell the hotel but struggled to find a buyer. The New Yorker was one of three shuttered hostelries on Eighth Avenue in Midtown that were having trouble attracting buyers; the others were the Royal Manhattan Hotel and the 51st Street YWCA. By mid-1975, Hilton Hotels maintained a loss reserve of $5.5 million on the hotel.^[131] The New York Daily News reported in June 1975 that the New Yorker owed the second-most real-estate taxes of any building in New York City, with $1.8 million in back taxes.

A syndicate led by Irving Schatz had acquired a purchase option for the hotel by early 1976; at the time, the New Yorker's only occupant was a ground-level bank branch.^[132] Schatz planned to convert the building into 1,000 apartments. Hilton and Equitable Life allowed Schatz to extend his option, but he could not obtain financing from major savings banks because of the low occupancy rate of a nearby residential development, Manhattan Plaza.

Unification Church acquisition

The Unification Church, led by Sun Myung Moon, agreed to buy the hotel in May 1976. The church paid $5.6 million, a discount of more than $3 million from the price that French and Polyclinic had paid several years earlier.^[133] As part of the sale, Hilton Hotels agreed to pay $1.1 million in back taxes to the city.^[134] The church also acquired the neighboring Manhattan Center, which it had similarly bought at a deep discount.^[135] After acquiring the New Yorker Hotel, the Unification Church converted the hotel for use by its members,^[136] and it became the World Mission Center, the church's global headquarters.^[137] The Unification Church had about 1,500 full-time volunteers in the New York City area at the time; these volunteers would renovate the hotel themselves and use it as a dormitory. U.S. representative Bella Abzug criticized the fact that Moon planned to hire his adherents, rather than unionized laborers, for the renovations.^[138] By August 1976, there were 150 volunteers living on the hotel's 20th through 30th floors. According to the Unification Church, its volunteers had been placed in "the best rooms, where the best plumbing is".^[139]

The church requested in 1977 that the New York City Board of Estimate grant a tax exemption to the New Yorker,^[140] which had been valued at $11 million the prior year.^[141] The church stopped paying taxes in 1978, while its application for a tax exemption was pending. During the same time, the Board of Estimate had refused to give the Unification Church a tax exemption for three other properties, on the basis that it was not a true church.^[142] The New York Supreme Court affirmed the city's refusal to give a tax exemption for these buildings,^[143] but the New York Court of Appeals overturned the Supreme Court's decision in May 1982, ruling that the three properties did qualify for a tax exemption.^[144] Although the Appeals Court ruling did not specifically name the New Yorker Hotel, church officials insisted that the hotel was also tax-exempt. City officials disagreed and, in August 1982, initiated foreclosure proceedings on the hotel, which had $4.5 million in unpaid back taxes. At the time, church officials used the hotel as a dormitory and conducted services there.^[145] Ultimately, the New Yorker received an 83 percent property-tax exemption.^[146]

The New Yorker did not operate as a commercial hotel, as all of the guestrooms were reserved for church members.^[147] The hotel largely housed unmarried adherents of the Unification Church,^[148] but their numbers had dwindled after the church conducted a mass-marriage ceremony at Madison Square Garden in 1982. Consequently, the New Yorker was closed during the winter of 1982–1983 because the Unification Church could not pay its fuel costs. The church began renovating the hotel in 1987, evicting 1,200 members who lived there; Newsday reported that the church had not decided what it would do with the hotel.^[149] During the next decade, an increasing proportion of residents got married and moved away, and quality of life in the neighborhood improved. In addition, there was increasing demand for hotel rooms in New York City.^[150]

Reopening

1990s and early 2000s

In May 1994, the Unification Church decided to convert the New Yorker's top eight stories to 250 guestrooms, marketing them to business travelers visiting Javits Center, Penn Station, and Madison Square Garden. The church also redeveloped the ground-floor banking space, although the remaining stories continued to operate as offices and dormitories. The hotel was reopened in stages, and the first 178 rooms opened on June 1, 1994, operated by the New Yorker Hotel Management Company. The New Yorker contained 240 rooms by 1995.^[151] Barry Mann became the hotel's general manager. The hotel's clientele largely consisted of tourists from Asia, Europe, and South America, and between 60 and 80 percent of bookings came from wholesalers and travel brokers.

The hotel began a $30 million renovation in 1997. Within two years, the hotel had expanded to 860 rooms; the lowest stories included amenity areas, while the 7th through 17th floors were rented out as commercial office space.^[152] Also in 1999, nearly 400 workers in non-managerial positions joined a labor union^[153] after several workers complained about low wages and the presence of asbestos in the hotel.^[154] The New Yorker failed to attract business travelers as originally anticipated, so it joined the Ramada hotel chain in January 2000. Hotel management believed that the Ramada franchise agreement would raise revenues by up to 200 percent. The hotel was henceforth renamed the Ramada New Yorker. To further attract businesspeople, hotel management offered a promotion in which room prices were linked to the Dow Jones Industrial Average.^[155]

Tourism in New York City had stagnated by early 2001,^{[156] [157]} but business was even more negatively impacted by the September 11 attacks,^[158] which caused the hotel's profit margin to decrease from 25 to 5 percent.^[159] At the time of the attacks, the hotel had 1,100 rooms. The hotel's operators decided to convert the 17th floor back into offices, since the destruction of the World Trade Center had caused a shortage of office space in Manhattan; by early 2002, fifteen former tenants of the World Trade Center had relocated to the hotel. The Barbizon School of Modeling leased in 2002.^[160] Ten psychotherapists also rented offices on the 17th floor, and Educational Housing Services rented space for dormitories on the 24th through 27th floors in 2003.^[161] Kevin Smith, the president of the New Yorker Hotel Management Company, considered converting the guestrooms to condominiums but ultimately rejected the plan.

2000s renovations

Smith announced plans in 2004 to renovate the hotel in advance of a proposed expansion of the Javits Center and the redevelopment of the James A. Farley Building.^[162] Decreased cash flows after the September 11 attacks had prompted the managers to defer renovations, but tourism in New York City had begun to recover by then, and guests were being attracted to newer hotels.^[163] The project would cost $43 million and would include renovating the lobby and meeting rooms, adding a central HVAC system, and refurbishing the upper-story guestrooms. The lower stories would retain of office space and of dormitories, and the Tick Tock Diner and the La Vigna restaurant at ground level would be refurbished.

The first stage of the renovation took place in 2005, when the hotel's management replaced the large sign on the facade, which had not been lit since 1967.^{[164] [165]} A new LED sign was installed in advance of the hotel's 75th anniversary and was illuminated in December 2005. Smith announced in August 2007 that he would complete a further renovation of the hotel for $65 million.^[166] At the time, the hotel had 840 rooms. The renovation was designed by Stonehill & Taylor Architects.^[167] The project involved replacing guestroom furnishings; redesigning the lobby, entrance, and foyer; renovating the restaurant; replacing the individual air-conditioning in each room with a central HVAC system; and upgrading Wi-Fi and televisions.^[168] As part of the project, the marble floors in the lobby were restored, and a new sprinkler system was added.^[169] In addition, the Cooper's Tavern restaurant opened at ground level in 2007.^[170] The hotel also removed two thousand air-conditioning units from windows. During the renovation, a Fordham University student sued the Unification Church, alleging that her dormitory room (which was not part of the Ramada hotel) had an infestation of bedbugs.^[171]

The financial crisis of 2007–2008 caused a decrease in business, prompting the New Yorker to reduce its payroll by 25 percent during early 2009.^[172] The hotel's renovation was completed in February 2009 at a final cost of $70 million.^[173] Following the renovation, the New Yorker had 912 guestrooms, including 64 suites. Some of the commercial space on the lower stories was converted back to guestrooms, which spanned the 19th to 40th stories. In addition, the hotel expanded its meeting facilities to across two ballrooms and twelve conference rooms. The completion of the project coincided with a decrease in tourism due to the late-2000s financial crisis, prompting the hotel's managers to reduce room rates.^[174] To celebrate the hotel's 80th anniversary, in 2010, its managers offered discounted room rates to guests who were at least 80 years old.^[175] The Unification Church, which still owned the hotel building, began marketing of office space on five of the lower floors in 2011.

2010s modifications and Wyndham takeover

The Unification Church began renovating the New Yorker Hotel again in 2013 for $30 million. The church sought to attract business travelers in anticipation of the Hudson Yards and Manhattan West redevelopment projects and the 7 Subway Extension.^[176] To make the hotel more appealing to business travelers, the church installed laundry machines on each of the hotel's dormitory stories, freeing up space for meeting rooms within the former laundry room in the basement. After some of the office tenants' leases expired, the church converted some office space into additional rooms. The church planned to eventually expand the hotel to 1,500 rooms by converting of office space. The hotel added 114 rooms in January 2014, in advance of Super Bowl XLVIII.^[177]

The Wyndham Hotel Group, which operated both the midscale Ramada chain and the upscale Wyndham chain, rebranded the New Yorker as a Wyndham hotel that March.^{[178] [179]} At the time, the hotel had 1,083 rooms. After the New Yorker became part of the Wyndham chain, the hotel's operators planned to upgrade the hotel's signage with color-changing LEDs, similar to those on the Empire State Building three blocks east.^[180] Also in 2014, the Bar Below Kitchen & Cocktail Vault was announced for the hotel's basement.^[181] The Butcher and Banker steakhouse, developed by restaurateur Matt Abramcyk,^[182] opened within the former Manufacturers Trust bank branch in November 2017.^{[183] [184]}

In July 2023, M&T Bank began looking to sell the $106 million loan that it had placed on the New Yorker.^[185] Yellowstone Real Estate Investments bought the loan that September.^[186] The same month, the New York City Department of Finance publicized a deed transfer document indicating that a guest named Mickey Barreto had fraudulently attempted to transfer ownership of the hotel from his own company to himself in 2021, despite never having owned the hotel. Barreto had argued that a clause in the state's rent-regulation laws made him the hotel's owner, because he had claimed ownership of one room and because ownership of the hotel had not been subdivided;^[187] although the New York Supreme Court had invalidated Barreto's claim of ownership.^{[188] [189]} In February 2024, the New York County District Attorney's office charged Barreto with fraud after he repeatedly misrepresented himself as the hotel's owner;^[190] if Barretto is found guilty, he faces several years in prison.^[191]

Notable people

Staff

Hotel management pioneer Ralph Hitz was selected as its first manager, eventually becoming president of the National Hotel Management Company. An early ad for the building boasted that the hotel's "bell boys were 'as snappy-looking as West Pointers'" and "that it had a radio in every room with a choice of four stations". A New Yorker bellboy, Johnny Roventini, served as tobacco company Philip Morris's pitchman for twenty years, popularizing their "Call for Philip Morris" advertising campaign.^[192]

Guests

The New Yorker hosted the headquarters of Major League Baseball (MLB)'s National League in its early years, complementing the Commodore Hotel across midtown, which hosted MLB's American League.^[193] During the 1941 World Series, the hotel housed the Brooklyn Dodgers, who were competing against the New York Yankees. One advertisement for the hotel, in 1945, featured Federal Bureau of Investigation director J. Edgar Hoover. In May 1949, the hotel hosted the first concurrent annual meetings of the Amateur Hockey Association of the United States, the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association, and the International Ice Hockey Federation.^[194]

The hotel's guests included such figures as Spencer Tracy, Joan Crawford, and Fidel Castro.^[195] The actor Mickey Rooney frequented the first iteration of the hotel, and John F. Kennedy also stayed there while serving in the U.S. Senate. Muhammad Ali recuperated there after his March 1971 fight against Joe Frazier at the Garden. The New Yorker also hosted many popular Big Bands, such as Peggy Lee, Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman, and Tommy Dorsey.

The inventor Nikola Tesla lived in room 3327 at the hotel during the final years of his life. Tesla gave speeches to reporters every year on his birthday^[196] until he died there in 1943. By the 2000s, The New Yorker magazine wrote that Tesla's presence had attracted three kinds of guests, namely "electrical engineers and technology enthusiasts; people interested in U.F.O.s, anti-gravity airships, death-ray weapons, time travel, and telepathic pigeons; Serbs and Croats."^[197]

Impact

Critical reception

A reviewer for The Washington Post wrote in 1999 that the hotel was popular among large groups, saying: "If being close to the action is important to you, you won't be unhappy. If you want a good night's sleep . . . well, make sure you're not on a floor occupied by, say, a high school band."^[198] A reviewer for The New York Times praised their room in 2000 as "clean, reasonably sized, and with a lovely vintage tiled prewar bathroom", but criticized the lack of soundproof windows, the crowded lobby, and the gritty character of surrounding neighborhood.^[199] Similarly, an Ottawa Citizen reporter said: "True, the 40-floor art deco hotel has a somewhat dingy exterior, but the location (near Madison Square Garden, Penn Station and Macy's) and the views (maximized by having guest rooms from the 19th floor up) belie the first impression."^[200] By contrast, a writer for the National Post called the New Yorker "a nice but unglamorous hotel" in 2001.^[201] The New York Observer wrote in 2011, "There was nothing bespeaking the New Yorker's pre-Moonie swagger, save for maybe the piano against the wall, behind a superfluous red cordon."

After the New Yorker Hotel came under the Wyndham brand in 2014, it received mixed reviews. A reviewer for Oyster.com said, "The nice bright rooms, convenient location [...] and rich history make the 912-room Wyndham New Yorker a reasonable pick for the price", though they noted that the hotel's rooms were quite small.^[202] Similarly, the U.S. News & World Report said that many guests praised the Wyndham New Yorker's "comfortable accommodations" but criticized the hotel's small rooms and facility fees.^[203]

Replica

The New York-New York Hotel and Casino in Paradise, Nevada, contains a replica of the New Yorker Hotel,^{[204] [205]} which measures 38 stories tall. A portion of the New York-New York's interior was also designed to resemble the New Yorker Hotel's interior.

See also

• Art Deco architecture of New York City
• List of hotels in New York City

References

Sources

• Blalock . T. . Aug 2006 . Powering the New Yorker - a hotel's unique direct current (dc) system . 54 . 5 . 10–13 . 1540-7977 . IEEE Monitor.
• Blankinship . Steve . Jan 2009 . 80-Year-Old Solution Looks to the Future . 113 . 1 . 66–67 . . Power Engineering.
• Feb 1930 . Manufacturers Trust Opens New West Side Office: Safe Deposit Department . 120 . 2 . . . Bankers' Magazine.
• Book: Robins, Anthony W. . New York Art Deco: A Guide to Gotham's Jazz Age Architecture . State University of New York Press . 2017 . 978-1-4384-6396-4 . Excelsior Editions . 953576510.

External links

• • Official Chain website
• Educational Housing Services website

Notes and References

1. 276.
2. Web site: 481 8 Avenue, 10018 . March 25, 2021 . . November 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221127214209/https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/758/37 . live.
3. December 30, 1929 . Mfrs. Trust Opens West Side Unit Today . Women's Wear Daily . 39 . 127 . 12 . .
4. News: December 29, 1929 . Hotel New Yorker to Open Thursday . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128161312/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/12/29/archives/hotel-new-yorker-to-open-thursday-22500000-hostelry-viewed-by-500.html . live.
5. February 21, 1929 . Hotel and Restaurant News: Hotel New Yorker . Women's Wear Daily . 38 . 37 . 23 . .
6. News: September 29, 1929 . Finishing New Yorker; Expect to Open Huge Eighth Avenue Hotel in December. . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128180048/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/29/archives/finishing-new-yorker-expect-to-open-huge-eighth-avenue-hotel-in.html . live.
7. News: October 6, 1929 . Exterior Construction Completed on New Hotel . E1 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
8. News: Feiden . Douglas . March 24, 2014 . 'Grand Old Lady' Is Back . en-US . Wall Street Journal . November 29, 2022 . 0099-9660 . February 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217164628/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304679404579457784101690884 . live.
9. 204.
10. News: December 14, 2005 . Kitchener man helps restore New York sign . E1 . The Record . .
11. Web site: Langfield . Amy . December 11, 2008 . A Room Under the New Yorker Sign . December 1, 2022 . NBC New York . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201154458/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/local/a-room-under-the-new-yorker-hotel-sign/1856863/ . live.
12. Web site: October 14, 2008 . NY's largest on-site installation wins award . November 28, 2022 . Power Engineering International . en-US . June 23, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210623215449/https://www.powerengineeringint.com/decentralized-energy/cogeneration-chp/nys-largest-on-site-installation-wins-award/ . live.
13. News: March 5, 1929 . Cite Submeter Rise; Realty Men Say Only 11 of 40 Tall Buildings Have Power Plants. . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128170704/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/03/05/archives/cite-submeter-rise-realty-men-say-only-11-of-40-tall-buildings-have.html . live.
14. Web site: November 1, 2001 . Going Full Circle to Cogeneration: Manhattan's New Yorker Hotel returns to cogeneration system after more than 30 years . November 28, 2022 . Diesel Progress North American Edition . Free Online Library . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128170704/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Going+Full+Circle+to+Cogeneration%3A+Manhattan%27s+New+Yorker+Hotel...-a081147061 . live.
15. News: January 4, 1930 . Tallest Hotel in World Opens in New York: Far Cry From the Village Inn . 4 . The Christian Science Monitor . .
16. Blalock . Tom . January 2006 . none . Powering the New Yorker - a Hotel's Unique Direct Current (DC) System . IEEE Power and Energy Magazine . 4 . 1 . 70–76 . 10.1109/MPAE.2006.1578536 . 30740855 . 1558-4216 . December 2, 2022 . April 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230407002602/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1578536 . live.
17. Web site: Velsey, Kim . November 20, 2014 . Long Famous But Not Quite Fabulous: The New Yorker Hotel . December 3, 2014 . New York Observer . December 8, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141208010621/http://observer.com/2014/11/long-famous-but-not-quite-fabulous-the-new-yorker-hotel/ . live.
18. News: December 29, 1929 . Dinner for 400 Marks Opening Of New Yorker: Walker, Copeland and Lehman Praise Newest, Tallest, Biggest Hotel in City 2,509 Rooms and Baths Mayor Recalls Days of Old King Cole, Swinging Door . 18 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
19. Web site: June 24, 2011 . Caught Between the Moonies and New York City: The New Yorker Hotel's Office Idea . . October 30, 2016 . December 27, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161227064531/http://observer.com/2011/06/caught-between-the-moonies-and-new-york-city-the-new-yorker-hotels-office-idea/ . live.
20. Web site: August 7, 2008 . The New Yorker Hotel's Renovation Focused on Reclaiming its History; The 43-story Hotel Boasted Many Extremes When it Opened 79 Years Ago / August 2008 . December 1, 2022 . Hotel-Online . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201174142/https://www.hotel-online.com/News/PR2008_3rd/Aug08_NewYorker.html . live.
21. February 21, 1930 . Hotel New Yorker Tunnel To Penn. Station Opened . Women's Wear Daily . 40 . 37 . 19 . .
22. Web site: Young . Michelle . September 13, 2016 . The Top 10 Secrets of the New Yorker Hotel . November 28, 2022 . Untapped New York . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128170705/https://untappedcities.com/2016/09/13/the-top-10-secrets-of-the-new-yorker-hotel/ . live.
23. News: Boland . Ed Jr. . May 26, 2002 . F.Y.I. . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130193612/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/26/nyregion/fyi-194980.html . live.
24. Schneider . Ben . February 10, 1955 . Resorts Restaurants and Night Clubs: Hotels and Restaurants: Hotel New Yorker Opens Escalator . Women's Wear Daily . 90 . 29 . 39 . .
25. News: Adams . Marilyn . October 31, 2000 . Big Apple hotel rates don't have to bite Savvy business travelers can find rooms for $200 or less . B5 . USA Today . .
26. News: February 20, 1953 . New Yorker Hotel Plans Repairs Costing $600,000 . 36 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . .
27. News: Weiss . Laura B. . November 18, 2007 . Here at the New Yorker . en-US . The New York Times . December 1, 2022 . 0362-4331 . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201154506/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/18/nyregion/thecity/18new.html . live.
28. Web site: The New Yorker, A Wyndham Hotel . May 18, 2017 . July 23, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180723093234/https://www.newyorkerhotel.com/history/ . live.
29. Schneider . Ben . June 12, 1936 . The Night Club: New Yorker's Terrace Cool Summer Oasis: New Ubangi Show Opens Sunday . Women's Wear Daily . 52 . 117 . 16 . .
30. June 4, 1941 . Orchestras: Hotel New Yorker Wants to Resume Name Bands Pronto; Shortage Now . Variety . 242 . 13 . 25 . .
31. October 9, 1946 . Orchestras-Music: Hotel New Yorker Mulls Higher Band Brackets, Bringing MCA Into Picture . Variety . 164 . 5 . 65 . .
32. November 3, 1948 . Orchestras-Music: Hotel New Yorker Return to Iceries . Variety . 172 . 9 . 37 . .
33. News: Grutzner . Charles . April 13, 1950 . Dancing in Hotels Bows to 20% Tax; New Yorker Joins Many That Have Cut Entertainment as 'Free Spending Era' Dies . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129170443/https://www.nytimes.com/1950/04/13/archives/dancing-in-hotels-bows-to-20-tax-new-yorker-joins-many-that-have.html . live. none.

    News: Dougherty . Richard . April 30, 1950 . Taxes Silence Hotel Bands With Business Falling Off: One Plants Grass on Its Dance Floor. Symbolizing Decline in Show Business . C2 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .

34. News: December 1, 1929 . New Yorker to Install Radio in Every Room . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128180050/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/12/01/archives/new-yorker-to-install-radio-in-every-room.html . live.
35. May 19, 1945 . Television: Hotel New Yorker Surveys Post-War Guests' Tele Wants . The Billboard . 57 . 20 . 16 . .
36. News: January 16, 1955 . Hotel; Redecorated: The New Yorker Continues Rehabilitation Program . R1 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . .
37. News: Clark . Alfred E. . April 8, 1979 . Mack Kanner, 93, Major Builder Who Developed Garment Center . en-US . The New York Times . November 27, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221127214209/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/08/archives/mack-kanner-93-major-builder-who-developed-garment-center.html . live.
38. News: September 1, 1929 . Greater Activity for 34th Street; Westerly Blocks Destined to Be an Important Office Building Centre . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221126170550/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/01/archives/greater-activity-for-34th-street-westerly-blocks-destined-to-be-an.html . live.
39. News: February 16, 1928 . Hotel of 39 Stories to Rise in Midtown; Excavation Starts Today for $22,000,000 Project at 8th Av. and 34th St. . en-US . The New York Times . November 27, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221127203137/https://www.nytimes.com/1928/02/16/archives/hotel-of-39-stories-to-rise-in-midtown-excavation-starts-today-for.html . live.
40. News: February 16, 1928 . 60-Story Office, 38-Story Hotel Will Rise Here: Reynolds to Erect 700-Foot Skyscraper at 42d St. and Lexington Ave.; Hostelry at 34th St. and 8th Ave . 1 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
41. Book: Sexton, R.W. . American Apartment Houses, Hotels, and Apartment Hotels of Today . Architectural Book Publishing Company, Inc. . 1929 . New York, New York . 184–185.
42. News: August 19, 1929 . Manhattan's Deepest Hole Has Cost Million . D2 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
43. News: March 3, 1928 . Plans for the New Yorker, 38-Story 8th Av. Hotel, Filed . en-US . The New York Times . November 26, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221126170524/https://www.nytimes.com/1928/03/03/archives/plans-for-the-new-yorker-38story-8th-av-hotel-filed.html . live. none.

    News: March 3, 1928 . Robert M. Werblow Buys Residence in White Plains . 27 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .

44. News: June 28, 1928 . Hotel Steel Contract Awarded. . en-US . The New York Times . November 27, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221127203139/https://www.nytimes.com/1928/06/28/archives/hotel-steel-contract-awarded.html . live.
45. News: June 28, 1928 . American Bridge Gets 12,000-ton Hotel Order: Structural Steel Market Awaits Abraham & Strauss Requirements for New Department Store . 6 . Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . .
46. News: August 13, 1928 . Excavation Finished for Hotel New Yorker; 2,500,000 Cubic Feet of Rock Removed at 8th Avenue and 34th Street in Six Months. . en-US . The New York Times . November 27, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221127203148/https://www.nytimes.com/1928/08/13/archives/excavation-finished-for-hotel-new-yorker-2500000-cubic-feet-of-rock.html . live.
47. News: September 14, 1928 . Realty Financing; $9,500,000 Loan for Erection of Hotel New Yorker In Penn Zone. . en-US . The New York Times . November 27, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221127203147/https://www.nytimes.com/1928/09/14/archives/realty-financing-9500000-loan-for-erection-of-hotel-new-yorker-in.html . live. none.

    News: September 14, 1938 . $9,500,000 To Be Lent For Hotel New Yorker . 40 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .

48. News: October 26, 1928 . Gold Rivet in Frame Of City's Largest Hotel . 41 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . . none.

    News: October 26, 1928 . Realty Financing; Manhattan, Bronx and Westchester Loans Are Placed. Plan Fascist Colony in Suffolk. Stamford Parcel Resold. Puts Gold Rivet in New Hotel. Church Society Buys In Harlem. . en-US . The New York Times . November 27, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128002221/https://www.nytimes.com/1928/10/26/archives/realty-financing-manhattan-bronx-and-westchester-loans-are-placed.html . live.

49. News: February 12, 1929 . Masonry Work on Hotel Resumes After Walk-Out: Union Vague in Reasons for Halt on New Yorker . 5 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . . none.

    News: February 12, 1929 . Bricklayers Return to Hotel Job Today; Union Leaders End Dispute With Contractor on Construction of the New Yorker. . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128002219/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/02/12/archives/bricklayers-return-to-hotel-job-today-union-leaders-end-dispute.html . live.

50. News: February 11, 1929 . Will Seek to End Building Walkout; Union Heads to Hear Pleas of 400 Bricklayers to Return to Work Today . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128002219/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/02/11/archives/will-seek-to-end-building-walkout-union-heads-to-hear-pleas-of-400.html . live.
51. News: April 5, 1929 . Drives Last Rivet in New Hotel. . en-US . The New York Times . November 27, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128002221/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/04/05/archives/drives-last-rivet-in-new-hotel.html . live.
52. News: July 15, 1929 . Assumes New Hotel Management. . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128161309/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/07/15/archives/assumes-new-hotel-management.html . live. none.

    July 23, 1929 . Hotel And Restaurant News: New Yorker Manager Takes Office Today . Women's Wear Daily . 39 . 16 . 7 . .

53. News: January 13, 1940 . Ralph Hitz, 48, Of New Yorker Hotel, Is Dead: President of Management Company Began Career as Bus Boy on Broadway Head of Hotel New Yorker . 10 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
54. August 10, 1929 . Orchestra and Melody: Bernie Cummins Signed For Big New York Hotel . The Billboard . 41 . 32 . 26 . . none.

    July 31, 1929 . Hotel And Restaurant News: Bernie Cummins' Orchestra For Hotel New Yorker . Women's Wear Daily . 39 . 22 . 18 . .

55. News: September 1, 1929 . Greater Activity for 34th Street; Westerly Blocks Destined to Be an Important Office Building Centre . en-US . The New York Times . November 26, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221126170523/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/01/archives/greater-activity-for-34th-street-westerly-blocks-destined-to-be-an.html . live.
56. News: January 20, 1929 . Hotels Menaced by Oversupply; New Structures Opening Here This Year Will Add Several Thousand Rooms . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128180048/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/01/20/archives/hotels-menaced-by-oversupply-new-structures-opening-here-this-year.html . live.
57. News: October 13, 1929 . New Hotel Operations Reveal Modern Trend for High Buildings; Waldorf on New Site Wil Cover Entire City Block and the New Majestic May Rise to Forty-five Stories--Lexington Hotel Opens This Week. . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . July 25, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180725215120/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/10/13/archives/new-hotel-operations-reveal-modern-trend-for-high-buildings-waldorf.html . live.
58. News: January 3, 1930 . Hotel New Yorker Open; 800 Register in First Day and the Lobby Is Thronged. . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128180051/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/01/03/archives/hotel-new-yorker-open-800-register-in-first-day-and-the-lobby-is.html . live.
59. News: January 6, 1930 . Memento Hunters Throng New Hotel; "First Nighters" at New Yorker Took Silver, Coffee Pots and Even Lamps, Manager Says . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128232451/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/01/06/archives/memento-hunters-throng-new-hotel-first-nighters-at-new-yorker-took.html . live.
60. News: Gelder . Lawrence Van . December 2, 1971 . Hotel Here May Change To Hospital . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130005225/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/02/archives/hotel-here-may-change-to-hospital.html . live.
61. 'One Thousand New York Buildings, by Jorg Brockman and Bill Harris, page 257, Published by Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Inc., 2002
62. November 3, 1930 . Hotel New Yorker To Provide Sample Rooms . Women's Wear Daily . 41 . 88 . 7 . .
63. News: May 25, 1937 . Hitz Group Buys Hotel Montclair; Improvements Are Planned in 800-Room Structure on Lexington Avenue . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129154647/https://www.nytimes.com/1937/05/25/archives/hitz-group-buys-hotel-montclair-improvements-are-planned-in-800room.html . live.
64. News: January 3, 1932 . Gets Detroit Hotel as a New Chain Unit; Hitz of the New Yorker Takes Over Book-Cadillac . en-US . The New York Times . November 28, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128232452/https://www.nytimes.com/1932/01/03/archives/gets-detroit-hotel-as-a-new-chain-unit-hitz-of-the-new-yorker-takes.html . live. none.

    News: January 3, 1932 . Hotel New Yorker to Head National Chain of Units: Book-Cadillac in Detroit Acquired as First Sten of Plan . C1 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .

65. February 13, 1933 . Hitz Renews Contract To Manage Hotel New Yorker . Women's Wear Daily . 46 . 30 . 8 . .
66. News: May 10, 1966 . Frank L. Andrews Dead at 74; Ran New Yorker Hotel 20 Years . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129163637/https://www.nytimes.com/1966/05/10/archives/frank-l-andrews-dead-at-74-ran-new-yorker-hotel-20-years.html . live.
67. April 16, 1936 . G. V. Riley Joins Hotel New Yorker: Succeeds F. L. Andrews As Resident Manager — Latter Promoted . Women's Wear Daily . 52 . 76 . 28 . .
68. News: March 20, 1938 . Hotel New Yorker Gets $6,500,000 Loan; Ten-Year Mortgage at 4 1/2 % Given to New York Life Assurance Society . en-US . The New York Times . November 27, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221127185656/https://www.nytimes.com/1938/03/20/archives/hotel-new-yorker-gets-6500000-loan-tenyear-mortgage-at-4-12-given.html . live. none.

    News: March 22, 1938 . 6½ Million Loan Made On Hotel New Yorker . 37 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .

69. December 12, 1938 . Molony To Manage Hotel New Yorker . Women's Wear Daily . 57 . 114 . 19 . .
70. News: January 31, 1940 . Ends Hotel Management; National to Retire From Handling of the Seven Units . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129013453/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/01/31/archives/ends-hotel-management-national-to-retire-from-handling-of-the-seven.html . live.
71. News: January 16, 1946 . Andrews Heads New Yorker as Hitz Successor: Directors Elect Head of City Hotel Association; Executive Here 5 Years Heads Hotel New Yorker . 22A . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . . none.

    News: January 16, 1940 . Andrews Succeeds Hitz at New Yorker; Hotel's Manager Also Named to Board of Directors . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129013502/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/01/16/archives/andrews-succeeds-hitz-at-new-yorker-hotels-manager-also-named-to.html . live.

72. News: May 16, 1941 . Hails 3,000,000th Guest; Hotel New Yorker Is the Host to Visitor From Racine, Wis. . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129163638/https://www.nytimes.com/1941/05/16/archives/hails-3000000th-guest-hotel-new-yorker-is-the-host-to-visitor-from.html . live.
73. News: January 28, 1941 . News in the Advertising Field: Hotel New Yorker in $100,000 Drive . 26 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . . none.

    News: February 2, 1941 . Purifying Bathrooms: New Equipment is Installed in Hotel New Yorker . RE3 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . .

74. News: Morahan . John M. . October 2, 1955 . 'Sick' New Yorker Is Cured by Hilton: Anemic Since 'Birth,' Hold Comes Alive . A9 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
75. News: January 10, 1946 . Manufacturers Trust Controls Mid-City Hotel: Gibson Discloses Bank Owns New Yorker, Subject to $6,500,000 Mortgage . 28 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . . none.

    News: January 10, 1946 . 1945 Report Made by Manufacturers; Now 4th Largest Bank in New York, Gibson Says--Interest in Hotel Described Loan Demand Rising . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129001649/https://www.nytimes.com/1946/01/10/archives/1945-report-made-by-manufacturers-now-4th-largest-bank-in-new-york.html . live.

76. News: October 14, 1946 . Hotel New Yorker Plans To Install Television . 24 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
77. News: Gould . Jack . January 27, 1948 . The News of Radio; Petrillo Proposes Formula for Duplication of Commercially Sponsored Musicals . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129175106/https://www.nytimes.com/1948/01/27/archives/the-news-of-radio-petrillo-proposes-formula-for-duplication-of.html . live.
78. News: January 27, 1948 . Television Sets To Be Installed By New Yorker: Hotel Will Be Second With This Service; 100 Rooms to Get Receivers May 1 . 31 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
79. News: July 29, 1948 . $100 a Day Apartment; Luxury Suite That Cost $50,000 Available at New Yorker Hotel . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129163638/https://www.nytimes.com/1948/07/29/archives/100-a-day-apartment-luxury-suite-that-cost-50000-available-at-new.html . live.
80. News: January 15, 1951 . Hotel New Yorker Appoints . 7 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . . none.

    News: January 15, 1951 . To Be General Manager Of the New Yorker Hotel . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129154648/https://www.nytimes.com/1951/01/15/archives/to-be-general-manager-of-the-new-yorker-hotel.html . live.

81. February 24, 1953 . Hotel New Yorker Plans Remodelling . Women's Wear Daily . 86 . 37 . 55 . .
82. News: November 26, 1953 . Hilton Chain Acquiring New Yorker Hotel Here . en-US . The New York Times . November 26, 2022 . 0362-4331 . July 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220728072431/https://www.nytimes.com/1953/11/26/archives/hilton-chain-acquiring-new-yorker-hotel-here.html . live. none.

    News: December 1, 1953 . Hilton Chain Buys Hotel in New York City . 67 . Chicago Tribune . newspapers.com . November 29, 2022 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129175106/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113831666/hilton-chain-buys-hotel-in-new-york-city/ . live.

83. News: December 30, 1953 . New Yorker Manager Retires . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129175105/https://www.nytimes.com/1953/12/30/archives/new-yorker-manager-retires.html . live.
84. News: December 13, 1954 . New Yorker Hotel Acquired by Hilton . R1 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . .
85. News: March 25, 1954 . Hotel New Yorker Celebrates . 22 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
86. May 7, 1954 . Meditation Chapel Opens Sunday At Hotel New Yorker . Women's Wear . 88 . 89 . 40 . .
87. News: June 12, 1954 . Hotel to Spend On Rehabilitation . 18 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
88. News: June 25, 1954 . Hotel Lets Contract . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129175107/https://www.nytimes.com/1954/06/25/archives/hotel-lets-contract.html . live.
89. News: January 10, 1955 . Hotel New Yorker To Refurbish . 24 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
90. News: May 15, 1956 . Hilton, Obeying Decree, Sells Hotel New Yorker . 18 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
91. News: April 28, 1955 . U.S. Sues to Compel Hilton To Get Rid of Four Hotels; Government Acts Under Anti-Trust Law . 1 . The New York Times . November 14, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221114195153/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/04/28/archives/us-sues-to-compel-hilton-to-get-rid-of-four-hotels-government-acts.html . live.
92. News: December 9, 1955 . New Yorker Hotel for Sale . A3 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
93. News: December 30, 1955 . Hotel in St. Louis Sold to Sheraton; $7,500,000 Deal With Hilton Sparks Report of Possible New Yorker Sale . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129183455/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/12/30/archives/hotel-in-st-louis-sold-to-sheraton-7500000-deal-with-hilton-sparks.html . live.
94. News: February 7, 1956 . Hilton Agrees to Hotel Sale: Will Dispose of Three Under Federal Consent Decree . 8 . The Sun . . none.

    News: February 7, 1956 . Hilton Directed to Sell 2 Hotels; U.S. Ends Antitrust Suit-- Concern in Consent Decree . 1 . The New York Times . November 14, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221114195153/https://www.nytimes.com/1956/02/07/archives/hilton-directed-to-sell-2-hotels-us-ends-antitrust-suit-concern-in.html . live.

95. News: May 15, 1956 . New Yorker Hotel Is Sold by Hilton Group To Massaglia, Owner of chain of 11 Units . en-US . The New York Times . November 26, 2022 . 0362-4331 . August 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220821204820/https://www.nytimes.com/1956/05/15/archives/new-yorker-hotel-is-sold-by-hilton-group-to-massaglia-owner-of.html . live.
96. News: March 1, 1956 . Hilton Sells Roosevelt, Mayflower: Final Steps In Consent Decree . A3 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
97. News: May 16, 1956 . Owner Of Bond Purchases New Yorker Hotel . 1A . The Hartford Courant . .
98. News: July 12, 1957 . New Yorker Hotel Elects . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129183455/https://www.nytimes.com/1957/07/12/archives/new-yorker-hotel-elects.html . live.
99. News: Berck . Martin G. . September 27, 1959 . Hotel New Yorker Is Sold; $2 Million Renovation Set . 13 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
100. September 29, 1960 . Hotel New Yorker Unveils It's 'New Look' . Women's Wear . 101 . 62 . 40 . .
101. News: August 13, 1964 . 34th St. Building Being Remodeled; Nelson Tower at 7th Ave Is One of Several in Area . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129195556/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/08/13/archives/34th-st-building-being-remodeled-nelson-tower-at-7th-ave-is-one-of.html . live.
102. News: November 8, 1960 . Fire Fells Dozens in 34th St. Hotel; Smoky New Yorker Blaze Sends 12 to Hospital -- Heart Attack Kills One . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129193704/https://www.nytimes.com/1960/11/08/archives/fire-fells-dozens-in-34th-st-hotel-smoky-new-yorker-blaze-sends-12.html . live.
103. News: Fulbright . Newton H. . November 9, 1960 . Fire Dept. Closes 7 Floors of Hotel: 200 Rooms in New Yorker Shut After Inquiry Reports Hazards . 31 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
104. News: November 11, 1960 . New Yorker Floors Reopened . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129193704/https://www.nytimes.com/1960/11/11/archives/new-yorker-floors-reopened.html . live. none.

     News: November 11, 1960 . Fire Dept. Allows Hotel New Yorker To Reopen Floors . 15 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .

105. News: Hammer . Alexander R. . October 8, 1966 . Hotels in City Becoming Big Sports Fans; Madison Square Garden Stirring Bid for Business Hotels Around the New Garden Are Becoming Big Sports Fans . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130000747/https://www.nytimes.com/1966/10/08/archives/hotels-in-city-becoming-big-sports-fans-madison-square-garden.html . live.
106. News: Sloane . Leonard . April 19, 1966 . Receivers Running New Yorker Hotel . en-US . The New York Times . November 26, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221126170256/https://www.nytimes.com/1966/04/19/archives/receivers-running-new-yorker-hotel-receivers-named-for-large-hotel.html . live.
107. News: April 19, 1966 . Foreclosure Started, Court Receiver Named For Hotel New Yorker: Assignee of a $3,591,602 Third Mortgage Begins Legal Move Against Manhattan Property . 8 . Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . .
108. May 16, 1966 . Chapter XI Plea Filed By Hotel New Yorker . Women's Wear Daily . 112 . 96 . 7 . . none.

     News: May 14, 1966 . Large Hotel Takes a Bankruptcy Step . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129195556/https://www.nytimes.com/1966/05/14/archives/large-hotel-takes-a-bankruptcy-step.html . live.

109. News: Ennis . Thomas W. . May 17, 1966 . News of Realty: Depression Echo; Property, in Hands of Court Since 1930's, Sold Here Garden City Leasehold Sold Goldman-DiLorenzo Deal Warehouse Changes Hands Hotel's Indebtedness Printer Leases Building . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130005226/https://www.nytimes.com/1966/05/17/archives/news-of-realty-depression-echo-property-in-hands-of-court-since.html . live.
110. News: December 11, 1967 . Hilton Hotels Purchases Back New Yorker Hotel At Foreclosure Auction . 6 . Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . .
111. News: Fried . Joseph P. . December 9, 1967 . New Yorker Hotel Repurchased by Hilton Chain; Purchase Subject to Debts . en-US . The New York Times . November 26, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221126170255/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/12/09/archives/new-yorker-hotel-repurchased-by-hilton-chain-purchase-subject-to.html . live.
112. News: Horsley . Carter B. . September 28, 1968 . Hotels Indulging in New Decors for New Social Season . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130015205/https://www.nytimes.com/1968/09/28/archives/hotels-indulging-in-new-decors-for-new-social-season.html . live.
113. News: April 20, 1972 . Hotel New Yorker Bids Goodby After 42 Years . 5 . The Los Angeles Times . newspapers.com . November 30, 2022 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130005224/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113855361/hotel-new-yorker-bids-goodby-after-42/ . live.
114. News: December 2, 1971 . Hilton to Sell New Yorker for 749-Bed Hospital . 66 . The Buffalo News . newspapers.com . November 30, 2022 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130005225/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113855119/hilton-to-sell-new-yorker-for-749-bed/ . live.
115. News: Duggan . Dennis . May 13, 1976 . Moon Closing a Deal On Hotel New Yorker . 17 . Newsday . .
116. News: Horsley . Carter B. . May 23, 1976 . News of the Realty Trade . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130164219/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/23/archives/news-of-the-realty-trade-plans-for-new-yorker.html . live.
117. News: Barden . J. C. . September 25, 1973 . 2 Hospitals With a Bold Plan Find It Their Financial Ruin . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130151625/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/25/archives/2-hospitals-with-a-bold-plan-find-it-their-financialruin-two.html . live.
118. News: Bamberger . Werner . April 20, 1972 . New Yorker Hotel, Sold to Become a Hospital, Closes Doors After 42 Years . en-US . The New York Times . November 26, 2022 . 0362-4331 . July 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220728072431/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/20/archives/new-yorker-hotel-sold-to-become-a-hospital-closes-doors-after-42.html . live.
119. News: Barden . J. C. . June 25, 1973 . Hotel's Switch to Medical Center Lags . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130151624/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/06/25/archives/hotels-switch-to-medical-center-lags-plan-revised-no-confidence.html . live.
120. News: Connolly . William G. . December 17, 1972 . In Hotels, the Key is Occupancy, and It is Up a Little: Hotel Occupancy Up a Little . R1 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . .
121. News: Gupte . Pranay . July 11, 1973 . French Hospital Delays on Debts . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130151626/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/07/11/archives/french-hospital-delays-on-debts-it-files-under-chapter-xi-of-us.html . live.
122. News: Sherman . William . December 21, 1973 . Charges 8 Hospitals Wallow in a Red Sea . 175 . New York Daily News . .
123. News: Barden . J. C. . October 28, 1973 . Head of Hospital Quits in Dispute . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130151625/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/10/28/archives/head-of-hospital-quits-in-dispute-fundraising-angle-millions-are.html . live.
124. News: Barden . J. C. . September 13, 1974 . Hospital Offers Hotel as Housing . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130151625/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/09/13/archives/hospital-offers-hotel-as-housing-new-yorker-is-proposed-for-an.html . live.
125. News: October 3, 1974 . Ruling Delay Asked on a Shelter Plan . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130151624/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/03/archives/ruling-delay-asked-on-a-shelter-plan.html . live.
126. News: Seigel . Max H. . November 30, 1974 . Hospital Abandons Plans For Center in New Yorker . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130151624/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/11/30/archives/hospital-abandons-plans-for-center-in-new-yorker-hospital-in.html . live.
127. News: Wyatt . Hugh . November 30, 1974 . Doc: Fed Cuts Could Bleed City Hospitals . 5 . New York Daily News . .
128. News: Barden . James C. . March 5, 1977 . Bankruptcy Judge Orders Closing Of French and Polyclinic Center . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130172809/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/05/archives/bankruptcy-judge-orders-closing-of-french-and-polyclinic-center.html . live.
129. News: Maitland . Leslie . July 22, 1975 . Two Hotels and 'Y' Left In Backwater of 8th Ave. . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . January 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230114202751/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/07/22/archives/two-hotels-and-y-left-in-backwater-of-8th-ave.html . live.
130. News: Crane . Robert . June 26, 1975 . 42-Story Debt Pile . 231 . New York Daily News . .
131. August 20, 1975 . Personal Appearances: Hilton Hotel Hikes Its Reserve For Deficit On New Yorker Hotel Corp. . Variety . 280 . 2 . 60 . . none.

     News: August 15, 1975 . Hilton Boosts Reserve $2.8 Million for Loss On New Yorker Unit . 13 . Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . .

132. News: Oser . Alan S. . February 25, 1976 . About Real Estate: How a Ribbon Maker's Move Clears Way for Housing . 45 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . .
133. News: May 13, 1976 . New Yorker Hotel Is Sold to Church Of the Rev. Moon . en-US . The New York Times . November 26, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221126170255/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/13/archives/new-yorker-hotel-is-sold-to-church-of-the-rev-moon.html . live.
134. News: May 14, 1976 . New Yorker Hotel Is Sold by Hilton For Over $5 Million: Closed Building Is Bought by Unification Church; Firm Had Loss Reserve on It . 37 . Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . .
135. News: Kaiser . Charles . September 19, 1976 . Moon Sect Steadily Adds Properties To Its Domain . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130164220/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/19/archives/moon-sect-steadily-adds-properties-to-its-domain-moon-sect-adds-to.html . live.
136. Biermans, J. 1986, The Odyssey of New Religious Movements, Persecution, Struggle, Legitimation: A Case Study of the Unification Church Lewiston, New York and Queenston, Ontario: The Edwin Melton Press
137. News: December 3, 1976 . Moon Church Plans New York Daily . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129163636/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/03/archives/moon-church-plans-new-york-daily.html . live.
138. News: Blau . Eleanor . June 2, 1976 . Moon Rally Draws 25,000, Half of Stadium Capacity . en-US . The New York Times . December 1, 2022 . 0362-4331 . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201190011/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/02/archives/moon-rally-draws-25000-half-of-stadium-capacity.html . live.
139. News: Blau . Eleanor . August 24, 1976 . Follower of Rev. Moon Falls to Death . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130164219/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/08/24/archives/follower-of-rev-moon-falls-to-death.html . live.
140. News: April 14, 1977 . New York City Denies Moon's Church Exemptions on Real Estate Taxes . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130172808/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/14/archives/new-york-city-denies-moons-church-exemptions-on-real-estate-taxes.html . live.
141. News: Crittenden . Ann . June 2, 1976 . I.R.S. Studying Moon Sect's Tax Status . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130172807/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/02/archives/irs-studying-moon-sects-tax-status.html . live.
142. News: Daley . Suzanne . August 22, 1982 . Moon's Mission Center Faces Tax Foreclosure . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130172807/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/08/22/nyregion/moon-s-mission-center-faces-tax-foreclosure.html . live.
143. News: Molotsky . Irvin . June 26, 1981 . Sun Myung Moon Focus of Moon Immigration Inquiry . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130172808/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/26/us/sun-myung-moon-focus-of-moon-immigration-inquiry.html . live.
144. News: Duggan . Dennis . May 24, 1982 . Church Survival a Matter of Faith . 7 . Newsday . .
145. News: August 20, 1982 . N. Y. May Evict Unification Church . C8 . The Washington Post . 0190-8286 . .
146. News: Lambert . Bruce . September 18, 1994 . Neighborhood Report: 34th Street; Once a Hotel, Again a Hotel . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . March 23, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160323000614/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/18/nyregion/neighborhood-report-34th-street-once-a-hotel-again-a-hotel.html . live.
147. News: Shupe . Anson . November 1, 1989 . Sun Myung Moon's Mission in Retreat . 1 . Wall Street Journal . 0099-9660 . .
148. Melton . J. Gordon . December 16, 1983 . What's behind the Moonie mass marriages . 27 . 19 . 28 . . Christianity Today.
149. News: Fleming . Michael . Freifeld . Karen . Revson . James A. . May 12, 1987 . Inside New York . 6 . Newsday . .
150. Kanter . Larry . November 29, 1999 . New Yorker hotel resorts to franchise . Crain's New York Business . 15 . 48 . 3 . .
151. News: Deutsch . Claudia H. . March 26, 1995 . Commercial Property/Hotels; At New York Hotels, Things Are Looking Grand . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . May 26, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150526145539/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/26/realestate/commercial-property-hotels-at-new-york-hotels-things-are-looking-grand.html . live.
152. News: Rothstein . Mervyn . January 6, 1999 . Commercial Real Estate; Making New Yorker Hotel New Again . en-US . The New York Times . November 26, 2022 . 0362-4331 . July 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220728072431/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/06/nyregion/commercial-real-estate-making-new-yorker-hotel-new-again.html . live.
153. News: May 11, 1999 . Metro Business; New Yorker Hotel Recognizes Union . en-US . The New York Times . November 26, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221126170255/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/11/nyregion/metro-business-new-yorker-hotel-recognizes-union.html . live.
154. News: Greenhouse . Steven . March 3, 1999 . Asbestos Removal Becomes Issue in Hotel Union Drive . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129193705/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/03/nyregion/asbestos-removal-becomes-issue-in-hotel-union-drive.html . live.
155. News: English . Simon . August 14, 2001 . Manhattan hotel gets in the mood with Dow-linked rates . 27 . The Daily Telegraph . .
156. News: Wax . Alan J. . January 28, 2002 . Commercial Real Estate / WTC Businesses Check Into Hotel . D12 . Newsday . .
157. Kramer . Louise . April 23, 2001 . Economic issues tripping up local tourism industry . Crain's New York Business . 17 . 17 . 4 . .
158. News: Holusha . John . October 14, 2001 . Commercial Property/Midtown Manhattan; Desks Are Replacing Beds in Some Hotels . en-US . The New York Times . November 30, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130191123/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/14/realestate/commercial-property-midtown-manhattan-desks-are-replacing-beds-in-some-hotels.html . live.
159. Levin . Jay . April 1, 2002 . Planners gaining power in deals with hotels . Crain's New York Business . 18 . 13 . 18 . .
160. Fickenscher . Lisa . July 28, 2003 . Barbizon models its move on good deal . Crain's New York Business . 19 . 30 . 4 . .
161. Haughney . Christine . September 15, 2003 . Hotel learns to fill rooms with students . Crain's New York Business . 19 . 37 . 12 . .
162. Fickenscher . Lisa . October 18, 2004 . Hotels hung up on Javits issues . Crain's New York Business . 20 . 42 . 1 . .
163. Traster . Tina . February 23, 2004 . Big hotels behind pace in renovating space . Crain's New York Business . 20 . 8 . 22 . .
164. News: Chamberlain . Lisa . November 9, 2005 . Filling in a Blank on the New York Skyline . en-US . The New York Times . December 1, 2022 . 0362-4331 . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201154505/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/09/realestate/filling-in-a-blank-on-the-new-york-skyline.html . live.
165. Web site: Budin . Jeremiah . Mapping 18 Iconic Signs That Define the NYC Skyline . . June 27, 2014 . November 29, 2022 . The New Yorker Hotel's massive red lettering was installed in 1941. The hotel ran into financial trouble a couple decades later and the sign went dark from 1967 to 2005, when it was rebuilt with LED lights. . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129220848/https://ny.curbed.com/maps/mapping-18-iconic-signs-that-define-the-nyc-skyline . live.
166. Web site: Wellborn . Mark . August 13, 2007 . New Yorker Hotel to Get $65 M. Renovation . November 29, 2022 . Observer . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129195556/https://observer.com/2007/08/new-yorker-hotel-to-get-65-m-renovation/ . live.
167. Web site: Johnson . Richard L. . The 912 room New Yorker Hotel Completes Massive 18-month, $70 million Renovation / February 2009 . October 30, 2016 . October 9, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009162103/http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PR2009_1st/Feb09_NewYorker.html . live.
168. Web site: September 6, 2007 . Renowned Red 'New Yorker' Hotel Sign To Remain As Shining Banner On Historic Manhattan Property . November 29, 2022 . Hospitality Net . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129195556/https://www.hospitalitynet.org/news/4032861.html . live.
169. News: Howard . Hilary . February 24, 2009 . Vintage Hotels, in New York and Seville, Are Spruced Up . en-US . The New York Times . December 1, 2022 . 0362-4331 . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201174137/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/01/travel/01COM1929.html . live.
170. News: Fabricant . Florence . November 21, 2007 . Off the Menu . en-US . The New York Times . December 1, 2022 . 0362-4331 . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201164204/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/21/dining/21off.html . live.
171. Web site: Martinez . Jose . September 21, 2007 . Fordham coed sues over bedbugs in hotel dorm . December 1, 2022 . New York Daily News . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201190009/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/fordham-coed-sues-bedbugs-hotel-dorm-article-1.246029 . live.
172. Fickenscher . Lisa . January 12, 2009 . Occupancy drop forces layoffs at hotels . Crain's New York Business . 25 . 2 . 1 . .
173. Fickenscher . Lisa . November 11, 2013 . New Yorker Hotel to get makeover . 29 . 45 . 4 . . November 29, 2022 . Crain's New York Business . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129232247/https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20131110/HOSPITALITY_TOURISM/311109973/new-yorker-hotel-to-get-makeover . live.
174. Bronner . Stephen J. . February 2, 2009 . Deals galore as tourism sector sees business ebb . Crain's New York Business . 25 . 5 . 20 . .
175. News: Harrold . Max . March 27, 2010 . A huge window on the Rockies; Via Rail tour offers big savings for early season . G.2 . The Gazette . .
176. Web site: Hunt . Angela . March 24, 2014 . New Yorker Hotel undergoes makeover - The Real Deal . November 29, 2022 . The Real Deal New York . en-US . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129195554/https://therealdeal.com/2014/03/24/hudson-yards-spurs-makeover-at-nearby-new-yorker-hotel/ . live.
177. Wells . Nicholas . January 23, 2014 . Demand for hotel rooms surges . 30 . 4 . 17 . . December 1, 2022 . Crain's New York Business . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201190020/https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20140126/HOSPITALITY_TOURISM/301269989/demand-for-hotel-rooms-surges-in-new-york-city . live.
178. Web site: March 3, 2014 . New Yorker Hotel now world's largest Wyndham . December 1, 2022 . travelweekly.com . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201190016/https://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Hotel-News/New-Yorker-Hotel-now-world-largest-Wyndham . live.
179. Web site: Hotel News Resource . March 3, 2014 . Iconic New Yorker Hotel Joins Wyndham Brand . March 5, 2016 . Hotelnewsresource.com . March 5, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305130327/http://www.hotelnewsresource.com/article76676.html . live.
180. Web site: Dailey . Jessica . March 24, 2014 . As Midtown West Changes, So Does The New Yorker Hotel . November 29, 2022 . Curbed NY . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129193705/https://ny.curbed.com/2014/3/24/10127852/as-midtown-west-changes-so-does-the-new-yorker-hotel . live.
181. News: Simonson . Robert . September 2, 2014 . New Bars Offer Barrels, Beer and Boilermakers . en-US . The New York Times . December 1, 2022 . 0362-4331 . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201191254/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/03/dining/bars-opening-soon-in-new-york.html . live. none.

     Web site: Shunk . Laura . Bar Below Kitchen & Cocktail Vault Will Bring Comfort Fare to the Penn Station Neighborhood . The Village Voice . August 15, 2014 . December 1, 2022 . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201191303/https://www.villagevoice.com/2014/08/15/bar-below-kitchen-cocktail-vault-will-bring-comfort-fare-to-the-penn-station-neighborhood/ . live.

182. News: Fabricant . Florence . August 28, 2017 . Putting Fresh Spins on the Steakhouse . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129001649/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/dining/steakhouse-nyc-restaurant-openings.html . live.
183. News: Fabricant . Florence . November 14, 2017 . Tetsu, Japanese Comfort Food From Masa Chef, Opens . en-US . The New York Times . November 29, 2022 . 0362-4331 . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129001649/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/14/dining/tetsu-nyc-restaurant-news.html . live.
184. Web site: Tauer . Kristen . November 16, 2017 . Dining in an Old Bank Vault . November 29, 2022 . Women's Wear Daily . November 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129001649/https://wwd.com/eye/lifestyle/chef-scott-campbell-butcher-banker-vault-new-yorker-hotel-11050226/ . live.
185. Web site: Cunningham . Cathy . Rizzi . Nicholas . New Yorker Hotel’s $106M Loan Hits the Market . Commercial Observer . July 18, 2023 . January 20, 2024 . January 6, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240106164113/https://commercialobserver.com/2023/07/new-yorker-hotel-newmark-mt/ . live.
186. Web site: Cunningham . Cathy . Yellowstone Real Estate Investments Buys New Yorker Hotel's $106M Note . Commercial Observer . September 7, 2023 . January 20, 2024 . December 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231205062146/https://commercialobserver.com/2023/09/new-yorker-yellowstone-newmark-mt/ . live. none.

     Web site: Yellowstone Buys $106M Note Backed by New Yorker Hotel . The Real Deal . September 8, 2023 . January 20, 2024 . February 10, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240210103817/https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2023/09/08/yellowstone-buys-106m-note-backed-by-new-yorker-hotel/ . live.

187. Web site: Chang . Clio . How to Fake-Own the New Yorker Hotel . Curbed . September 29, 2023 . January 20, 2024 . December 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231222115518/https://www.curbed.com/2023/09/new-yorker-hotel-rent-stabilization-explained-mickey-baretto.html . live.
188. Web site: Hallum . Mark . Deed to New Yorker Hotel Again Transferred to Alleged Fraudster . Commercial Observer . September 21, 2023 . January 20, 2024 . December 4, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231204204132/https://commercialobserver.com/2023/09/deed-to-new-yorker-hotel-again-transferred-to-alleged-fraudster/ . live.
189. Web site: Seller Who Doesn’t Own New Yorker Hotel Files $400M Deed . The Real Deal . September 25, 2023 . January 20, 2024 . February 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240217164648/https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2023/09/25/seller-who-doesnt-own-new-yorker-hotel-files-400m-deed/ . live.
190. Web site: Forbes . Ahjané . New Yorker Mickey Barreto indicted after claiming to own iconic hotel . USA Today . February 16, 2024 . April 14, 2024. none.

     Web site: Niemietz . Brian . Weatherby . Jager . NYC man charged with falsely claiming ownership of New Yorker Hotel, using loophole to live rent-free for 5 years . New York Daily News . February 16, 2024 . February 16, 2024 . February 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240216003121/https://www.nydailynews.com/2024/02/15/mickey-barreto-charged-false-ownership-new-yorker-hotel/ . live . none. ; Web site: Katersky . Aaron . NYC man charged, accused of claiming false ownership of New Yorker Hotel in Manhattan . ABC7 New York . February 14, 2024 . February 16, 2024 . February 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240216021254/https://abc7ny.com/new-york-city-arrest-false-ownership/14424094/ . live.

191. Web site: Haag . Matthew . NYC Man Spent $200 for a Five-Year Stay at the New Yorker Hotel . The New York Times . March 24, 2024 . March 25, 2024.
192. News: Kaufman . Michael T. . May 1, 2004 . Joseph F. Cullman 3rd, Who Made Philip Morris a Tobacco Power, Dies at 92 . en-US . The New York Times . November 26, 2022 . 0362-4331 . December 6, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074606/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/01/business/joseph-f-cullman-3rd-who-made-philip-morris-a-tobacco-power-dies-at-92.html . live.
193. News: Patterson . Arthur E. . September 30, 1936 . Baseball's 'Who's Who Takes City Hotel Registers by Storm . 27 . New York Herald Tribune . 1941-0646 . .
194. News: May 30, 1949 . Hockey Leaders Gather . 20 . Winnipeg Tribune . Winnipeg, Manitoba . January 23, 2020 . December 20, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191220063102/https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-may-30-1949-1462344/ . live.
195. News: Hoelterhoff . Manuela . May 11, 2008 . Talking With Samantha Hunt: Inventing Tesla's World Cooing for a Strange Genius . Newsday . .
196. July 21, 1934 . Tesla: Inventor Has Scheme for Dealing Out Death Wholesale . 4 . 3 . 25 . . Newsweek.
197. Singer . Mark . January 7, 2008 . Tesla Slept Here . November 28, 2022 . The New Yorker . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128030726/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/01/14/tesla-slept-here . live.
198. News: April 25, 1999 . When $150 Is a Bargain . en-US . Washington Post . November 30, 2022 . 0190-8286 . August 28, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170828030002/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/travel/1999/04/25/when-150-is-a-bargain/f82fff46-b374-43eb-a74d-2f8f98e3ab58/ . live.
199. News: McLane . Daisann . May 14, 2000 . Frugal Traveler; New York's Bargain Hotels, With Help From the Web . en-US . The New York Times . December 1, 2022 . 0362-4331 . December 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201164208/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/14/travel/frugal-traveler-new-york-s-bargain-hotels-with-help-from-the-web.html . live.
200. News: McDonough . Anne . May 20, 2006 . Staying in New York City: Be very afraid ... of the rates . L8 . The Ottawa Citizen . .
201. News: Hayashi . Yuki . October 6, 2001 . The Big Apple, minus the bite: Business is picking up in New York City. So, go now -- and hurry . TO7 . National Post . .
202. Web site: The New Yorker a Wyndham Hotel Review: What To REALLY Expect If You Stay . Oyster.com . February 11, 2016 . November 28, 2022 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128030702/https://www.oyster.com/new-york-city/hotels/wyndham-new-yorker-hotel/ . live.
203. Web site: The New Yorker, A Wyndham Hotel . . November 21, 2022 . November 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128025202/https://travel.usnews.com/Hotels/review-The_New_Yorker_A_Wyndham_Hotel-New_York-New_York-23163/ . live.
204. News: Goldberger . Paul . January 15, 1997 . New York-New York, It's a Las Vegas Town . en-US . The New York Times . August 18, 2022 . 0362-4331 . June 9, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130609231254/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/15/nyregion/new-york-new-york-it-s-a-las-vegas-town.html . live.
205. Web site: January 3, 1997 . New York Looms Large in Las Vegas . August 19, 2022 . Chicago Tribune . March 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220322165733/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-01-03-9701040154-story.html . live.