Wyclef Jean Explained

Wyclef Jean
Honorific Suffix:National Order of Honour and Merit
Birth Name:Nel Ust Wyclef Jean
Birth Date:17 October 1969
Birth Place:Croix-des-Bouquets, Haiti
Education:Five Towns College
Berklee College of Music
Years Active:1989–present
Organization:Yéle Haiti
Children:1
Relatives:
Awards:Full list
Module:
Embed:yes
Origin:Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
Past Member Of:Fugees

Nel Ust Wyclef Jean (; born October 17, 1969)[1] [2] is a Haitian rapper and record producer. At the age of nine,[3] Jean and his family emigrated to Northeastern United States. He formed the New Jersey-based hip hop trio Fugees in 1990 with fellow musicians Lauryn Hill and Pras Michel, for which Jean served as lead guitarist and producer. The group released the albums Blunted on Reality (1994) and The Score (1996), the latter became one of the best-selling albums of all time. Following their success, Jean released his debut solo album, Wyclef Jean Presents The Carnival (1997), which yielded the Billboard Hot 100-top ten single "Gone till November".

In 1997, Jean guest featured on Destiny Child's breakout single "No, No, No". Afterwards, he co-wrote the 1999 singles "My Love Is Your Love" for Whitney Houston, and "Maria Maria" for Santana. His second solo album, (2000) was supported by the top 40 single "911" (featuring Mary J. Blige), and received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His third album, Masquerade (2002), peaked within the top ten of the Billboard 200. He guest performed on Shakira's 2006 single, "Hips Don't Lie", which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100. The following year, his single "Sweetest Girl (Dollar Bill)" (featuring Akon, Lil Wayne and Niia) peaked within the top 20 of the chart and led his sixth studio album, (2007). The album moderately entered the Billboard 200 and marked his final to be released by a major label.

In 2007, Jean was appointed Ambassador-at-Large of the Republic of Haiti by President René Préval.[4] In 2010, he filed for candidacy in the 2010 Haitian presidential election.[5] However, Haiti's Provisional Electoral Council ruled him ineligible to stand for office, as he had not met the constitutional requirement to have been a resident in Haiti for five years prior to the election.[2] [6] Jean's highly publicized efforts to raise relief funds after the 2010 Haitian earthquake were channeled through his charitable organization, Yéle Haiti. The charity, which conducted education and welfare activities in Haiti between 2005 and 2010, effectively closed in 2012. The New York Times reported that much of the earnings raised by the organization in the Hope for Haiti Now telethon were retained by Jean.[7]

He is the recipient of three Grammy Awards, the BET Humanitarian Award, and a Vanguard Award from the NAACP Image Awards, in addition to being nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his musical work.[8] [9] [10] In 2011, President Michel Martelly of Haiti awarded Jean with the National Order of Honour and Merit to the rank of Grand Officer. Jean has also been inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame. Jean is one of the artists who have reached the most radio charts on Billboard.[11]

Early life

Named after the biblical scholar John Wycliffe,[12] Wyclef Jean was born in Croix-des-Bouquets, Haiti on October 17, 1969.[13] At nine years old, he immigrated with his family to Brooklyn, New York City, and ultimately settled in East Orange and Newark, New Jersey. Jean began to make music as a child, and as a teen, his mother, having recognized his musical talent, bought him a guitar. He has cited "reggae" artist Bigga Haitian as one of his early influences, as well as neighborhood heroes MC Tiger Paw Raw and producer Lobster v. Crab.[14] He has stated that he played music to earn respect.[15]

Jean graduated from Newark's Vailsburg High School and enrolled for one semester at Five Towns College in New York.[16] In 2009 he enrolled in the Berklee College of Music to pursue his diploma.[17] Jean has been a resident of Saddle River, South Orange, and North Caldwell, New Jersey.[18]

Music career

Fugees (1988–1997)

Jean and other musicians formed a group in the 1980s under the name Tranzlator Crew. Jean and band member Lauryn Hill pursued a romantic relationship beginning in 1992, and ending in 1997, the year of the band's breakup. Jean later revealed that Hill's dishonesty about the parentage of her child, Zion David, caused the rift that split the group up.[19] After they signed with Ruffhouse Records and Columbia Records in 1993, they renamed their group as Fugees – an abbreviation of "refugees", and also a sometimes derogatory reference to Haitian immigrants.[20] The group's debut album, Blunted on Reality, was released in 1994. It achieved limited commercial success, peaking at number 62 on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The album peaked at number 122 on the UK Albums Chart in 1997, and it was certified gold by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP).[21] [22] [23] Blunted on Reality spawned three singles: "Boof Baf", "Nappy Heads" and "Vocab". "Nappy Heads" was the Fugees' first single to be ranked on the US Billboard Hot 100, charting at number 49.[24]

In 1996, Fugees released their second album, titled The Score. The album achieved significant commercial success in the U.S., topping the Billboard 200. It was later certified as six-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It performed well in several overseas nations, topping the Austrian, Canadian, French, German and Swiss albums charts, while also peaking at number two in Sweden and the United Kingdom.[22] [25] [26] [27]

Four commercially successful singles were released from The Score; "Fu-Gee-La", the first single from the album, peaked at number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the RIAA and by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI).[24] [28] The other three singles – "Killing Me Softly", "Ready or Not" and "No Woman, No Cry" – did not appear on the Billboard Hot 100 as they were not released for commercial sale, making them ineligible to appear on the chart,[29] although they all received sufficient airplay to appear on the Hot 100 Airplay and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay charts. "Killing Me Softly", a cover of the Roberta Flack song "Killing Me Softly with His Song", performed strongly in other territories, topping the singles charts in Australia, Austria, Germany and the United Kingdom, among several others.[30]

"Ready or Not" peaked at number one in the UK and at number three in Sweden. "No Woman, No Cry" – a cover of the Bob Marley & The Wailers song of the same name – topped the singles chart in New Zealand. Fugees collaborated with singer Bounty Killer on the single "Hip-Hopera" and recorded the single "Rumble in the Jungle" for the soundtrack to the film When We Were Kings in 1997: although they have not released any studio albums since The Score, a compilation album, Greatest Hits, was released in 2003, and spawned the single "Take It Easy".[31]

1997–2004

Start of solo career

Jean announced plans to begin a solo career with 1997's Wyclef Jean Presents the Carnival Featuring the Refugee All-Stars (generally called The Carnival). The album's guests included Fugees members Lauryn Hill and Pras, along with Jean's siblings' group Melky Sedeck;[32] the I Threes (back-up vocals for Bob Marley); The Neville Brothers and Celia Cruz. The album was a hit, as were two singles: "We Trying to Stay Alive" (adapted from the Bee Gees' "Stayin' Alive") and "Gone till November" (recorded with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra).

Released in 2000, Jean's second solo album was recorded with guests including Youssou N'Dour; Earth, Wind & Fire; Kenny Rogers; The Rock; and Mary J. Blige. With Blige, he released "911" as a single. He was nominated for Best Hip-Hop Act at the 2000 MTV Europe Music Awards.[33] [34]

Following the 9/11 attacks, Jean participated in the benefit concert , contributing a cover of the Bob Marley song "Redemption Song". His third album, Masquerade, was released in 2002. His fourth album, The Preacher's Son, was released in November 2003 as the follow-up to his first solo album, The Carnival. In 2004, he released his fifth album, Sak Pasé Presents: Welcome to Haïti (Creole 101) (released in the U.S. by Koch Records). Most of its songs are in his native language of Haitian Creole like "Fanm Kreyòl" with the French Caribbean Admiral T. Jean also figured on the album Mozaik Kreyòl of this one in the song "Secret Lover". He then covered Creedence Clearwater Revival's song "Fortunate Son" for the soundtrack of the film The Manchurian Candidate (2004) and wrote the song "Million Voices" for the film Hotel Rwanda (2004).

Songwriting and producing

Jean co-wrote "My Love Is Your Love" for Whitney Houston's album of the same name. He produced and wrote songs for the soundtrack to Jonathan Demme's 2003 documentary The Agronomist, about the Haitian activist and radio personality Jean Dominique. With Jerry 'Wonder' Duplessis, Jean also composed the score of the documentary Ghosts of Cité Soleil,[35] He helped produce the film and appears briefly onscreen speaking by telephone in 2004 to a "chimere" gang-leader and aspiring rapper, Winston "2Pac" Jean.[36]

"Hips Don't Lie" and The Carnival Vol. II (2004–2009)

During a period between 2004 and 2006, fueled by a reunion performance in the documentary Dave Chappelle's Block Party (2005), it appeared that Fugees would record a new album. However, Pras claimed to Billboard magazine, "To put it nicely, it's dead." Pras said the root of this animosity was the third member of the group, Lauryn Hill, and was quoted in Billboard as saying; "Me and Clef, we on the same page, but Lauryn Hill is in her zone, and I'm fed up with that shit. Here she is, blessed with a gift, with the opportunity to rock and give and she's running on some bullshit? I'm a fan of Lauryn's but I can't respect that."[37]

In 2006, Jean was featured in Shakira's smash hit "Hips Don't Lie". The song went on to reach number one in over 55 countries. Jean and Shakira went on to perform the song at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards and the 2007 Grammy Awards. He joined Shakira on various dates of her Oral Fixation Tour in the U.S. Also in 2007, Jean scored the Angelina Jolie documentary A Place in Time.[38]

In August 2007, Jean released a new song called "Sweetest Girl (Dollar Bill)" featuring Lil Wayne, Niia and Akon, which references the song "C.R.E.A.M." by the Wu-Tang Clan. One month later he released an album that he recorded in Atlanta, Georgia, with the help of T.I., who also collaborated with Jean on the songs "You Know What it is" and "My Swag" on the latter's 2007 album, T.I. vs. T.I.P. In 2008, an upbeat single "Let Me Touch Your Button" featuring will.i.am was released in the UK in conjunction with Jean's involvement with UK MOTOROKRSTAR.[39] Jean released a song with Serj Tankian called "Riot".

In 2009, Jean was featured on the song "Spanish Fly" with Ludacris and Bachata group Aventura included on Aventura's album The Last, released in June. On June 17, 2009, Jean announced via Twitter that his new album would be called wyclefjean and was to be released sometime in February 2010. The first single from wyclefjean was to be titled "Seventeen" and feature Lil Wayne.[40] In August 2009, Jean unveiled his video "Haitian Slumdog Millionaire" featuring Haitian artist Imposs. Making a guest appearance in the video was New York City entrepreneur and philanthropist Ali Naqvi.

"Divine Sorrow" and World Cup Song (2009–2016)

In November 2009, a track titled "Suicide Love" featuring rapper Eve leaked online prior to the release of his EP. Wyclef Jean's EP named From the Hut, to the Projects, to the Mansion was released on November 10, 2009. It includes seventeen tracks, featuring Eve, Cyndi Lauper, Timbaland, and Lil' Kim.[41] In this album, Wyclef uses the alias Toussaint St. Jean, his alter ego, when he raps.[42]

Jean's self-entitled studio album was due to be released in 2011, but has yet to surface. "Hold On", the lead single from the project, features dancehall artist Mavado.[41] In May 2014, a Jean video, "April Showers", was banned from YouTube after Cathy Scott, author of The Killing of Tupac Shakur, lodged a copyright infringement complaint claiming an image in the video was similar to an autopsy photo released in her book. YouTube temporally banned the video.[43] TMZ, which broke the story, reported that Scott and the video's director, Hezues R', had settled the matter and agreed that Hezues R' would include a screen credit to the book at the end of the video.[44]

Jean worked with Avicii on a single titled "Divine Sorrow" from his upcoming EP J'Ouvert. He collaborated again with Avicii in 2015 on the song "Can't Catch Me" on the album Stories, which also featured Matisyahu. This marks the third collaboration with Avicii and Jean, following "Dar um Jeito (We Will Find a Way)" and "Divine Sorrow".[45]

Jean appeared as a featured vocalist in The Knocks' single "Kiss The Sky", which was released in January 2016. This song was part of their debut album, entitled 55, released in March 2016. Jean was also featured on the Young Thug song "Kanye West", from the rapper's mixtape Jeffery, released in August 2016.Wyclef wrote an autobiography entitled Purpose: An Immigrant's Story with the help of journalist Anthony Bozza, published in September 2012.[46]

Carnival III and Wyclef Goes Back to School (2016–present)

On May 17, 2016, Wyclef released his first song in two years, which gave hints to a new album release. A month later on June 17, he released a new song called Hendrix, and later released a short film featuring Michael K. Williams. He then did many interviews teasing that his new J'ouvert Extended Play would drop in November.[47] Although, this release was pushed back into February. To promote his EP, he did a concert at Terminal 5.[48] On October 14, 2016, Wyclef released an election song called "If I Was President 2016" that would be featured on his J'ouvert EP.[49] On November 1, 2016, he released a song that he had collaborated on with Young Thug. The song was called "I Swear", which is also featured on his EP.[50] Wyclef had also collaborated on Young Thug's Jeffery Mixtape, and was featured on Thug's song "Kanye West".[51] Young Thug also had a song named "Wyclef Jean" that was named after him because he was such a big influence.[52]

In January 2017, Wyclef announced that his J'ouvert EP would be released on February 3, 2017.[53] On February 2, 2017, Wyclef released his new single "Ne Me Quitte Pas", which was featured on his J'ouvert Deluxe EP. The EP was released and charted at 117 on the Billboard 200,[54] and 50 on the Canadian Hot Albums.[55] Four more singles were released from the album, "Life Matters", "The Ring", "Holding onto the Edge" and "Little Things".[56] On June 9, Wyclef announced on his Instagram that would become available to pre-order on June 22, 2017.[57]

In November 2017, Wyclef released his, Wyclef Jean Inspired By[58] mixtape. The mixtape features reworks of some of today's most popular records like Kendrick Lamar's "DNA." The project also offers up social commentary in the track, "Chain Gang Free Meek Mill", features an original song called, "Camels and Ferraris", and also pays tribute to the late Whitney Houston on, "Inspired By Whitney".

In December 2017, Wyclef along with Naughty Boy appeared on the final of the fourteenth series of The X Factor, guest performing "Dimelo" with contestants Rak-Su. Rak-Su won and the performance was released as the winner's single.[59]

On December 25, 2017, Wyclef announced The Carnival Tour via social media.[60] The tour had two legs with a total of 56 shows. It started on February 9, 2018, and ended on October 26, 2018.

On March 8, 2019, Wyclef released his ninth studio album, Wyclef Goes Back to School Volume 1.

Yéle Haiti

See main article: Yéle Haiti. In 2001, Jean established Yéle Haiti, a charitable organization known legally as the Wyclef Jean Foundation and incorporated in Illinois. Following 2004's Hurricane Jeanne, the organization provided scholarships to 3,600 children in Gonaïves, Haiti. It continued to provide scholarships, school funding, meals and other charitable benefits to citizens of Haiti in the following years.

After the 2010 Haitian earthquake, Yéle became prominent in raising funds for disaster relief. According to Jean, Yéle raised over $1 million in 24 hours over Twitter.[61] Jean took part in an MTV donation drive and other publicized fundraising,[62] such as the Hope for Haiti Now telethon, which he organized with actor and producer George Clooney.[63] Yéle donated funds to orphanages, street cleaning crews, hospitals and medical clinics and organized food service to provide hot meals to refugees and victims of the catastrophe.[64] [65] [66] [67]

By February 2010, questions were reported about the history and management of Yéle. The New York Times reported that the charity had failed to file tax returns for several years. The former executive director, Sanjay Rawal, questioned Yéle's ability to handle large projects and criticized its lack of financial controls.[68]

By August 2012, chief executive Derek Q. Johnson was the last remaining officer of the charity. He resigned and announced that Yéle was closed, saying in a statement, "As the foundation's sole remaining employee, my decision implies the closure of the organization as a whole." New York Attorney General Eric T. Schneiderman investigated Yéle and attempted to reach a settlement over allegations of mismanagement. Schneiderman said that the charity had made improper payments to Jean, members of his family, and personal acquaintances. In 2010, after the earthquake in Haiti, Yéle spent more than $9 million - with half of it going to travel expenses by Jean and his entourage, consultants' fees, and real estate fees. The charity has been the subject of lawsuits in Haiti for unpaid debts.[67]

Politics

Jean has supported politicians in Haiti. In 2011 he told Women's Wear Daily that he was "a big fan of Sarah Palin", former vice-presidential candidate of the Republican Party.[69] It was reported erroneously that Jean would be attending the 2012 Republican National Convention in Tampa.[70] [71]

2010 Haitian presidential campaign

On August 5, 2010, Wyclef confirmed rumors that he was running for president of Haiti during an interview with CNN's Wolf Blitzer. The journalist questioned the rapper's citizenship qualifications, asking about his passport. Exclaim! magazine reported at the time that Jean would retire as chairman of Yéle Haiti.[72] On August 5, Jean formally filed papers as a candidate for the 2010 Haitian presidential election.[73] [74] Wyclef intended to run as a candidate for the Viv Ansanm (Live Together) political party.[74]

On August 20, 2010, his bid for candidacy was rejected by Haiti's Provisional Electoral Council. He was turned down because he did not meet the constitutional residency requirement of having lived in Haiti for five years before the November 28 election.[6] Jean said, "I respectfully accept the committee's final decision, and I urge my supporters to do the same".[75]

Appearances in television and film

Writing

In 2012 Jean published his memoir called Purpose: An Immigrant's Story.[7] and which takes him through the turmoil of immigration, The book depicts with painful detail,[85] the story of his childhood in Haiti, to his rise to the American music scene. Wyclef describes growing up in Haiti so poor, he actually ate dirt.[86] Purpose is considered one of the top ten reads[87] for Haitian Americans as per the Haitian Times.[87]

Personal life

Jean had a relationship with Lauryn Hill.[88] In 1994, he married Marie Claudinette, a designer for Fusha.[89] In 2005, they adopted their daughter, Angelina Claudinelle Jean. The couple renewed their vows in August 2009.[90]

One of Jean's cousins is Raymond Alcide Joseph, a political activist, journalist and diplomat.[91] [92]

Discography

See main article: Wyclef Jean discography.

Filmography

Film

YearFilmRole
2002ShottasRichie
The Country BearsHimself
2003Full Clip Narrator
2005Be Cool Wyclef Jean
One Last Thing... Emmett Ducasse
Dirty Baine
2006Full Clip Narrator
Rap Sheet: Hip-Hop and the Cops Himself[95]
2007Redline(uncredited)
2012Black November Timi Gabriel

Television

YearShowRole
1999MOBO Awards Presenter with Melanie B
2001 (TV Movie) Fortune Teller
2003America's Next Top Model Himself
2004Chappelle's Show Himself2 episodes
2005Third Watch Marcel Hollis
2009The Electric Company Himself - He Needs a Kidney Performed by
2012–2013Nashville Dominic Wells
2016
(Episode: "Broken Rhymes") 		Vincent Love
2018Hell's Kitchen Himself - Restaurant Patron
UnSung

Awards and nominations

Golden Globe Awards

source, Golden Globe Awards:[9] |-|rowspan|2004|rowspan|"Million Voices” - Hotel Rwanda|Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song||-

Grammy Awards

Source, Grammy Award wins:[96]

|-|rowspan="3"|1997|rowspan="2"|The Score|Album of the Year||-|Best Rap Album||-|"Killing Me Softly"|Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal||-|rowspan="2"|1998|"Guantanamera" (featuring Celia Cruz and Jeni Fujita)|Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group||-|The Carnival|Best Rap Album||-|1999|"Gone till November"|Best Rap Solo Performance||-|2000|Supernatural (as a producer)|Album of the Year||-|2001|"911" (with Mary J. Blige)|Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal||-|2006|"Million Voices" (shared with Jerry Duplessis and Andrea Guerra)|Best Song Written for Visual Media||-|2007|"Hips Don't Lie" (with Shakira)|Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals||-

MTV Video Music Awards

|-|rowspan="3"|1998|rowspan="2"|"Gone till November"|Best R&B Video||-|Best Direction in a Video||-|"We Trying to Stay Alive"|Best Choreography in a Video||-|2020|"Dear Future Self (Hands Up)" |Best Rock||-

Other honors

In 2011, President Michel Martelly of Haiti awarded Jean with the National Order of Honour and Merit to the rank of Grand Officer "as a sign of high consideration national for his dedication to the promotion of Haiti around the world."[97]

In 2017, Jean was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.[98]

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Wyclef Jean Biography - Facts, Birthday, Life Story. Biography.com (FYI / A&E Networks). March 21, 2017. January 18, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140118152059/http://www.biography.com/people/wyclef-jean-587970. dead.
  2. Wyclef Dumped From Haiti's Presidential Ballo. Time. August 21, 2010. March 21, 2017. July 30, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160730051605/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2012369,00.html. dead. Before he announced on August 5 that he was running for President of Haiti, Wyclef Jean was still listing his age as only 37 years old. But after declaring himself a presidential candidate, the Haitian hip-hop star also decided to come clean and confirm that he was really 40..
  3. News: Wyclef Jean steps toward Haitian presidential race. Reuters. 2010-07-30. July 3, 2017. October 5, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101005023408/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE66Q5TX20100730. live.
  4. Web site: NME . 2007-01-04 . Wyclef becomes 'ambassador' . 2023-04-05 . NME . en-GB . April 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230405154133/https://www.nme.com/news/music/wyclef-jean-17-1316220 . live .
  5. Joseph Guyler Delva,"Wyclef Jean registers as Haiti presidential contender", reuters.com, August 6, 2010. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
  6. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11053604 Wyclef Jean to appeal against Haiti election ruling
  7. News: In Haiti, Little Can Be Found of a Hip-Hop Artists Charity . New York Times . Deborah Sontag . October 11, 2012 . February 23, 2017 . February 3, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170203080812/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/12/world/americas/quake-hit-haiti-gains-little-as-wyclef-jean-charity-spends-much.html?pagewanted=all . live .
  8. http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=Wyclef+Jean&title=&year=All&genre=All Past Winners Search
  9. Web site: Wyclef Jean. 2021-04-21. www.goldenglobes.com. April 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421210506/https://www.goldenglobes.com/person/wyclef-jean. live.
  10. Web site: Wyclef Jean . 2023-04-27 . IMDb . en-US . April 27, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230427020310/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0419889/awards/ . live .
  11. 2023-11-14 . Post Malone Secures His First Hit on Country Airplay Chart With 'Pickup Man' . 2023-11-19 . Billboard . November 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231120142622/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/post-malone-pickup-man-first-country-airplay-1235471783/ . live .
  12. 196622190609842177. MY DAD NAMED ME AFTER 'John Wycliffe' A REFORMATATOR FROM THE 14TH CENTURY SAYING! ' I BELIEVE IN THE END THE TRUTH WILL CONQUER'. wyclef. Jean. Wyclef. June 9, 2021. November 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125817/https://twitter.com/wyclef/status/196622190609842177. live.
  13. News: Profile: Wyclef Jean. BBC News. Genevieve. Hassan. April 23, 2018. Despite leaving Haiti in 1979, Jean has kept his Haitian citizenship. May 13, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180513145634/http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-10866989. live.
  14. Web site: Reggae Artists – Reggae Artists – Black Rat: Max Wayne. Bigupradio.com. 2010-06-26. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100130052523/http://www.bigupradio.com/artistDetail.jsp?aid=2419. January 30, 2010. mdy-all.
  15. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/17/magazine/what-is-wyclef-jean-trying-to-save-in-haiti.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FJean%2C%20Wyclef&action=click&contentCollection=timestopics&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=7&pgtype=collection ANAND GIRIDHARADAS, "The Would-Be Prince of Port-au-Prince"
  16. Web site: Kurczy. Stephen. Wyclef Jean for Haiti president: Four challenges he'll face. The Christian Science Monitor. November 28, 2010. August 5, 2010. November 26, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101126030410/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2010/0805/Wyclef-Jean-for-Haiti-president-Four-challenges-he-ll-face. live.
  17. Web site: Wyclef Jean Enrolls in Berklee. Bush. Allen. October 2, 2009. Berklee College of Music. November 28, 2010. August 8, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100808201551/http://www.berklee.edu/news/1065/wyclef-jean-enrolls-in-berklee. live.
  18. Cruz, Alicia. "Did Wyclef Jean fake his gunshot injury in Haiti?", NewJerseyNewsroom.com, March 23, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2012. "Wyclef Jean, a North Caldwell resident, told media outlets a bullet grazed his hand in the hand as he stood outside of his vehicle to make a phone call late Sunday night. Jean, who was born in Croix-des-Bouquets, Haiti, added that he did not know if the alleged gunshots were directed towards him."
  19. Web site: Wyclef Jean Told Story of Lauryn Hill's Pregnancy for 'Closure to a Chapter'. MTV. November 8, 2021. November 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211108052021/https://www.mtv.com/news/2499239/wyclef-jean-lauryn-hill-pregnancy-story-closure/. dead.
  20. Web site: Fugees: Overview. AllMusic. September 10, 2012. October 15, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121015015335/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/fugees-mn0000182415. live.
  21. [{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=fugees|chart=R&B/Hip-Hop Albums B}} Fugees – Chart History: R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]. Billboard. February 20, 2013.
  22. Peak chart positions for albums in the United Kingdom:
    • Blunted on Reality: Web site: Chart Log UK: Adam F.. Zobbel.de. Tobias Zywietz. September 7, 2012. Zywietz, Tobias. November 7, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161107043401/http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_F.HTM. live.
    • The Score and Bootleg Versions: Web site: Fugees. Official Charts Company. September 7, 2012. select "Albums" tab. October 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023005216/http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/fugees/. live.
  23. Web site: Certifications Albums Or – année 1997. Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. September 7, 2012. fr. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131110175943/http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/pag-259165-DISQUES-D-OR.html?year=1997&type=8. November 10, 2013. mdy-all.
  24. Fugees – Chart History: Hot 100. Billboard. February 20, 2013. November 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211121091756/https://www.billboard.com/artist/fugees/chart-history/hot-100/. live.
  25. Web site: Top Albums/CDs – Volume 63, No. 19, June 24, 1996. RPM. Walt Grealis. July 30, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20121111112557/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.3012&type=1&interval=20&PHPSESSID=sp19smnjn4io5g2nmhli5tdfo5. November 11, 2012. dead. mdy-all.
  26. Web site: Discographie Fugees. lescharts.com. September 7, 2012. fr. November 4, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121104074445/http://www.lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Fugees. live.
  27. Web site: Chartverfolgung/Fugees/Longplay. musicline.de. Media Control Charts. September 7, 2012. de. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065936/http://musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Fugees/8269/?type=longplay. March 4, 2016. dead. mdy-all.
  28. Web site: Gold-/Platin-Datenbank: Fugees. Bundesverband Musikindustrie. September 7, 2012. de. October 20, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141020064242/http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=&strInterpret=Fugees. live.
  29. Ask Billboard: Taylor Swift Vs. Carrie Underwood, Continued. Billboard. September 9, 2012. September 10, 2012. Trust, Gary. March 29, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130329104719/http://www.billboard.com/articles/chartbeat/475211/ask-billboard-taylor-swift-vs-carrie-underwood-continued. live.
  30. Web site: Chartverfolgung/Fugees/Single. musicline.de. Media Control Charts. September 8, 2012. de. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025525/http://musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Fugees/8269/?type=single. March 4, 2016. dead. mdy-all.
  31. Web site: The Fugees: Reunited and Not Very Good. www.villagevoice.com. September 26, 2005. 2018-01-25. January 26, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012659/https://www.villagevoice.com/2005/09/26/the-fugees-reunited-and-not-very-good/. live.
  32. Web site: Melky Sedeck Discography. Discogs. 2012-02-13. April 9, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110409180302/http://www.discogs.com/artist/Melky+Sedeck. live.
  33. News: MTV Europe Music Awards: The nominations. BBC News. October 2, 2000. March 28, 2007. April 2, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070402140828/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/953286.stm. live.
  34. News: David. Peisner. Rock Stars Who've Caught Fire Onstage!. February 2007. Blender Magazine. 2007-03-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181315/http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?ID=2531&src=blender_ed. September 30, 2007. dead. mdy-all.
  35. http://www.belfim.com/cast.php/99 Ghosts Of Cité Soleil
  36. Web site: GHOSTS OF CITÉ SOLEIL - Film Journal International. filmjournal.com. June 30, 2007. February 20, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080220102534/http://www.filmjournal.com/filmjournal/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003604282. dead.
  37. Pras. Billboard. July 18, 2007. March 10, 2015. June 8, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150608075251/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1050771/pras-goes-homeless-on-film-says-fugees-cd-is-dead. live.
  38. Web site: Wyclef Scores Angelina Jolie Documentary - XXL. xxlmag.com. May 2007 . September 6, 2016. October 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151004111031/http://www.xxlmag.com/xxl-magazine/2007/05/wyclef-scores-angelina-jolie-documentary/. live.
  39. Web site: WYCLEF JEAN: Perfect Gentleman. Stephen Clark - Design. March 10, 2015. October 20, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141020035100/http://www.bluesandsoul.com/feature/360/wyclef_jean_perfect_gentleman. live.
  40. Web site: Lil Wayne Will Be Joining Wyclef Jean On His Next Single "Seventeen" . September 3, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090907000540/http://www.newlilwayne.com/2009/09/lil-wayne-will-be-joining-wyclef-jean-on-his-next-single-seventeen/ . September 7, 2009 . dead . mdy-all .
  41. http://allhiphop.com/stories/features/archive/2009/11/16/22029504.aspx "Wyclef: Leading The Revolution"
  42. Wyclef Revisits Hip-Hop Roots On 'Toussaint: St. Jean' EP . Billboard . September 14, 2009 . 2012-02-13 . June 29, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130629034624/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/266628/wyclef-revisits-hip-hop-roots-on-toussaint-st-jean-ep . live .
  43. https://www.bet.com/article/jv85dy/wyclef-video-pulled-over-tupac-autopsy-image Wyclef Video Pulled Over Tupac Autopsy Image
  44. http://www.tmz.com/2014/05/09/tupac-shakur-autopsy-photo-fake-wyclef-jean-music-video-settlement Tupac Shakur: Fake Autopsy Music Video Dispute SETTLED
  45. Ramirez. Erika. Exclusive: Wyclef Jean Announces 'Clefication' Album & Avicii-Assisted Single. Billboard. August 31, 2014. August 28, 2014. September 1, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140901044841/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6236388/exclusive-wyclef-jean-announces-clefication-album-avicii-assisted. live.
  46. News: Dreisinger. Baz. Ready or Not: 'Purpose: An Immigrant's Story,' by Wyclef Jean. The New York Times. October 19, 2012. 30 April 2016. June 2, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170602145710/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/21/books/review/purpose-an-immigrants-story-by-wyclef-jean.html?_r=0. live.
  47. Wyclef Jean Announces Caribbean-Themed 'J'ouvert' EP. Rolling Stone. 2017-06-18. September 21, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170921231735/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/wyclef-jean-announces-caribbean-themed-jouvert-ep-w433056. live.
  48. News: Wyclef Jean Announces Release Date for 'J'ouvert' EP. 2016-08-08. Spin. 2017-06-18. December 21, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161221002638/http://www.spin.com/2016/08/wyclef-jean-jouvertep-first-project-new-ep-in-three-years/. live.
  49. Web site: If I Was President 2016 - Single by Wyclef Jean on Apple Music. iTunes. October 14, 2016. 2017-06-18. February 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180207125251/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/if-i-was-president-2016-single/id1163894000. live.
  50. Web site: I Swear (feat. Young Thug) - Single by Wyclef Jean on Apple Music. iTunes. November 3, 2016. 2017-06-18. February 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180207122750/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/i-swear-feat-young-thug-single/id1167039452. live.
  51. Web site: JEFFERY by Young Thug on Apple Music. iTunes. August 26, 2016. 2017-06-18. June 8, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170608050513/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/jeffery/id1146718343. live.
  52. News: Wyclef Jean Talks Young Thug, Trap Music And The Joy Of Carnival. NPR.org. 2017-06-18. February 8, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180208004510/https://www.npr.org/2017/02/05/513315143/wyclef-jean-talks-young-thug-trap-music-and-the-joy-of-carnival. live.
  53. Web site: J'ouvert (Deluxe Edition) by Wyclef Jean on Apple Music. iTunes. February 3, 2017. 2017-06-18. May 13, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170513122532/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/jouvert-deluxe-edition/id1194174563. live.
  54. Top 200 Albums. Billboard. 2017-06-18. May 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180507101029/https://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-200/2017-02-25. live.
  55. Billboard Canadian Albums: Top Albums Chart. Billboard. 2017-06-18. March 31, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170331070450/http://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-albums/2017-02-25. live.
  56. Web site: WyclefVEVO. YouTube. en. 2017-06-18. March 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210308134800/https://www.youtube.com/user/WyclefVEVO/videos. live.
  57. Web site: Instagram post by Wyclef Jean • Jun 9, 2017 at 6:49pm UTC. Instagram. en. 2017-06-18. September 26, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200926181404/https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=%2Fp%2FBVISRWtDPXi%2F. live.
  58. Web site: Audiomack Free Music Streaming & Sharing. audiomack.com. en. 2019-06-21. December 7, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171207021524/https://audiomack.com/album/wyclef-jean/wyclef-jean-inspired-by. live.
  59. News: X Factor 2017 winner announced. 2017-12-04. 2019-06-21. en-GB. April 23, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190423164335/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-42217568. live.
  60. Web site: Wyclef. Union. Wonderful. Wyclef. en. 2018-01-07. January 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180107120218/https://wyclef.com/events. live.
  61. News: The New York Times. Burst of Mobile Giving via Cellphone Text Messages Adds Millions in Relief Funds. January 15, 2010. Jenna Wortham.
  62. News: Details of 'Hope for Haiti' telethon are announced. David Itzikoff. The New York Times. January 15, 2010. October 12, 2012. October 16, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151016191236/http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/15/details-of-hope-for-haiti-telethon-are-announced/. live.
  63. Web site: Soundscapes of Disaster and Humanitarianism: Survival Singing, Relief Telethons, and the Haiti Earthquake. Elizabeth McAlister. Small Axe (2012): 22-38. June 8, 2014. July 14, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140714151508/http://works.bepress.com/elizabeth_mcalister/39/. live.
  64. News: Beyonce and Madonna Join Hope for Haiti Telethon . The New York Times . January 21, 2010 . Ben . Sisario . October 12, 2012 . December 5, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131205184916/http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/beyonce-and-madonna-join-hope-for-haiti-telethon/ . live .
  65. Web site: STATEMENT BY WYCLEF JEAN ON HAITI EARTHQUAKE. Wyclef Jean\'s Blog. March 10, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20141207093206/http://wyclefjean.wordpress.com/2010/01/13/statement-by-wyclef-jean-on-haiti-earthquake/. December 7, 2014. dead. mdy-all.
  66. Web site: Wyclef Jean Haiti Earthquake Appeal. January 13, 2010. 3threat Media. 2010-01-18. July 18, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110718084035/http://3threatmedia.wordpress.com/2010/01/13/wyclef-jean-appeal-following-haiti-earthquake/. live.
  67. News: In Haiti, Little Can Be Found of a Hip-Hop Artists Charity . The New York Times . Deborah Sontag . October 11, 2012 . February 23, 2017 . February 3, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170203080812/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/12/world/americas/quake-hit-haiti-gains-little-as-wyclef-jean-charity-spends-much.html?pagewanted=all . live .
  68. News: Haitian Quake Brings More Money and Scrutiny to a Charity . Stephanie Strom . The New York Times . February 5, 2010 . February 23, 2017 . February 14, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180214142144/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/05/us/05charity.html?pagewanted=all . live .
  69. Matthew Perpetua. Wyclef Jean: I'm A Big Fan of Sarah Palin. Rolling Stone. 2011-09-15. 2012-12-13. September 7, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170907095533/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/wyclef-jean-im-a-big-fan-of-sarah-palin-20110915. live.
  70. McKay, Hollie. "Hollywood bailing on President Obama and the Democratic National Convention", Fox News, August 24, 2012.
  71. Wyclef: "I ain't a Republican (...) I don't support Republicans."|YouTube interview https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTknV5LLg7U
  72. https://archive.today/20120801084104/http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/generalarticlesynopsfullart.aspx?csid1=146&csid2=844&fid1=48631 "It's Official: Wyclef Jean Running for President of Haiti"
  73. News: Wyclef Jean to Run for President of Haiti?. Us Weekly. July 26, 2010. July 29, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100729193704/http://www.usmagazine.com/moviestvmusic/news/wyclef-jean-to-run-for-president-of-haiti-2010267. live.
  74. News: Wyclef Jean files election papers for Haiti presidency. August 5, 2010. BBC News. July 21, 2018. November 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181127155543/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-10888173. live.
  75. News: Wyclef Jean fighting to get name on Haiti presidential ballot. CNN. August 22, 2010. August 30, 2010. August 27, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100827030242/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/08/22/haiti.wyclef.jean/#fbid=9H6q4eqUdWW&wom=false. live.
  76. Web site: MOVIE REVIEW: Shottas. October 31, 2006. Slant Magazine. 2011-11-22. March 21, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120321162651/http://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/shottas/2541. live.
  77. Web site: Shottas (2 discs) – DVD. Sony Pictures. 2012-06-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20110124151407/http://www.sonypictures.com/homevideo/catalog/catalogDetail_DVD043396136076.html. January 24, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
  78. http://www.partizan.com/partizan/commercials/?doug_nichol Partizan – Commercials – Doug Nichol
  79. https://vimeo.com/40301704 Americlef - full version
  80. Web site: Wyclef Jean - Act 1. MTV. March 10, 2015. May 5, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080505010644/http://www.mtv.com/overdrive/?id=1576560&vid=195706. dead.
  81. Web site: MTV Act Blog. MTV. February 9, 2012. 2012-02-13. September 5, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080905203354/http://think.mtv.com/044FDFFFF009898BA00170098F67D/. dead.
  82. Web site: The Electric Company: Wyclef Jean Music Video: Electric City on Vimeo. Vimeo.com. 2009-01-19. 2012-12-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20121129141056/http://vimeo.com/2888798. November 29, 2012. dead. mdy-all.
  83. Web site: Wyclef Jean Guest Stars on 'Law & Order: SVU': Exclusive Sneak Peek. billboard.com. November 7, 2016. December 24, 2016. December 24, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161224230006/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7565692/wyclef-jean-law-order-svu-guest-sneak-peek-video. live.
  84. Web site: Wyclef Jean Drops Jaguar Land Rover N.A. CEO from Shoulders at After-Party. TMZ. November 16, 2021 . April 28, 2023. April 28, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230428035700/https://www.tmz.com/2021/11/16/wyclef-jean-drops-jaguar-land-rover-ceo-shoulders-party/. live.
  85. News: Los Angeles Times. Wyclef Jean’s memoir ‘Purpose’ is more about Lauryn Hill. May 22, 2021. May 22, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210522133723/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-xpm-2012-sep-19-la-et-ms-wyclef-jean-purpose-lauryn-hill-fugees-shadow-20120918-story.html. live.
  86. News: With a new EP out now and an album on the way, Wyclef Jean has a lot to celebrate. The Washington Post. May 22, 2021. March 29, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230329085904/https://www.washingtonpost.com/express/wp/2017/03/30/with-a-new-ep-out-and-an-album-on-the-way-wyclef-jean-has-a-lot-to-celebrate/. live.
  87. News: Ten books every Haitian-American should have on their holiday wishlist. The Haitian Times. May 22, 2021. May 22, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210522133725/https://haitiantimes.com/2020/12/08/ten-books-every-haitian-american-should-have-on-their-holiday-wishlist/. live.
  88. Web site: Wyclef Jean: I loved Lauryn Hill and my wife. 2012-09-17. Salon. en. 2019-06-21. February 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190220003056/https://www.salon.com/2012/09/17/wyclef_jean_i_loved_lauryn_hill_and_my_wife/. live.
  89. Web site: Fusha By Marie Claudinette Jean . January 13, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100119034029/http://myayiti.com/2008/09/fusha-by-marie-claudinette-jean/ . January 19, 2010 . dead . mdy-all .
  90. Wyclef Jean – Wyclef And Wife Renew Vows. Contactmusic.com. 2010-06-26. January 4, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100104115157/http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/wyclef-and-wife-renew-vows_1114517. live.
  91. Joseph, Raymond A. 2014. 'For whom the dogs spy:' Haiti: from the Duvalier Dictatorships to the Earthquake, Four Presidents, and Beyond. New York: Arcade Publishing.
  92. Web site: Wyclef Jean Appointed Haitian Goodwill Ambassador. XXLmag.com. October 19, 2007. January 13, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20080219033518/http://www.xxlmag.com/online/?p=15152. February 19, 2008. dead. mdy-all.
  93. Leffler . Rebecca . Inner City Blues . Filmmaker Magazine . Fall 2006 . IFP . January 13, 2022 . January 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220113200329/https://www.filmmakermagazine.com/archives/issues/fall2006/reports/inner_city.php . live .
  94. Web site: "Carnival III: The Fall and Rise of a Refugee" by Wyclef Jean on iTunes. iTunes. 2017-06-22. November 27, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171127073224/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/carnival-iii-the-fall-and-rise-of-a-refugee/id1249444526?app=itunes&ign-mpt=uo=4. live.
  95. Web site: ((Kaufman, Gil)). Kanye, Cam'ron, Game, Suge Knight Speak Out About "Hip-Hop Cops" In New Doc. MTV. March 22, 2006. 11 July 2022. July 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220715003102/https://www.mtv.com/news/1526809/kanye-camron-game-suge-knight-speak-out-about-hip-hop-cops-in-new-doc/. dead.
  96. Web site: 2020-11-23. Wyclef Jean. 2021-04-15. GRAMMY.com. en. April 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210418175727/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/wyclef-jean/9817. live.
  97. Web site: Haiti - Social : Wyclef Jean becomes Grand Officer of the National Order of Honor and Merit . Press . 21 July 2011 . Haiti Libre . 14 March 2016 . September 11, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160911162343/http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-3418-haiti-social-wyclef-jean-becomes-grand-officer-of-the-national-order-of-honor-and-merit.html . live .
  98. Web site: 2017-01-31. Wyclef Jean. 2020-10-17. New Jersey Hall of Fame. en-US. October 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201020031337/https://njhalloffame.org/hall-of-famers/2016-inductees/wyclef-jean/. live.

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