Oldest people explained

This is a list of tables of the oldest people in the world in ordinal ranks. To avoid including false or unconfirmed claims of old age, names here are restricted to those people whose ages have been validated by an international body dealing in longevity research, such as the Gerontology Research Group or Guinness World Records, and others who have otherwise been reliably sourced.

The longest documented and verified human lifespan is that of Jeanne Calment of France, a woman who lived to age 122 years and 164 days. As women live longer than men on average, women predominate in combined records. The longest lifespan for a man is that of Jiroemon Kimura of Japan (1897–2013), who lived to age 116 years and 54 days.

The oldest living person in the world whose age has been validated is -year-old Tomiko Itooka of Japan, born 23 May 1908. The oldest living verified man is -year-old John Tinniswood of the United Kingdom, born 26 August 1912.^[1]

Ten oldest verified people ever

Systematic verification of longevity has only been practiced since the 1950s and only in certain parts of the world. All ten oldest verified people ever are female.

The longest documented and verified human lifespan is that of Jeanne Calment of France, a woman who lived to age 122 years and 164 days.^[2] She received news media attention in 1985, after turning 110. Calment's claim was investigated and authenticated by Jean-Marie Robine and Dr. Michel Allard for the Gerontology Research Group (GRG).^[3] Her longevity claim was put into question in 2018, but the original assessing team stood by their judgement.^[4] Academics have hypothesized the existence of a number of blue zones around the world where people live longer than average.

Oldest people (all women)

Rank	Name	nowrap	Birth date	nowrap	Death date	Age	nowrap	Place of death or residence
1	data-sort-value="Calment"	Jeanne Calment	21 February 1875	4 August 1997		France
2	data-sort-value="Tanaka"	Kane Tanaka	2 January 1903	19 April 2022		Japan
3	data-sort-value="Knauss"	Sarah Knauss^[5]	24 September 1880	30 December 1999		United States
4	data-sort-value="Randon"	Lucile Randon	11 February 1904	17 January 2023		France
5	data-sort-value="Tajima"	Nabi Tajima	4 August 1900	21 April 2018		Japan
6	data-sort-value="Meilleur"	Marie-Louise Meilleur^[6]	29 August 1880	16 April 1998		Canada
7	data-sort-value="Brown"	Violet Brown	10 March 1900	15 September 2017		Jamaica
8	data-sort-value="Branyas"	Maria Branyas	4 March 1907	19 August 2024^[7]		Spain
9	data-sort-value="Morano"	Emma Morano	29 November 1899	15 April 2017		Italy
10	data-sort-value="Miyako"	Chiyo Miyako^[8]	2 May 1901	22 July 2018		Japan

Oldest men

Rank	Name	nowrap	Birth date	nowrap	Death date	Age	nowrap	Place of death or residence
1	data-sort-value="Kimura"	Jiroemon Kimura^[9]	19 April 1897	12 June 2013		Japan
2	data-sort-value="Mortensen"	Christian Mortensen	16 August 1882	25 April 1998		United States
3	data-sort-value="Mercado"	Emiliano Mercado del Toro	21 August 1891	24 January 2007		Puerto Rico
4	data-sort-value="Pérez"	Juan Vicente Pérez	27 May 1909	2 April 2024^[10]		Venezuela
5	data-sort-value="Celi"	Horacio Celi Mendoza	3 January 1897	25 September 2011		Peru
6	data-sort-value="Breuning"	Walter Breuning^[11]	21 September 1896	14 April 2011		United States
7	data-sort-value="Chuganji"	Yukichi Chuganji^[12]	23 March 1889	28 September 2003		Japan
8	data-sort-value="Pinales"	Tomás Pinales Figuereo	31 March 1906	24 September 2020		Dominican Republic
9	data-sort-value="Riudavets"	Joan Riudavets^[13]	15 December 1889	5 March 2004		Spain
10	data-sort-value="Hale"	Fred Harold Hale^[14]	1 December 1890	19 November 2004		United States

aBranyas was born in the United States.
bMortensen was born in Denmark.

Ten oldest living people

See main article: List of oldest living people.

Oldest living people

Rank	Name	Sex	nowrap	Birth date	nowrap	Age as of	nowrap	Place of residence
1	data-sort-value="Itooka"	Tomiko Itooka		23 May 1908		Japan
2	data-sort-value="Canabarro"	Inah Canabarro Lucas		8 June 1908		Brazil
3	data-sort-value="Francis"	Elizabeth Francis		25 July 1909		United States
4	data-sort-value="Caterham"	Ethel Caterham		21 August 1909		United Kingdom
5	data-sort-value="Hayashi"	Okagi Hayashi		2 September 1909		Japan
6	data-sort-value="Kretschmann"	Charlotte Kretschmann		3 December 1909		Germany
7	data-sort-value="Shiroishi"	Hisako Shiroishi		19 May 1910		Japan
8	data-sort-value="Tessier"	Marie-Rose Tessier		21 May 1910		France
9	data-sort-value"Martín"	Silveria Martín Díaz^[15]		20 June 1910		Spain
10	data-sort-value="Kondō"	Mine Kondō		1 September 1910		Japan

Oldest living men

Rank	Name	nowrap	Birth date	nowrap	Age as of	nowrap	Place of residence
1	data-sort-value="Tinniswood"	John Tinniswood	26 August 1912		United Kingdom
2	data-sort-value="Levino"	Josino Levino Ferreira^[16]	3 April 1913		Brazil
3	data-sort-value="Ciocan"	Ilie Ciocan	28 May 1913		Romania
4	data-sort-value="Weeks"	Ken Weeks	5 October 1913		Australia
5	data-sort-value="Orozco"	Hilario Orozco Lemus	3 November 1913		Mexico
	data-sort-value="Saldarriaga"	Julio Saldarriaga Hernandez			Colombia
7	data-sort-value="Olivieri"	Primo Olivieri	7 March 1914		Brazil
8	data-sort-value="Mizuno"	Kiyotaka Mizuno^[17]	14 March 1914		Japan
9	data-sort-value="Lovallo"	Vitantonio Lovallo	28 March 1914		Italy
10	data-sort-value="Kitazawa"	Katsuyoshi Kitazawa	30 March 1914		Japan

Chronological list of the oldest known living person since 1951

This table lists the sequence of the world's oldest known living person from 1951 to present, according to GRG research and the Guinness World Records. Due to the life expectancy difference between sexes, nearly all the oldest living people have been women (thus the maximum life span is guided by the female numbers); a sequence of the oldest living men is provided below the main list.

From	Duration	Name	Sex	Age(s) when oldest	Lifespan	nowrap	Place of death or residence
		data-sort-value="Woodman"	Lucy Woodman		N/A–109	nowrap	3 May 1841 – 28 April 1951	United States
28 April 1951		data-sort-value="Merriman"	Nancy Merriman^[18]		109–112	nowrap	19 December 1841 – 14 January 1954	United States
14 January 1954		data-sort-value="Baker"	Betsy Baker		111–113	nowrap	20 August 1842 – 24 October 1955	United States
24 October 1955		data-sort-value="Howell"	Jennie Howell		110–111	11 February 1845 – 16 December 1956	United States
16 December 1956		data-sort-value="Hansen"	Mathias Hansen Saether		108	21 October 1848 – 7 January 1957	Norway
7 January 1957		data-sort-value="Waller"	Catherine Waller^[19]		108–110	1 December 1848 – 4 January 1959	United States
4 January 1959		data-sort-value="Karnebeek"	Christina Karnebeek-Backs		109–110	2 October 1849 – 7 October 1959	Netherlands
7 October 1959		data-sort-value="Early"	Robert Early^[20]		109–111	8 October 1849 – 9 October 1960	United States
9 October 1960		data-sort-value="Minick"	Nettie Minick		109	3 April 1851 – 28 November 1960	United States
28 November 1960		data-sort-value="Kelly"	Mary Kelly		109–113	7 June 1851 – 30 December 1964	United States
30 December 1964		data-sort-value="King"	James King		110–112	15 November 1854 – 5 June 1967	United States
5 June 1967		data-sort-value="Rickman"	Narcissa Rickman^[21]		111–113	13 September 1855 – 21 October 1968	United States
21 October 1968		data-sort-value="Horigome"	Tome Horigome		111	22 January 1857 – 14 November 1968	Japan
14 November 1968		data-sort-value="Bernátková"	Marie Bernátková		111	22 October 1857 – 4 May 1969	Czechoslovakia
4 May 1969		data-sort-value="Shimada"	Haruno Shimada		111–112	24 December 1857 – 31 December 1969	Japan
31 December 1969		data-sort-value="Roe"	Ada Roe		111	6 February 1858 – 11 January 1970	United Kingdom
11 January 1970		data-sort-value="Harvey"	Kitty Harvey^[22]		109–112	12 January 1860 – 10 July 1972	United States
10 July 1972		data-sort-value="Salas"	Josefa Salas Mateo		111–112	14 July 1860 – 27 February 1973	Spain
27 February 1973		data-sort-value="Stevenson"	Alice Stevenson		111–112	10 July 1861 – 18 August 1973	United Kingdom
18 August 1973		data-sort-value="Crist"	Ettie Crist^[23]		111	14 February 1862 – 10 January 1974	United States
10 January 1974		data-sort-value="Entiope"	Laurence Entiope		111	9 December 1862 – 7 April 1974	France
7 April 1974		data-sort-value="Umeta"	Mito Umeta		111–112	27 March 1863 – 31 May 1975	Japan
31 May 1975		data-sort-value="Kawamoto"	Niwa Kawamoto^[24]		111–113	17 September 1863 – 16 November 1976	Japan
16 November 1976		data-sort-value="Coles"	Alice Coles^[25]		111–113	28 August 1865 – 5 November 1978	United States
5 November 1978		data-sort-value="Llovet"	Josefa Llovet		111–112	25 February 1867 – 29 June 1979	Spain
29 June 1979		data-sort-value="Underwood"	Eliza Underwood^[26]		112–113	15 March 1867 – 27 January 1981	United States
27 January 1981		data-sort-value="Tessier"	Augustine Tessier		112	2 January 1869 – 8 March 1981	France
8 March 1981		data-sort-value="Spencer"	Nellie Spencer		111–113	24 August 1869 – 13 November 1982	United States
13 November 1982		data-sort-value="Wilson"	Emma Wilson		112–113	12 May 1870 – 13 October 1983	United States
13 October 1983		data-sort-value="Holtz"	Augusta Holtz		112–115	3 August 1871 – 21 October 1986	United States
21 October 1986		data-sort-value="McKinney"	Mary McKinney		113	30 May 1873 – 2 February 1987	United States
2 February 1987		data-sort-value="Williams"	Anna Eliza Williams		113–114	2 June 1873 – 27 December 1987	United Kingdom
27 December 1987		data-sort-value="Knapp"	Florence Knapp		114	10 October 1873 – 11 January 1988	United States
11 January 1988		data-sort-value="Wiggins"	Easter Wiggins		113–116	1 June 1874 – 7 July 1990	United States
7 July 1990		data-sort-value="Calment"	Jeanne Calment		115–122	21 February 1875 – 4 August 1997	France
4 August 1997		data-sort-value="Meilleur"	Marie-Louise Meilleur		116–117	29 August 1880 – 16 April 1998	Canada
16 April 1998		data-sort-value="Knauss"	Sarah Knauss		117–119	nowrap	24 September 1880 – 30 December 1999	United States
30 December 1999		data-sort-value="Miller"	Ella Miller		115	6 December 1884 – 21 November 2000	United States
21 November 2000		data-sort-value="Brémont"	Marie Brémont		114–115	25 April 1886 – 6 June 2001	France
5 June 2001		data-sort-value="Farris"	Maud Farris-Luse^[27]		114–115	21 February 1887 – 18 March 2002	United States
18 March 2002		data-sort-value="Clawson"	Grace Clawson		114	15 November 1887 – 28 May 2002	United States
28 May 2002		data-sort-value="Domingues"	Adelina Domingues		114	19 February 1888 – 21 August 2002	United States
21 August 2002		data-sort-value="Harrington"	Mae Harrington		113	20 January 1889 – 29 December 2002	United States
29 December 2002		data-sort-value="Chuganji"	Yukichi Chuganji		113–114	23 March 1889 – 28 September 2003	Japan
28 September 2003		data-sort-value="Kawate"	Mitoyo Kawate		114	15 May 1889 – 13 November 2003	Japan
13 November 2003		data-sort-value="Iglesias"	Ramona Trinidad Iglesias Jordan^[28]		114	1 September 1889 – 29 May 2004	Puerto Rico
29 May 2004		data-sort-value="Capovilla"	María Capovilla		114–116	14 September 1889 – 27 August 2006	Ecuador
27 August 2006		data-sort-value="Bolden"	Elizabeth Bolden		116	15 August 1890 – 11 December 2006	United States
11 December 2006		data-sort-value="Mercado"	Emiliano Mercado del Toro		115	21 August 1891 – 24 January 2007	Puerto Rico
24 January 2007		data-sort-value="Tillman"	Emma Tillman		114	22 November 1892 – 28 January 2007	United States
29 January 2007		data-sort-value="Minagawa"	Yone Minagawa		114	4 January 1893 – 13 August 2007	Japan
13 August 2007		data-sort-value="Parker"	Edna Parker		114–115	20 April 1893 – 26 November 2008	United States
26 November 2008		data-sort-value="Jesus"	Maria de Jesus		115	10 September 1893 – 2 January 2009	Portugal
2 January 2009		data-sort-value="Baines"	Gertrude Baines		114–115	6 April 1894 – 11 September 2009	United States
11 September 2009		data-sort-value="Chinen"	Kama Chinen		114	10 May 1895 – 2 May 2010	Japan
2 May 2010		data-sort-value="Blanchard"	Eugénie Blanchard		114	16 February 1896 – 4 November 2010	France (Saint Barthélemy)
4 November 2010		data-sort-value="Nogueira"	Ana Nogueira de Luca^[29]		114	21 June 1896 – 18 November 2010	Brazil
18 November 2010		data-sort-value="Gomes"	Maria Gomes Valentim		114	9 July 1896 – 21 June 2011	Brazil
21 June 2011		data-sort-value="Cooper"	Besse Cooper		114–116	26 August 1896 – 4 December 2012	United States
4 December 2012		data-sort-value="Manfredini"	Dina Manfredini		115	4 April 1897 – 17 December 2012	United States
17 December 2012		data-sort-value="Kimura"	Jiroemon Kimura		115–116	19 April 1897 – 12 June 2013	Japan
12 June 2013		data-sort-value="Okawa"	Misao Okawa		115–117	5 March 1898 – 1 April 2015	Japan
31 March 2015		data-sort-value="Weaver"	Gertrude Weaver		116	4 July 1898 – 6 April 2015	United States
6 April 2015		data-sort-value="Talley"	Jeralean Talley		115–116	23 May 1899 – 17 June 2015	United States
17 June 2015		data-sort-value="Mushatt"	Susannah Mushatt Jones		115–116	6 July 1899 – 12 May 2016	United States
13 May 2016		data-sort-value="Morano"	Emma Morano		116–117	29 November 1899 – 15 April 2017	Italy
15 April 2017		data-sort-value="Brown"	Violet Brown		117	10 March 1900 – 15 September 2017	Jamaica
16 September 2017		data-sort-value="Tajima"	Nabi Tajima		117	4 August 1900 – 21 April 2018	Japan
21 April 2018		data-sort-value="Miyako"	Chiyo Miyako^[30]		116–117	2 May 1901 – 22 July 2018	Japan
22 July 2018		data-sort-value="Tanaka"	Kane Tanaka		115–119	2 January 1903 – 19 April 2022	Japan
19 April 2022		data-sort-value="Randon"	Lucile Randon		118	11 February 1904 – 17 January 2023	France
17 January 2023		data-sort-value="Branyas"	Maria Branyas		115–117	4 March 1907 – 19 August 2024	Spain
19 August 2024		data-sort-value="Itooka"	Tomiko Itooka		116*	Born 23 May 1908	Japan

Chronological list of the oldest living man since 1954

This table lists the sequence of the world's oldest known living man from 1954 to present.

From	Duration	Name	Age(s) when oldest	Lifespan	nowrap	Place of death or residence
		data-sort-value="Newell"	Wayland Newell^[31]	N/A–108	nowrap	15 September 1846 – 17 September 1954	United States
17 September 1954		data-sort-value="Hansen"	Mathias Hansen Saether	105–108	21 October 1848 – 7 January 1957	Norway
7 January 1957		data-sort-value="Early"	Robert Early	107–111	nowrap	8 October 1849 – 9 October 1960	United States
9 October 1960		Willem Kostering^[32]	108–109	22 November 1851 – 9 December 1960	Netherlands
9 December 1960		data-sort-value="Melvin"	Sylvester Melvin	109–110	nowrap	29 November 1851 – 12 March 1962	United States
12 March 1962		data-sort-value="Saint-Amour"	Joseph Saint-Amour	110	nowrap	26 February 1852 – 16 March 1962	Canada
16 March 1962		data-sort-value="Smith"	William Smith	108	28 February 1854 – 22 November 1962	United States
22 November 1962		data-sort-value="King"	James King	108–112	nowrap	15 November 1854 – 5 June 1967	United States
5 June 1967		data-sort-value="Turner"	John Mosley Turner	110–111	nowrap	15 June 1856 – 21 March 1968	United Kingdom
21 March 1968		data-sort-value="Lindsay"	Eli Lindsay^[33]	110	nowrap	28 February 1858 – 24 November 1968	Canada
24 November 1968		data-sort-value="Chaney"	John Chaney	109	12 October 1859 – 26 December 1968	United States
26 December 1968		data-sort-value="Lamb"	William Lamb	109	24 November 1859 – 22 April 1969	United States
22 April 1969		data-sort-value="Mladenović"	Antonije Mladenović	108–109	nowrap	30 June 1860 – 29 December 1969	Yugoslavia
29 December 1969		data-sort-value="May"	Theophilus May	108–110	nowrap	5 January 1861 – 2 December 1971	United States
2 December 1971		data-sort-value="Wedeking"	Friedrich Wedeking	109–110	nowrap	10 October 1862 – 5 May 1973	West Germany
5 May 1973		data-sort-value="Edwards"	Isaac Edwards^[34]	109–110	6 December 1863 – 18 October 1974	United States
18 October 1974		data-sort-value="Holt"	James Holt^[35]	108–111	25 December 1865 – 7 January 1977	United States
7 January 1977		data-sort-value="Teillet"	Jean Teillet	110	6 November 1866 – 17 March 1977	France
17 March 1977		data-sort-value="Nelson"	Charlie Nelson	109–110	nowrap	21 September 1867 – 20 August 1978	United States
20 August 1978		data-sort-value="Phillips"	Charlie Phillips^[36]	109–111	5 May 1869 – 5 September 1980	United States
5 September 1980		data-sort-value="Blackistone"	Zachariah Blackistone	109–111	16 February 1871 – 10 April 1982	United States
10 April 1982		data-sort-value="Nash"	James Nash	109–110	31 July 1872 – 4 March 1983	United States
4 March 1983		data-sort-value="Wilcox"	Walter Wilcox	110	1 November 1872 – 11 August 1983	United States
11 August 1983		data-sort-value="Pandazes"	Gregory Pandazes	110	15 January 1873 – 22 December 1983	United States
22 December 1983		data-sort-value="Davis"	Randolph Davis^[37]	110–111	15 October 1873 – 15 December 1984	United States
15 December 1984		data-sort-value="Thomas, Joe"	Joe Thomas	109–111	1 May 1875 – 14 December 1986	United States
14 December 1986		data-sort-value="Smith"	Herman Smith-Johannsen	111	15 June 1875 – 5 January 1987	Norway
5 January 1987		data-sort-value="Cole"	Alphaeus Philemon Cole	110–112	12 July 1876 – 25 November 1988	United States
25 November 1988		data-sort-value="Evans"	John Evans	111–112	19 August 1877 – 10 June 1990	United Kingdom
10 June 1990		data-sort-value="Pérignon"	Henri Pérignon	110	14 October 1879 – 18 June 1990	France
18 June 1990		data-sort-value="Wiggins"	James Wiggins	110–112	nowrap	15 October 1879 – 16 October 1991	United States
16 October 1991		data-sort-value="Frazier"	Frederick Frazier	111–113	27 January 1880 – 14 June 1993	United States
14 June 1993		data-sort-value="Armengol"	Josep Armengol Jover	111–112	23 July 1881 – 20 January 1994	Spain
20 January 1994		data-sort-value="Mortensen"	Christian Mortensen	111–115	16 August 1882 – 25 April 1998	United States
25 April 1998		data-sort-value="Richardson"	Walter Richardson	112–113	nowrap	7 November 1885 – 25 December 1998	United States
25 December 1998		data-sort-value="Ishizaki"	Denzō Ishizaki^[38]	112	2 October 1886 – 29 April 1999	Japan
29 April 1999		data-sort-value="Urrea"	Antonio Urrea Hernandez	111	16 February 1888 – 15 November 1999	Spain
15 November 1999		data-sort-value="Rivera"	Alejandro Rivera Santalla	111	28 August 1888 – 22 November 1999	Spain
22 November 1999		data-sort-value="Painter"	John Painter	111–112	20 September 1888 – 1 March 2001	United States
1 March 2001		data-sort-value="Todde"	Antonio Todde	112	22 January 1889 – 3 January 2002	Italy
3 January 2002		data-sort-value="Chuganji"	Yukichi Chuganji	112–114	23 March 1889 – 28 September 2003	Japan
28 September 2003		data-sort-value="Riudavets"	Joan Riudavets	113–114	15 December 1889 – 5 March 2004	Spain
5 March 2004		data-sort-value="Hale"	Fred Harold Hale	113	nowrap	1 December 1890 – 19 November 2004	United States
19 November 2004		data-sort-value="Mercado"	Emiliano Mercado del Toro	113–115	21 August 1891 – 24 January 2007	Puerto Rico
24 January 2007		data-sort-value="Tanabe"	Tomoji Tanabe	111–113	18 September 1895 – 19 June 2009	Japan
19 June 2009		data-sort-value="Allingham"	Henry Allingham	113	6 June 1896 – 18 July 2009	United Kingdom
18 July 2009		data-sort-value="Breuning"	Walter Breuning	112–114	21 September 1896 – 14 April 2011	United States
14 April 2011		data-sort-value="Celi"	Horacio Celi Mendoza	114	3 January 1897 – 25 September 2011	Peru
25 September 2011		data-sort-value="Kimura"	Jiroemon Kimura	114–116	19 April 1897 – 12 June 2013	Japan
11 June 2013		data-sort-value="Sanchez"	Salustiano Sanchez	112	8 June 1901 – 13 September 2013	United States
13 September 2013		data-sort-value="Peronneau"	Ernest Peronneau^[39]	111–112	7 March 1902 – 26 March 2014	United States
26 March 2014		data-sort-value="Licata"	Arturo Licata	111	2 May 1902 – 24 April 2014	Italy
24 April 2014		data-sort-value="Imich"	Alexander Imich	111	4 February 1903 – 8 June 2014	United States
8 June 2014		data-sort-value="Momoi"	Sakari Momoi	111–112	5 February 1903 – 5 July 2015	Japan
5 July 2015		data-sort-value="Koide"	Yasutaro Koide	112	13 March 1903 – 19 January 2016	Japan
18 January 2016		data-sort-value="Kristal"	Israel Kristal	112–113	15 September 1903 – 11 August 2017	Israel
11 August 2017		data-sort-value="Núñez"	Francisco Núñez Olivera	112–113	13 December 1904 – 29 January 2018	Spain
30 January 2018		data-sort-value="Nonaka"	Masazo Nonaka	112–113	25 July 1905 – 20 January 2019	Japan
20 January 2019		data-sort-value="Pinales"	Tomás Pinales Figuereo	112–114	31 March 1906 – 24 September 2020	Dominican Republic
24 September 2020		data-sort-value="Flores"	Emilio Flores Márquez	112–113	8 August 1908 – 12 August 2021	Puerto Rico
12 August 2021		data-sort-value="Fuente"	Saturnino de la Fuente García^[40]	112	11 February 1909 – 18 January 2022	Spain
18 January 2022		data-sort-value="Pérez"	Juan Vicente Pérez^[41]	112–114	27 May 1909 – 2 April 2024	Venezuela
2 April 2024		data-sort-value="Ping"	Shi Ping	112	1 November 1911 – 29 June 2024	China
29 June 2024		data-sort-value="Tinniswood"	John Tinniswood	111*	born 26 August 1912	United Kingdom

Notes and References

1. Web site: 2024-04-05 . Oldest man living . 2024-04-05 . Guinness World Records.
2. News: Whitney . Craig R. . 5 August 1997 . Jeanne Calment, World's Elder, Dies at 122 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20080403053404/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C01E7D7113DF936A3575BC0A961958260 . 3 April 2008 . 2 March 2008 . The New York Times.
3. Book: Robine . Jean-Marie . Jean-Marie Robine . Jeanne Calment: Validation of the Duration of Her Life . Allard . Michel . . 1999 . Odense . 1 April 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080629114759/http://www.demogr.mpg.de/books/odense/6/09.htm . 29 June 2008 . live.
4. Web site: 2019-09-19 . Jeanne Calment "rehabilitated" as world's oldest person ever . 2022-05-06 . Gerontology Research Group.
5. News: World's oldest person misses millennium . BBC . 31 December 1999 . 3 January 2016 . 7 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190807220135/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/584685.stm . live .
6. News: Marie-Louise Meilleur, 117; Listed as Oldest Person in World . . 18 April 1998 . 3 January 2016 . 5 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305070449/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/apr/18/news/mn-40557 . live .
7. Web site: 20 August 2024 . Maria Branyas, world's oldest person, dies aged 117 . 20 August 2024 . Catalan News Agency.
8. Web site: Oldest person title officially achieved by 117-year-old Chiyo Miyako before her death . 26 July 2018. 26 July 2018 . 25 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190725134521/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2018/7/oldest-person-title-officially-achieved-by-117-year-old-chiyo-miyako-before-her-d-534017 . live.
9. Web site: World's oldest man ever passes away aged 116 . . 12 June 2013. 3 January 2016 . 28 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190728220724/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2013/6/world%E2%80%99s-oldest-man-ever-passes-away-aged-116-49080. live.
10. Web site: World's Oldest Man Dies at 114 . Stefan . Maglov . LongeviQuest . 2 April 2024 . 2 April 2024.
11. http://www.greenfieldreporter.com/view/story/b7fbd86a47864232bdfd35e8ef9b2299/US--Obit-Worlds-Oldest-Man/ Walter Breuning, world's oldest man, dies in Montana at age 114
12. News: World's oldest man dies aged 114, BBC News, 29 September 2003. . . 29 September 2003 . 26 October 2016 . 12 November 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131112181610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3147888.stm . live.
13. News: Joan Riudavets-Moll, 114; World's Oldest Man. Los Angeles Times. 8 March 2004. 29 October 2016. 7 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160307184600/http://articles.latimes.com/2004/mar/08/local/me-joan8. live.
14. Web site: Oliver . Myrna . 2004-11-22 . Fred Hale, 113; World's Oldest Man Drove a Car Until Age 108 . 2023-06-14 . Los Angeles Times . en-US.
15. Web site: Silveria Martín Díaz . LongeviQuest . 8 October 2023 . 30 March 2024.
16. Web site: Josino Levino Ferreira . LongeviQuest . 28 January 2024 . 30 March 2024.
17. Web site: Kiyotaka Mizuno . LongeviQuest . 11 July 2024 . 14 July 2024.
18. Web site: Nancy Merriman . LongeviQuest . 6 October 2023 . 7 October 2023.
19. Web site: Catherine Waller . LongeviQuest . 2 October 2023 . 3 October 2023.
20. Web site: Robert Early . LongeviQuest . 29 May 2023 . 29 May 2023.
21. Web site: Narcissa Rickman . LongeviQuest . 23 May 2023 . 23 May 2023.
22. Web site: Kitty Harvey . LongeviQuest . 23 May 2023 . 24 May 2023.
23. Web site: Ettie Crist . LongeviQuest . 29 March 2023 . 7 April 2023.
24. Web site: Niwa Kawamoto . LongeviQuest . 23 May 2023 . 23 July 2023.
25. Web site: Alice Coles . LongeviQuest . 12 September 2023 . 12 September 2023.
26. Web site: Eliza Underwood . LongeviQuest . 25 October 2023 . 25 October 2023.
27. Web site: Maud Farris-Luse . LongeviQuest . 27 August 2023 . 27 August 2023.
28. Web site: Ramona Trinidad Iglesias Jordan . LongeviQuest . 13 August 2023 . 30 August 2023.
29. Web site: Ana Nogueira de Luca . LongeviQuest . 7 July 2023 . 8 July 2023.
30. Web site: Oldest person title officially achieved by 117-year-old Chiyo Miyako before her death . . 26 July 2018 . 26 July 2018 . 25 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190725134521/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2018/7/oldest-person-title-officially-achieved-by-117-year-old-chiyo-miyako-before-her-d-534017 . live.
31. Web site: Oldest validated centenarian by year . . 25 September 2007 . 24 April 2024.
32. News: 1960-12-09 . Opa Kostering overleden . 2024-04-21 . Algemeen Handelsblad.
33. Web site: Eli Lindsay . LongeviQuest . 13 August 2023 . 11 April 2024.
34. Web site: Isaac Edwards . LongeviQuest . 25 August 2023 . 25 August 2023.
35. Web site: James Holt . LongeviQuest . 11 October 2023 . 13 October 2023.
36. Web site: Charlie Phillips . LongeviQuest . 25 February 2024 . 25 February 2024.
37. Web site: Randolph Davis . LongeviQuest . 29 March 2024 . 30 March 2024.
38. Web site: Denzō Ishizaki . LongeviQuest . 22 July 2023 . 23 July 2023.
39. Web site: Ernest Peronneau . LongeviQuest . 14 October 2023 . 14 October 2023.
40. Web site: Saturnino de la Fuente García confirmed as oldest living man aged 112 . . 30 September 2021 . 30 September 2021 . 30 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210930024458/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2021/9/saturnino-de-la-fuente-garcia-is-the-oldest-living-man-aged-112-676753 . live.
41. Web site: World's oldest man living confirmed as Juan Vicente Pérez aged 112 . Sánchez . Luisa . . 17 May 2022 . 22 May 2022.