List of World Heritage in Danger explained

The List of World Heritage in Danger is compiled by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) through the World Heritage Committee according to Article 11.4 of the World Heritage Convention,[1] which was established in 1972 to designate and manage World Heritage Sites. Entries in the list are threatened World Heritage Sites for the conservation of which major operations are required and for which "assistance has been requested".[2] The list is intended to increase international awareness of the threats and to encourage counteractive measures.[3] Threats to a site can be either proven imminent threats or potential dangers that could have adverse effects on a site.

In the case of natural sites, ascertained dangers include the serious decline in the population of an endangered or other valuable species or the deterioration of natural beauty or scientific value of a property caused by human activities such as logging, pollution, settlement, mining, agriculture and major public works. Ascertained dangers for cultural properties include serious deterioration of materials, structure, ornaments or architectural coherence and the loss of historical authenticity or cultural significance. Potential dangers for both cultural and natural sites include development projects, armed conflicts, insufficient management systems or changes in the legal protective status of the properties. In the case of cultural sites, gradual changes due to geology, climate or environment can also be potential dangers.[4]

Before a property is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, its condition is assessed and a potential programme for corrective measures is developed in cooperation with the State Party involved. The final decision about inscription is made by the committee. Financial support from the World Heritage Fund may be allocated by the committee for listed properties. The state of conservation is reviewed on a yearly basis, after which the committee may request additional measures, delete the property from the list if the threats have ceased or consider deletion from both the List of World Heritage in Danger and the World Heritage List.[4] Of the three former UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Dresden Elbe Valley and the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City were delisted after placement on the List of World Heritage in Danger while the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was directly delisted.[5] [6] Some sites have been designated as World Heritage Sites and World Heritage in Danger in the same year, such as the Church of the Nativity, traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Jesus.

In some cases, danger listing has sparked conservation efforts and prompted the release of funds, resulting in a positive development for sites such as the Galápagos Islands and Yellowstone National Park, both of which have subsequently been removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Despite this, the list itself and UNESCO's implementation of it have been the focus of criticism. In particular, States Parties and other stakeholders of World Heritage Sites have questioned the authority of the Committee to declare a site in danger without their consent. Until 1992, when UNESCO set a precedent by placing several sites on the danger list against their wishes, States Parties would have submitted a programme of corrective measures before a site could be listed. Instead of being used as intended, the List of World Heritage in Danger is perceived by some states as a black list and according to Christina Cameron, Professor at the School of Architecture, Canada Research Chair on Built Heritage, University of Montreal, has been used as political tool to get the attention of States Parties.[7] The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) notes that UNESCO has referenced the List of World Heritage in Danger (without actually listing the site) in a number of cases where the threat could be easily addressed by the State Party. The Union also argues that keeping a site listed as endangered over a long period is questionable and that other mechanisms for conservation should be sought in these cases.

, there are 56 entries (16 natural, 40 cultural) on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Arranged by the UNESCO regions, 23 of the listed sites are located in the Arab States, 14 in Africa, 6 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 6 in Asia and the Pacific, and 7 in Europe and North America. The majority of the endangered natural sites (11) are located in Africa.[8] [9] The list encompasses sites that have been identified as facing threats to their integrity, which could stem from natural disasters, armed conflict, neglect, pollution, unsustainable tourism, or other dangers. Among the sites, the impacts of armed conflict are evident in countries like Syria, with several sites including the Ancient City of Aleppo and the Ancient Villages of Northern Syria marked as endangered due to the Syrian Civil War. In Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo sees multiple listings due to threats like military conflict and environmental degradation affecting its national parks.[10]

Currently listed sites

Table legend

Name: as listed by the World Heritage Committee[11]

Location: at city or provincial level and country name, with coordinates; column sorts by state[12]

Criteria: the site was listed under

Area: in hectares and acres if provided by UNESCO

Year (WHS): the year the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List

Endangered: the year the site appeared on the List of World Heritage in Danger

Reason: threats to the site which prompted UNESCO to list it as in danger

NameImageLocationCriteriaArea
ha (acre)
Year (WHS)EndangeredReasonRefs
Abu MenaEgyAbusir,

30.8417°N 29.6639°W
Cultural:
(iv)
182ha19792001–Cave-ins in the area caused by the clay at the surface, which becomes semi-liquid when met with "excess water"[13] [14]
Air and Ténéré Natural ReservesNiger1Arlit Department,

18.2833°N 8°W
Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x)
7736000ha19911992–Jihadist insurgency and civil disturbance in the region as well as a reduction of wildlife population and degradation of the vegetation cover[15]
Ancient City of AleppoCultural:
(iii), (iv)
350ha19862013–Syrian Civil War, currently held by the government. Bombings continue threatening the site.[16]
Ancient City of BosraCultural:
(i), (iii), (vi)
19802013–Syrian Civil War, held by the government.[17]
Ancient City of DamascusCultural:
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)
86ha19792013–Syrian Civil War, rebel gunfire and mortar shelling, mainly from adjacent Jobar suburb endangers foundations.[18]
Ancient Villages of Northern SyriaCultural:
(iii), (iv), (v)
12290ha20112013–Syrian Civil War, some held by rebels. Reports of looting and demolitions by Islamist groups.[19]
Archaeological Site of CyreneLibJebel Akhdar,

Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (vi)
19822016–Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage.[20] [21]
Archaeological Site of Leptis MagnaLibKhoms,

Cultural:
(i), (ii), (iii)
19822016–Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage.[22]
Archaeological Site of SabrathaLibSabratha,

Cultural:
(iii)
19822016–Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage.[23]
Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat)IraqSalah ad Din,

35.4567°N 43.2625°W
Cultural:
(iii), (iv)
70ha20032003–A planned reservoir that would have partially flooded the site was suspended in the wake of the Iraq War by the new administration; lack of adequate protection.[24]
Chan Chan Archaeological ZonePerLa Libertad,

-8.1111°N -79.075°W
Cultural:
(i), (iii)
600ha19861986–Natural erosion[25] [26]
City of PotosíPotosí, Cultural:
(ii), (iv), (vi)
11810ha19872014–Continued mining has left the mountain porous and unstable, causing portions of the summit to collapse, also the target of future mining by the Bolivian Mining Corp. Recommendations to preserve the site have not been followed through.[27]
Coro and its PortVenFalcón,

11.4167°N -109°W
Cultural:
(iv), (v)
107ha19932005–Damage to a great number of structures due to heavy rain between November 2004 and February 2005 as well as the construction of a new monument, a beach walkway and an entrance gate to the city in the buffer zone which could have considerable impact on the value of the site[28]
Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-DinCultural:
(ii), (iv)
9ha20062013–Syrian Civil War, once held by Al-Nusra Front and other Islamist groups, reclaimed by Syrian Arab Army and Hezbollah fighters. Reports of damages and looting caused by Islamist groups was released by the government.[29]
Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan ValleyAfgBamyan,

34.8319°N 67.8267°W
Cultural:
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)
159ha20032003–Fragile conservation state due to abandonment, military action and dynamite explosions; causing dangers such as risk of collapse of Buddha niches, further deterioration of cave murals, looting and illicit excavations.[30]
East RennellSolomon IslandRennell and Bellona Province,

-11.6831°N 160.1831°W
Natural:
(ix)
37000ha19982013–Damage to the site due to logging and its effect on the local ecosystem[31]
Everglades National ParkUnited StatesFlorida,

25.3167°N -136°W
Natural:
(viii), (ix), (x)
592920ha19791993–2007, 2010–Damage due to Hurricane Andrew and deterioration of water flow and quality due to agricultural and urban development (1993); continued degradation of the site resulting in a loss of marine habitat and decline in marine species (2010)[32] [33]
PanColón Province,

9.5539°N -79.6558°W
Cultural:
(i), (iv)
19802012–Environmental factors, lack of maintenance and urban development[34] [35]
Garamba National ParkDemOrientale,

4°N 44°W
Natural:
(vii), (x)
500000ha19801984–1992, 1996–Reduction of northern white rhinoceros population (1984); poaching of two white rhinos, killing of three rangers and no plan for corrective measures by the authorities (1996)[36]
HatraIrqNineveh Governorate,

35.5881°N 42.7183°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)
324ha19852015–Damage inflicted to the property by the Islamic State (IS).[37] [38]
HebronPalHebron Governorate,

31.5242°N 35.1089°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iv), (vi)
20.6ha20172017–[39]
Historic Centre of OdesaOdesaOdesa,

Cultural:
(ii), (iv)
20232023–Russo-Ukrainian War[40] [41]
Kyiv

Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv Pechersk Lavra

KyivKyiv,

Cultural:
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
19902023–Russo-Ukrainian War[42]
L'viv – the Ensemble of the Historic CentreLvivLviv,

Cultural:
(ii), (v)
19982023–Russo-Ukrainian War
Historic Centre of ShakhrisyabzUzbQashqadaryo Region,

Cultural:
(iii), (iv)
240ha20002016–Destruction of buildings in its medieval neighbourhoods and continuing urban development.[43] [44]
Historic Centre of ViennaAut
Vienna,
48.2°N 38°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iv), (vi)
371ha20012017–New high-rise projects[45]
Historic Town of ZabīdYemAl Hudaydah,

14.2°N 62°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iv), (vi)
19932000–Deteriorating state of historic buildings, inscribed on request of the State Party[46]
Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of CaliforniaMexicoBaja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa and Nayarit,
Mexico
27.6333°N -145°W
Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x)
688558ha20052019–Imminent extinction of the vaquita, an endemic porpoise in the gulf[47] [48]
Kahuzi-Biega National ParkDemSouth Kivu
and Maniema,

-2.5°N 73°W
Natural:
(x)
600000ha19801997–Deforestation, hunting as well as war and civil strife[49]
Lake Turkana National ParksKen
3.0522°N 36.5036°W
Natural:
(viii), (x)
161485ha19972018–Impact of Ethiopia's Gilgel Gibe III Dam on the lake's flow and ecosystem[50] [51]
Landmarks of Ancient Kingdom of SabaAut
Marib,
Cultural:
(iii), (iv)
375.29ha20232023–Threats of destruction caused by the Yemeni Civil War.[52] [53]
Manovo-Gounda St Floris National ParkCenBamingui-Bangoran,

9°N 51°W
Natural:
(ix), (x)
1740000ha19881997–Illegal grazing and poaching, deteriorating security situation[54]
Minaret and Archaeological Remains of JamAfgGhōr,

34.3967°N 64.5161°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
70ha20022002–Lack of legal protection, lack of protection measure or management plan, poor condition of the site[55] [56]
Medieval Monuments in Kosovo
42.6611°N 20.2656°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
2.88ha20042006–March Pogrom, lack of legal protection and management; political instability and insecurity.[57]
Mount Nimba Strict Nature ReserveCotLola Prefecture,
*
*
7.6°N -31°W
Natural:
(ix), (x)
18000ha19811992–Iron ore mining concession on part of the World Heritage Site and influx of large number of refugees on the Guinean part of the site[58]
Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern MicronesiaMicronesiaTemwen Island,

Cultural:
(i), (iii), (iv), (vi)
76.7ha20162016–Continuing siltation of waterways contributing to overgrowth and undermining existing structures.[59] [60]
Niokolo-Koba National ParkSenTambacounda Region
and Kédougou Region,

13°N -52°W
Natural:
(x)
913000ha19812007–Degradation of property, low mammal population, management problems and impact of a proposed dam on the Gambia River[61]
Okapi Wildlife ReserveDem Orientale,

2°N 58°W
Natural:
(x)
1372625ha19961997–Looting of park facilities and killing of elephants as a result of an armed conflict in the area[62]
Old City of Jerusalem and its WallsJerusalem
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (vi)
- 1981 1982–Uncontrolled urban development, general deterioration of the state of conservation due to tourism and lack of maintenance.[63] [64] [65]
Old City of Sana'aYemSana'a Governorate,

15.3556°N 44.2081°W
Cultural:
(iv), (v), (vi)
19862015–Yemeni Civil War[66]
Old Town of GhadamèsLibGhadames,

Cultural:
(v)
19862016–Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage.[67]
Old Towns of DjennéMalDjenné,

Cultural:
(iii), (iv)
19882016–Regional insecurity, deteriorating state of the historic town, urbanization and erosion.[68] [69]
Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines – Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem, BattirPal
Battir,
31.7197°N 35.1306°W
Cultural:
(iv)(v)
349ha20142014–The Israeli West Bank barrier "may isolate farmers from fields they have cultivated for centuries".[70] [71]
Old Walled City of ShibamYemHadhramaut Governorate,

15.9269°N 48.6267°W
Cultural:
(iii), (iv), (v)
19822015–Potential threat from the armed conflict, compounding safeguarding and management problems already observed at the site
Rainforests of the AtsinananaMadEastern Madagascar,

-14.4667°N 91°W
Natural:
(ix), (x)
479660ha20072010–Illegal logging and hunting of endangered lemurs[72]
Rachid Karami International FairAut
Tripoli,
34.4395°N 35.8259°W
Cultural:
(ii)(iv)
72ha20232023–Threatened by lack of funds for maintenance due to the Lebanese liquidity crisis, urban development, and "its alarming state of conservation".[73] [74]
Río Plátano Biosphere ReserveHonLa Mosquitia,

Natural:
(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
19821996–2007, 2011–Logging, fishing and land occupation; poaching and the reduced capacity of the state to manage the site; largely due to the deterioration of law and to the presence of drug traffickers[75]
Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart AcacusLibFezzan,

Cultural:
(iii)
19852016–Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage.[76]
Saint Hilarion Monastery/Tell Umm AmerPalDeir al-Balah Governorate,
31.4473°N 34.3664°W
Cultural:
(ii)(iii)(iv)
1.33ha20242024Israel–Hamas war[77]
Samarra Archaeological CityIraqSalah ad Din,

Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
15058ha20072007–Security situation following the Iraq War and lack of state control for protection or management of the site[78]
Selous Game ReserveTanzaniaCoast, Morogoro, Lindi, Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions,,Natural:
(ix), (x)
5120000ha19822014–Exploration and extraction of minerals, large infrastructure projects[79]
Site of PalmyraCultural:
(i), (ii), (iv)
0.36ha19802013–Syrian Civil War, captured by the notoriously iconoclastic Islamic State terrorist organization (ISIS).[80]
TimbuktuMaliTimbuktu,
Timbuktu Region,

16.7733°N -2.9994°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iv), (v)
19882012–Threat of destruction by the Islamist groups like Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb, Ansar Dine and Boko Haram. Some monuments are now pillaged and destroyed.[81] [82]
Tomb of AskiaMaliGao,
Gao Region,

16.2897°N -0.0444°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
4.24ha20042012–Damaged by Islamist groups like Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb and Ansar Dine. Reported destroyed by Ansar Dine when they captured Timbuktu.[83]
Tropical Rainforest Heritage of SumatraIndonesiaSumatra,

-2.5°N 131°W
Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x)
2595124ha20042011–Poaching, illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, and plans to build roads through the site[84] [85]
Virunga National ParkDemNorth Kivu
and Orientale,

0.9167°N 39°W
Natural:
(vii), (viii), (x)
800000ha19791994–Deforestation and poaching as a result of the influx of refugees due to the Rwandan Civil War[86] [87]
Roșia Montană Mining LandscapeRomAlba County,

46.3061°N 23.1306°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
314.42ha20212021–Threats posed by plans to resume mining which would damage a major part of the inscribed Mining Landscape[88] [89]

Previously listed sites

There are a number of sites that were previously listed as being in danger, but they were later removed from the list after improvements in management and conservation. The Everglades National Park was listed from 1993 to 2007 and again since 2010; the Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve was listed from 1996 to 2007 and again since 2011. Both are therefore included in the list of currently listed sites (above).

NameImageLocationCriteriaArea
ha (acre)
Year (WHS)EndangeredReasonRefs
AngkorCultural:
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
19921992–2004Inscription initially limited to a three-year period (1993–1995) during which effective legal protection, boundary and buffer zones were to be established and international conservation efforts were to be monitored and coordinated; at the time of inscription, Cambodia was UN-controlled following the civil war in the 1980s.[90]
Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati MonasteryGeorImereti,

42.2622°N 42.7164°W
Cultural:
(iv)
7.87ha19942010–2017Major reconstruction project that will lead to irreversible interventions. The boundaries of the site was modified in 2017. Bagrati Cathedral was removed from the list of World Heritage Sites after its reconstruction. However, Gelati Monastery remained on the list.[91] [92]
Bahla FortCultural:
(iv)
19871988–2004Degradation of earth structures of the fort and of the oasis of Bahla[93] [94]
[95]
Bam and its Cultural LandscapeIranKerman,

29.1169°N 58.3686°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
20042004–2013Following the damage due to the 2003 Bam earthquake[96] [97]
Belize Barrier Reef Reserve SystemBelBelize, Stann Creek and Toledo

17.3167°N -119°W
Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x)
96300ha19962009–2018Mangrove cutting and excessive development[98] [99]
Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, BethlehemPal
Bethlehem,
31.7044°N 35.2075°W
Cultural:
(iv), (vi)
2.98ha20122012–2019Damage due to water leaks[100] [101] [102]
ButrintCultural:
(iii)
3980ha19921997–2005Damages due to management and conservation[103]
Cologne CathedralCultural:
(i), (ii), (iv)
19962004–2006High-rise building plan near the cathedral threatening to inflict damage to the integrity of the property; delisted after the building plan was halted and a buffer zone introduced[104]
Comoé National ParkCotZanzan,

9.1667°N -43°W
Natural:
(ix), (x)
1150000ha19832003–2017Civil unrest, poaching and lack of effective management mechanisms[105]
Djoudj National Bird SanctuaryNatural:
(vii), (x)
16000ha19811984–1988, 2000–2006Long term threat by construction plan for a down-stream dam (1984); delisted[106] (1988) as water supply to the park was insured by the construction of a sluice and a management plan was being prepared; relisted[107] (2000) due to environmental and economical threats posed by the introduced species Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes as well as issues with water management in the park[108]
[109]
Dresden Elbe ValleyCultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
1930ha20042006–2009Construction plans for the Waldschlösschen Bridge in the core area of the cultural landscape; removed from the list of World Heritage Sites in 2009 after construction commenced at the end of 2007[110]
DubrovnikCultural:
(i), (iii), (iv)
97ha19791991–1998Croatian War of Independence[111] [112]
[113]
Fort and Shalamar Gardens in LahorePakPunjab,

31.5903°N 74.3097°W
Cultural:
(i), (ii), (iii)
19812000–2012Destruction of historic water tanks in 1999 to widen a road and deteriorating perimeter walls of the Garden, listed on request of the Pakistan government[114]
Galápagos IslandsNatural:
(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
14066514ha19782007–2010Various threats including insufficient prevention of possibilities for the introduction of alien species, insufficient resource allocation for conservation agencies and park management, presence of a large number of illegal immigrants, rapid uncontrolled growth of tourism, fishing over-capacity and sports fishing[115]
Group of Monuments at HampiCultural:
(i), (iii), (iv)
19861999–2006Partial construction of two cable-suspended bridges within the protected archaeological areas of Hampi threatening the integrity and authenticity of the site[116]
Historical Monuments of MtskhetaGeorMtskheta-Mtianeti,

41.8422°N 44.7211°W
Cultural:
(iii), (iv)
19942009–2016Deterioration of stonework and frescoes, mismanagement and urban development[117]
Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter WorksChilTarapacá,

-20.2083°N -69.7944°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
20052005–2019Fragile nature of structures due to lack of maintenance for 40 years; also damage, vandalism and some dismantling; looting[118] [119]
Ichkeul National ParkNatural:
(x)
12600ha19801996–2006Construction of dams limiting the freshwater flow to the area and causing an increased salinity of the lake and the marshes as well as a decrease in the number of migrating bird populations[120]
Iguaçu National ParkNatural:
(vii), (x)
170086ha19861999–2001Illegally opened road ("Estrada do Colono", Portuguese for "Settler's Road") through the park, dams on the Iguazu River and helicopter flights.[121]
Kathmandu ValleyCultural:
(iii), (iv), (vi)
167ha19792003–2007Partial or substantial loss of the traditional elements of six out of seven monument zones and resulting general loss of authenticity and integrity of the whole property.[122]
Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile CityUnited KingdomLiverpool
England,

53.4067°N -2.8444°W
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
136ha20042012–2021Due to the proposed redevelopment of historic docklands known as Liverpool Waters, (including Bramley-Moore Dock stadium of Everton F.C.). Removed of World Heritage status in July 2021, due to the continued progress of the developments.[123] [124] [125]
Los Katíos National ParkNatural:
(ix), (x)
72000ha19942009–2015Deforestation, illegal fishing and hunting. Removed following significant improvements to Park management[126]
Manas Wildlife SanctuaryNatural:
(vii), (ix), (x)
39100ha19851992–2011Poaching, damage to the park's infrastructure and decrease in the population of some species particularly the Indian rhinoceros following an invasion by militants of the Bodo tribe in 1992[127]
[128]
Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of KotorCultural:
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
19791979–2003Damage following the earthquake from 15 April 1979[129] [130]
Ngorongoro Conservation AreaNatural:
(iv), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
19781984–1989Declining conservation status[131] [132]
[133]
Plitvice Lakes National ParkNatural:
(vii), (viii), (ix)
19200ha19791992–1997Potential threat due to the Croatian War of Independence[134]
Rice Terraces of the Philippine CordillerasPhiIfugao,

Cultural:
(iii), (iv), (v)
500000ha19952001–2012Absence of systematic monitoring programme or a comprehensive management plan[135]
Royal Palaces of AbomeyCultural:
(iii), (iv)
48ha19851985–2007General state of deterioration due to the elements and inappropriate restoration which are in conflict with the authenticity of the site[136] [137]
[138]
Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo MnaraTanKilwa District,

-8.9578°N 39.5228°W
Cultural:
(iii)
19812004–2014Continuing deterioration of the site due to various agents such as erosion or plants[139]
Rwenzori Mountains National ParkNatural:
(vii), (ix)
99600ha19941999–2004Security situation and lack of monitoring of a major part of the park[140]
Salonga National ParkDemÉquateur
and Bandundu Province,

-2°N 21°W
Natural:
(vii), (ix)
3600000ha19841999–2021Poaching and housing construction. Removed from the list in danger due to improvements in its state of conservation. [141]
[142]
Sangay National ParkNatural:
(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
271925ha19831992–2005Heavy poaching, illegal livestock grazing, encroachment and potential threat through a road construction project[143]
Simien National ParkEthAmhara Region,

13.1833°N 42°W
Natural:
(vii), (x)
22000ha19781996–2017Deterioration of population of Walia ibex[144]
Srebarna Nature ReserveNatural:
(x)
638ha19831992–2003Prevention of seasonal flooding and agricultural use causing a decline or disappearance of the water and passerine bird populations[145]
TimbuktuCultural:
(ii), (iv), (v)
19881990–2005Threat of sand encroachment[146] [147]
TipasaCultural:
(iii), (iv)
52ha19822002–2006Inadequate maintenance affecting the integrity of the site and its buffer zone[148] [149]
Tombs of Buganda Kings at KasubiUgandaKampala District,

Cultural:
(i), (iii), (iv), (vi)
27ha20012010–2023Destruction of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga, the main building of the site, by fire in March 2010. Removed from the list of World Heritage in Danger in 2023 after the structure was rebuilt.[150] [151]
Walled City of Baku with Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden TowerCultural:
(iv)
20002003–2009Damage sustained during the 2000 Baku earthquake, urban development and inadequate conservation efforts[152]
Wieliczka Salt MineCultural:
(iv)
969ha19781989–1998Humidity problem[153]
[154]
Yellowstone National ParkNatural:
(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
898349ha19781995–2003Ascertained dangers to Yellowstone cutthroat trout as well as sewage leakage and waste contamination in parts of the park; potential threats to water quantity and quality, past and proposed mining activities, a proposed control programme to eradicate brucellosis in the bison herds[155] [156]

References

General

External links

Notes and References

  1. Full title: Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
  2. Web site: Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage . UNESCO . 10 December 2010.
  3. Web site: List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 10 December 2010.
  4. Web site: Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention . January 2008 . UNESCO . 10 December 2010.
  5. Web site: Oman's Arabian Oryx Sanctuary: first site ever to be deleted from UNESCO's World Heritage List . UNESCO . 10 December 2010.
  6. Web site: Dresden is deleted from UNESCO's World Heritage List . UNESCO . 10 December 2010.
  7. Book: Thorsell . J. W. . Sawyer . Jacqueline . World heritage 20 years later . 5 September 2011 . illustrated . 1992 . . 978-2-8317-0109-7 . 23.
  8. Web site: List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 10 July 2019.
  9. Web site: World Heritage List Statistics . UNESCO . 10 July 2019.
  10. Web site: Centre . UNESCO World Heritage . UNESCO World Heritage Centre - List of World Heritage in Danger . 2 April 2024 . UNESCO World Heritage Centre . en.
  11. Web site: List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 10 December 2010.
  12. The Jerusalem site is not associated with a state by UNESCO and sorts as "Jerusalem".
  13. Web site: Abu Mena . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  14. Web site: Abu Mena–Threats to the Site (2001) . UNESCO . 27 August 2010.
  15. Web site: Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  16. Web site: Ancient City of Aleppo . . 17 August 2011.
  17. Web site: Ancient City of Bosra . . 17 August 2011.
  18. Web site: Ancient City of Damascus . . 17 August 2011.
  19. Web site: Ancient Villages of Northern Syria . . 17 August 2011.
  20. Web site: Archaeological Site of Cyrene . UNESCO . 17 July 2016.
  21. Web site: Libya's five World Heritage sites put on List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 13 July 2016 . 17 July 2016.
  22. Web site: Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna . UNESCO . 17 July 2016.
  23. Web site: Archaeological Site of Sabratha . UNESCO . 17 July 2016.
  24. Web site: Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat) . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  25. Web site: Chan Chan Archaeological Zone . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  26. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Tenth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 6.
  27. Web site: City of Potosí . whc.unesco.org . en . 30 March 2018.
  28. Web site: Coro and its Port . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  29. Web site: Crac des Chevaliers and Qal'at Salah El-Din . . 17 August 2011.
  30. Web site: Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  31. Web site: World Heritage Committee inscribes East Rennell on the List of World Heritage in Danger . World Heritage Committee. UNESCO . 13 August 2013.
  32. Web site: Everglades National Park . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  33. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Seventeenth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 20–21.
  34. Web site: Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo . UNESCO . 27 October 2012.
  35. Web site: Panamanian fortifications inscribed on List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 27 October 2012.
  36. Web site: Garamba National Park . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  37. Web site: The Iraqi site of Hatra added to the List of World Heritage in Danger . 14 July 2015 . World Heritage Committee. UNESCO.
  38. Web site: BAGHDAD: IS destroying another ancient site in Iraq | World | Macon.c… .
  39. Web site: World Heritage Committee inscribes new site and approves extension of existing site on UNESCO's World Heritage List . UNESCO . 7 July 2017.
  40. Web site: Historic Centre of Odesa . UNESCO . 25 January 2023.
  41. Web site: Odesa inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in the face of threats of destruction . UNESCO . 25 January 2023 . 25 January 2023.
  42. Web site: Ukraine: UNESCO sites of Kyiv and L'viv are inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO World Heritage Centre . 17 September 2023 . 17 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230917051748/https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2608 . live.
  43. Web site: Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz . UNESCO . 17 July 2016.
  44. Web site: Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz, Uzbekistan, added to List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 13 July 2016 . 17 July 2016.
  45. Web site: Historic Centre of Vienna inscribed on List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 6 July 2017.
  46. Web site: Historic Town of Zabid . UNESCO . 3 December 2010.
  47. Web site: Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California . UNESCO . 8 July 2019.
  48. Web site: The Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California (Mexico) inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 8 July 2019.
  49. Web site: Kahuzi-Biega National Park . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  50. Web site: Lake Turkana National Parks . UNESCO . 30 June 2018.
  51. Web site: Lake Turkana National Parks (Kenya) inscribed on List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 30 June 2018.
  52. Web site: Landmarks of the Ancient Kingdom of Saba, Marib . UNESCO . 25 January 2023.
  53. Web site: Landmarks of Ancient Kingdom of Saba, Marib (Yemen) added to UNESCO's World Heritage List . UNESCO . 25 January 2023.
  54. Web site: Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  55. Web site: Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  56. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Twenty-sixth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 55.
  57. Web site: Medieval Monuments in Kosovo . UNESCO . 3 December 2010.
  58. Web site: Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  59. Web site: Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia . UNESCO . 18 July 2016.
  60. Web site: Four sites inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List . UNESCO . 15 July 2016 . 18 July 2016.
  61. Web site: Niokolo-Koba National Park . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  62. Web site: Okapi Wildlife Reserve . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  63. Web site: Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  64. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Sixth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 10–12.
  65. Web site: UNESCO replies to allegations . UNESCO . 15 July 2011 . 20 October 2011.
  66. Web site: Yemen's Old City of Sana'a and Old Walled City of Shibam added to List of World Heritage in Danger . World Heritage Committee. UNESCO . 15 July 2015.
  67. Web site: Old Town of Ghadamès . UNESCO . 17 July 2016.
  68. Web site: Old Towns of Djenné . UNESCO . 17 July 2016.
  69. Web site: Mali's Old Towns of Djenné on List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 13 July 2016 . 17 July 2016.
  70. Web site: Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines – Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem, Battir . UNESCO . 25 February 2015.
  71. Web site: Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines - Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem, Battir, inscribed on World Heritage List and on List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 25 February 2015.
  72. Web site: Rainforests of the Atsinanana . UNESCO . 28 May 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110903171219/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1257 . 3 September 2011.
  73. Web site: Rachid Karami International Fair-Tripoli . UNESCO . 25 January 2023.
  74. Web site: The Rachid Karameh International Fair of Tripoli (Lebanon) inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List . UNESCO . 25 January 2023.
  75. Web site: Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve . UNESCO . 25 June 2011.
  76. Web site: Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus . UNESCO . 17 July 2016.
  77. Web site: Saint Hilarion Monastery/ Tell Umm Amer . 2024-07-26 . UNESCO.
  78. Web site: Samarra Archaeological City . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  79. Web site: Selous Game Reserve . UNESCO World Heritage Centre . en . 30 March 2018.
  80. Web site: Site of Palmyra . . 17 August 2011.
  81. Web site: Timbuktu . UNESCO . 27 October 2012.
  82. Web site: Heritage sites in northern Mali placed on List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 27 October 2012.
  83. Web site: Tomb of Askia . UNESCO . 27 October 2012.
  84. Web site: Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra . UNESCO . 25 June 2011.
  85. Web site: Danger listing for Indonesia's Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra . UNESCO . 26 July 2011.
  86. Web site: Virunga National Park . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  87. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Eighteenth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 21, 51.
  88. Web site: Roșia Montană Mining Landscape . UNESCO . 28 July 2021.
  89. Web site: Cultural sites in Africa, Arab Region, Asia, Europe, and Latin America inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List . UNESCO . 28 July 2021.
  90. Web site: Angkor . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  91. Web site: Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery . UNESCO . 3 December 2010.
  92. Web site: Gelati Monastery, Georgia, removed from UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 13 July 2017.
  93. Web site: Bahla Fort . UNESCO . 26 June 2010.
  94. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Twelfth session . UNESCO . 28 May 2010 . 19.
  95. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Eleventh session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 7 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120205165943/https://whc.unesco.org/archive/1987/sc-87-conf005-9e.pdf . 5 February 2012.
  96. Web site: Bam and its Cultural Landscape . UNESCO . 3 December 2010.
  97. Web site: World Heritage Committee removes the Iranian World Heritage site of Bam and its Cultural Landscape from danger listing . UNESCO . 13 July 2013.
  98. Web site: Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  99. Web site: Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 27 June 2018.
  100. Web site: Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem . UNESCO . 30 June 2012.
  101. Web site: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route in Bethlehem, Palestine, inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List along with sites from Israel, Palau, Indonesia and Morocco . UNESCO . 30 June 2012.
  102. Web site: The site of the Birthplace of Jesus in Bethlehem (Palestine) removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 7 July 2019.
  103. Web site: Butrint . UNESCO . 26 June 2010.
  104. Web site: Cologne Cathedral . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  105. Web site: Comoé National Park . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  106. From the List of World Heritage in Danger
  107. On the List of World Heritage in Danger
  108. Web site: Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  109. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Twelfth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 7, 16.
  110. Web site: Dresden Elbe Valley . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  111. Web site: Dubrovnik . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  112. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Fifteenth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 31.
  113. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Twenty-second session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 12–13.
  114. Web site: Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  115. Web site: Galápagos Islands . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  116. Web site: Group of Monuments at Hampi . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  117. Web site: Historical Monuments of Mtskheta . UNESCO . 3 December 2010.
  118. Web site: Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  119. Web site: The Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works site (Chile), removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 7 July 2019.
  120. Web site: Ichkeul National Park . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  121. Web site: Iguaçu National Park . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  122. Web site: Kathmandu Valley . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  123. News: 21 July 2021 . Liverpool stripped of Unesco World Heritage status . en-GB . BBC News . 21 July 2021.
  124. Web site: Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City . UNESCO . 27 October 2012.
  125. Web site: World Heritage Committee places Liverpool on List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 27 October 2012.
  126. Web site: Colombia's Los Katíos National Park removed from List of Heritage in Danger . World Heritage Committee. UNESCO. . 15 July 2015.
  127. Web site: Manas Wildlife Sanctuary . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  128. Web site: Successful preservation of India's Manas Wildlife Sanctuary enables withdrawal from the List of World Heritage in Danger . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  129. Web site: Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  130. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Third session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 13.
  131. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Eighth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 18.
  132. Web site: Ngorongoro Conservation Area . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  133. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Thirteenth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 14.
  134. Web site: Plitvice Lakes National Park . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  135. Web site: Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras . UNESCO . 28 June 2012.
  136. Web site: Royal Palaces of Abomey . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  137. Web site: Royal Palaces of Abomey: Advisory Body Evaluation . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  138. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Ninth session . UNESCO . 26 July 2011 . 7 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110920041148/https://whc.unesco.org/archive/1985/sc-85-conf008-9e.pdf . 20 September 2011 . dead .
  139. Web site: Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  140. Web site: Rwenzori Mountains National Park . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  141. Web site: Salonga National Park . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  142. Web site: Salonga National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo) removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger . 19 July 2021.
  143. Web site: Sangay National Park . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  144. Web site: Simien National Park . UNESCO . 1 August 2010.
  145. Web site: Srebarna Nature Reserve . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  146. Web site: Timbuktu . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  147. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Fourteenth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 8.
  148. Web site: Tipasa . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  149. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Twenty-sixth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 36–37.
  150. Web site: Unesco removes Ugandan kings' tombs from endangered heritage list . Africanews . 13 September 2023 . 12 April 2024.
  151. Web site: Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi . UNESCO . 28 May 2010.
  152. News: World Heritage Committee removes Baku from Danger List welcoming improvements in the ancient city's preservation . UNESCO . 25 June 2009 . 21 June 2016.
  153. Web site: Wieliczka Salt Mine . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  154. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Twenty-second session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 13.
  155. Web site: Yellowstone National Park . UNESCO . 26 June 2011.
  156. Web site: World Heritage Committee: Nineteenth session . UNESCO . 26 June 2011 . 18–19.