| Type: | Stadt |
| Image Coa: | DEU Wunsiedel COA.svg |
| Coordinates: | 50.0167°N 13°W |
| Image Plan: | Wunsiedel in WUN.svg |
| State: | Bayern |
| Region: | Upper Franconia |
| District: | Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge |
| Elevation: | 525 |
| Area: | 54.91 |
| Postal Code: | 95632 |
| Area Code: | 09232 |
| Licence: | WUN |
| Gemeindeschlüssel: | 09 4 79 169 |
| Mayor: | Nicolas Lahovnik[1] |
| Leader Term: | 2020 - 26 |
| Party: | CSU |
German: Wunsiedel|italic=no (pronounced as /de/; Northern Bavarian: Wåuṉsieḏl or Wousigl) is the seat of the Upper Franconian district of German: [[Wunsiedel (district)|Wunsiedel]]|italic=no in northeast Bavaria, Germany. The town is the birthplace of poet Jean Paul. It also became known for its annual German: Luisenburg|italic=no Festival and the Rudolf Hess Memorial March held there by Neo-Nazis until 2005.
German: Wunsiedel|italic=no lies in the Fichtel Mountains in the valley of the German: [[Röslau (river)|Röslau]]|italic=no at the foot of the German: [[Kösseine]]|italic=no Plateau.
German: Wunsiedel|italic=no was first mentioned in 1163 as the seat of a Latin: ministerialis, Adelbertus or Albert. The name probably originates from German: Wunne ('glades') and German: Sedel ('noble seat'). In 1285, Burgrave Friedrich III of Nuremberg received the fiefdom of the town from King Rudolph I of Habsburg. In 1326, German: Wunsiedel|italic=no was given town rights by Burgrave Friedrich IV and this was confirmed in 1328 by Emperor Louis the Bavarian. In 1430 Hans of German: [[Kotzau]]|italic=no defeated the Hussites in the Battle of German: Katharinenberg|italic=no, a low mountain immediately south of German: Wunsiedel|italic=no, and in 1652 Jobst of German: [[Schirnding]]|italic=no beat the Bohemians also on the German: [[Katharinenberg bei Wunsiedel|Katharinenberg]]|italic=no.
In the Middle Ages, German: Wunsiedel|italic=no was a centre of tin mining and achieved great economic importance through the manufacture of tin plate. In 1613, it became capital of the German: [[Sechsämterland]] — an area comparable in size to the modern district German: [[Wunsiedel (district)|Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge]]|italic=no. The bailiffs (German: [[Amtmänner]]) in German: [[Hohenberg an der Eger|Hohenberg]]|italic=no, German: [[Weißenstadt]]|italic=no, German: [[Kirchenlamitz]]|italic=no, German: [[Selb]]|italic=no and German: [[Thierstein (Fichtelgebirge)|Thierstein]]|italic=no were all subordinated to the high bailiff (German: Amtshauptmann) in German: Wunsiedel|italic=no.
German: Wunsiedel|italic=no was a part of the German: [[Hohenzollern]]|italic=no Principality of Bayreuth until 1791/92 when the last margrave, Karl Alexander, abdicated and the region was placed under Prussian administration. It was occupied for four years by Napoleon's troops and, in 1810, became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria.
Fires in 1476, 1547, 1607, 1636, 1644, 1646, 1657 and 1731 destroyed various parts of the town. After the last major fire in 1834, which razed two-thirds of German: Wunsiedel|italic=no, the town was rebuilt in a classicist style.
Birthplace of the nationalist student German: [[Karl Ludwig Sand]]|italic=no (October 5, 1795) who later went on to assassinate German: [[August von Kotzebue]]|italic=no, a famous conservative German playwright. Kotzebue's death was a direct result of his published ridicule of the student associations in general, however focusing harshest comments on the newly formed German: [[Burschenschaft]]en, student organizations that supported free institutions, a national German state, uncensored press. In addition, the affluent writer was appointed as Russia's "ambassador" (by Russia) making his death a certainty. In his role as ambassador, Kotzebue was accused as being a "spy" while his role as editor of a literature review magazine brought him accusation of outright plagiarism. In 1817 at the Wartburg Castle, during a gathering of students, the burning of his published works with those of other "enemies" brought him to the attention of the young Karl Sand. In retrospect, a case for post traumatic stress syndrome, as a complicating factor, could probably be made as Karl Sand witnessed, helplessly, the drowning of his good friend just months prior to the murder.
After World War II, German: Wunsiedel|italic=no was part of the American Zone and a German: Fluchtlingssuchstelle was installed at the German: Landratsamt at the German: Bezirksamtstrasse 8|italic=no.
In the late 1980s, the cemetery of German: Wunsiedel|italic=no became rather infamous after Adolf Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess, who had died in a Berlin prison on 17 August 1987, was buried there. In the years that followed, neo-nazi groups organized memorial marches on each 17 August. The number of participants rose from 120 in 1988 to more than 1,100 in 1990. The gatherings faced protests from anti-fascist groups. Neo-Nazi marches were banned in 1991.
Under the impression that the situation had "cooled down", the Bavarian Administrative Court permitted the gatherings again in 2001. The result was unexpected: neo-nazi groups managed to amass more and more people, the peak being reached in 2004, when over 4,500 participants from all over Europe assembled in German: Wunsiedel|italic=no. The anti-fascist initiative "German: Wunsiedel ist bunt, nicht braun" ('German: Wunsiedel|italic=no is colourful, not brown') organised a counter-demonstration with about 800 participants, decorating the city with rainbow flags and spraying the marchers with confetti. The initiative later received the German: Bündnispreis for commitment and bravery awarded by the German federal ministers German: [[Otto Schily]]|italic=no and German: [[Brigitte Zypries]]|italic=no.
In 2005, the memorial march was banned for the first time on the basis of article 130 of the German criminal code, which outlaws incitement of the people. A complaint against the ban was rejected by the Federal Constitutional Court. Nevertheless, more than 2,500 people met on August 20, 2005, to celebrate a Day of Democracy in German: Wunsiedel|italic=no.
The town decided to have the Hess grave removed in 2011. The family of Rudolf Hess arranged with the cemetery to have Hess’s remains exhumed, cremated and scattered at sea to deter any further pilgrimages to his grave. The gravestone with the words "German: Ich hab's gewagt" ('I have dared') was removed and destroyed.[2] Smaller neo-Nazi marches continued afterward, leading the human-rights group German: [[Rechts gegen Rechts]] to organise a charity drive whereby a certain sum of money would be donated to the organisation German: [[Exit (group)|Exit Deutschland]], which helps neo-Nazis leave the movement, for each meter marched.[3]
German: Wunsiedel|italic=no is governed by a mayor (German: Bürgermeister) and town council (German: Stadtrat) with 24 seats. Both are elected every four years. In the council, the CSU currently holds 13 seats, the SPD holds 7 seats, and the Greens 1 seat. The remaining 3 seats went to a free voters' association. Recent results are:
| 2002 | 2008 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CSU | 13 | 11 | |
| SPD | 7 | 5 | |
| Greens | 1 | 1 | |
| Free Voters | – | 3 | |
| Active Citizens | – | 3 | |
| Coloured List | – | 1 | |
| Voters Union/Free Citizens | 3 | – | |
| Total | 24 | 24 |
The town's borough includes the following villages (year of incorporation in brackets):
German: Bernstein (1978), Breitenbrunn, Furthammer, Göpfersgrün, Göringsreuth, Hauenreuth, Hildenbach (1978), Hildenmühle, [[Holenbrunn]] (1978), Johanneszeche, Juliushammer, Klause, Kösseinehaus, Krohenhammer, Luisenburg, Schneckenhammer, Schneckenmühle, [[Schönbrunn (Fichtelgebirge)|Schönbrunn]] (1975), Sinatengrün, Stemmasgrün, Stollenmühle, Valetsberg, Walkmühle, Wiesenmühle, Wintersberg, Wintersreuth|italic=no.
The economy of the town of German: Wunsiedel|italic=no is dominated by the chemical (paint works, Dronco), clothing, porcelain, glass, stonemasonry and construction industries. In addition several car dealerships have their headquarters in the town, of which German: Autowelt König has the most employees. Two breweries and various craft enterprises are based in German: Wunsiedel|italic=no. One popular export product is the herb-flavoured spirit German: [[Sechsämtertropfen]]. Unemployment at 7.6% is well above the Bavarian average. Wunsiedel Marble is quarried locally.
The state institutions in Wunsiedel are the district administrative office (German: Landratsamt), the finance office (German: Finanzamt), the survey office (German: Vermessungsamt), the magistrate's court (German: Amtsgericht), the office of agriculture and forests (German: Amt für Landwirtschaft und Forsten), the health insurance office (German: AOK-Direktion), the education office (German: Schulamt) and a police station.
In addition to the German: Fichtelgebirge|italic=no Hall and German: Fichtelgebirge|italic=no Stadium there is the town open-air swimming pool and sauna and the indoor pool. On the German: Katharinenberg|italic=no there is a youth hostel and a youth centre, recently renovated by the town. For recreation there is the area around the German: Wunsiedler Eisweiher (mini-golf. ninepins, rowing boats, tennis). As well as the sports facilities belonging to clubs there are also various children's play parks. On 21 December 2009 the largest climbing wall in North Bavaria was opened in the premises of the old sugar factory (German: Zuckerhut).
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany.
Wunsiedel is twinned with:
Torbalı, Turkey, since 1980
Mende, France, since 1980
Volterra, Italy, since 2006
Ostrov, Czech Republic, since 2009Regular events held in Wunsiedel include:
The B 303 federal road runs two kilometres to the south of Wunsiedel, which joins the A 9 motorway from Munich to Berlin near Bad Berneck (the B 303 is the east-west link between the Czech Republic and the A 9). The new A 93 from Hof to Regensburg runs in a north-south direction, with exits at the Wunsiedel junction or state road S 2177 Hof–Wunsiedel
The nearest train station, German: Wunsiedel–Holenbrunn, is located in the nearby village of Holenbrunn (about three kilometres away). The nearest regional station is in German: [[Marktredwitz]]|italic=no (on the main line from Munich via Regensburg, Hof and Nuremberg to Prague). There used to be branch lines from Holenbrunn via Wunsiedel and Tröstau to Leupoldsdorf and from Holenbrunn to Selb. These lines have now been closed and the trackbeds used as cycle paths in places.
Bus connections go from Wunsiedel Bus Station in all directions (German: Hof–Marktredwitz–Selb–Arzberg|italic=no).
There is a regional airport at Hof-Plauen (ca. 40km (30miles) from Wunsiedel).