Working holiday visa explained

A working holiday visa is a residence permit that allows travellers to undertake employment (and sometimes study) in the country issuing the visa to supplement their travel funds. For many young people, holding a working holiday visa enables them to experience living in a foreign country without having to find work sponsorship in advance or go on an expensive university exchange program.

Most working holiday visas are offered under reciprocal agreements between certain countries to encourage travel and cultural exchange between their citizens.

There are often several restrictions on this type of visa:

• Many are intended for young travellers and, as such, have an age restriction (usually from 18 to 30 or 35).
• There are usually limits on the type of employment taken or the time the traveller can be employed.
• The visa holder is expected to have sufficient funds to live on while seeking employment.
• The visa holder should have some kind of health or travel insurance for the duration of the stay unless the country will cover it.

Countries and territories offering working holiday visas

About 70 countries signed bilateral Working Holiday program agreements:^{[1] [2]}

• Africa and Middle East:,
• Asia:,,,,,,,,,,,,
• Europe：,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
• North America：,
• Central America：
• Oceania:,,
• South America：,,,,,,

Andorra

• Citizens of Canada, Iceland, Ireland, Germany, South Korea and the United Kingdom aged 18 to 30 may apply for a 1-year Andorran working holiday visa in the Principality of Andorra.^{[3] [4]}

Argentina

• The working holiday visa allows a stay of up to 12 months and is available to citizens of Australia,^[5] Austria, Denmark, France,^[6] Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Japan,^[7] the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden in the Argentine Republic.^[8]
• The working holiday scheme between young people of Argentina and South Korea are aimed at both citizens interested in applying for a one-year visa to live, work, travel and is to begin in 2019.^[9]
• Argentina's Working Holiday Program provides opportunities for people aged between 18 and 30 years (inclusive) to holiday in República Argentina and to supplement their travel funds through incidental employment.^[10]

Australia

See main article: Working holidays in Australia.

• The Working Holiday Visa requires holders to abide by two conditions: First, they cannot work for the same employer for more than 6 months. Second, they cannot engage in any study or training for more than 4 months.^[11]
• Australia's Working Holiday program provides opportunities for people aged between 18 and 30 years to holiday in Australia and to supplement their travel funds through short-term employment. On November 1, 2018, Australia announced an increase in the age limit to 35 years for Irish and Canadian citizens (on July 1, 2019 for French citizens) applying for a Working Holiday Visa to Australia.^[12]
• The visa allows a stay of up to 12 months from the date of first entry to Australia, regardless of whether the holder spends the whole time in Australia. There is an optional 12-month extension available for individuals that have completed three months specified work in designated rural areas of Australia.
• As of July 1, 2019, Working Holiday Visa holders who undertake six-months of specified work in a specified regional area during their second year may be eligible for a third-year visa.^[12]
• Any kind of work of a temporary or casual nature is allowed, but work for more than six months with any one employer is usually not permitted. New rules allow Working Holiday Visa holders to work longer than six months with one employer.^[13]
• Working holiday visa holders are entitled to study or embark on a training course for a maximum of four months.
• Individuals may be subject to medical checks prior to coming to Australia particularly if seeking employment in healthcare or teaching. Applicants will be informed by the online application system if they require medical checks.
• The Australian working holiday visa is only available to eligible candidates once in a lifetime, although by undertaking work in a specified industry in regional Australia, it is possible to gain eligibility to an additional 12-month working holiday visa.^[14]
• Eligible countries for WHV Australia

Working Holiday Visa Subclass 417: Belgium, Canada, Republic of Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Republic of China, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Taiwan, United Kingdom United Kingdom and Northern Ireland.Work and Holiday Visa Subclass 462: Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, Israel, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, San Marino, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Uruguay, United States and Vietnam.

• Australia has reciprocal Working Holiday maker arrangements in effect with the United Kingdom, South Korea, Germany, Canada, the Netherlands, Japan, Taiwan, Ireland, Malta, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Hong Kong, Finland, Cyprus, France, Italy, Belgium, and Estonia Passport holders from these nations may apply for a Working Holiday Visa subclass 417 in Commonwealth of Australia.^[15]
• Passport holders from Argentina, China, Chile, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Greece, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Luxembourg, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, San Marino, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, United States, Uruguay, Vietnam and Hungary can apply for a work and holiday visa subclass 462,^[16] provided they have a tertiary education (except for individuals from the United States).
• New Zealand passport holders can work in Australia with few restrictions under the Trans-Tasman travel arrangement.^[17]
• On 15 June 2021, the United Kingdom and Australia reached an historic Free Trade Agreement.^[18] As part of the agreement, Working Holiday Visa rights for British Citizens in Australia have been expanded with the cut-off age being increased to 35 years old. In addition British citizens will no longer be required to perform agricultural work in order to be able to renew the visa, which will be able to be renewed twice for a maximum stay in Australia of three years.^[19]

Austria

• Citizens of Argentina,^[20] Australia,^[21] Canada,^[22] Chile,^[23] Hong Kong, India,^[24] Israel, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan and the United States aged 18–30 can apply for a 6-month and one year Austrian working holiday visa (which also permits study).^{[25] [26]}
• Austria currently has a Youth Workers Exchange Program called Swap available to Canada graduates aged between 18 and 30.^[27]

Belgium

• Citizens of Australia, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand and Taiwan aged 18–30 may be eligible for a 1-year Belgian working holiday visa in the Belgium Federal Public.^[28]
• As Belgium is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 2 year Belgian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in the Kingdom of Belgium during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[29]

Brazil

• Citizens of France, Germany and New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Brazilian working holiday visa^{[30] [31] [32]} in the Federative Republic of Brazil.^[33]
• A new exchange programme^[34] for young youths goes into citizens in sooner 2020 and gives opportunities a limited period of 1 or 2 years to stay, work, trip plus study with life's experiences.^{[35] [36] [37]}

Canada

• The International Experience Canada are now known as IEC (International Experience Canada) work permits.^[38]
• Citizens of Andorra, Australia,^[39] Austria, Belgium, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic,^[40] Denmark, Estonia,^[41] Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong SAR, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand,^[42] Norway, Poland, Portugal, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Ukraine and the United Kingdom are eligible for a Canadian working holiday visa, so long as they fulfill certain criteria which are specific to each country.^{[43] [44]}
• Citizens of the U.S. who are full-time students (or have been within the past 9 months) are eligible for 12-month working holiday permits if obtained through the intermediary organization SWAP.^[45]
• Citizens of Poland between the ages of 18 and 35 are eligible from 2009.^[46] Canada has also signed an agreement with Spain.^[47]
• Citizens of Ukraine between the ages of 18 and 25 are eligible from 2010. There are no restriction for applicants status (non-students).^[48]
• Age ranges are 18–30 for most countries; 18–35 for citizens of Australia, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal and Switzerland. Some countries' programmes specify that the applicant must be a full-time student; others do not, and some have separate programmes for students and non-students.^[49]
• The type of work allowed and the maximum duration of stay depends on the applicant's country of residence.^[50]
• Canada has a quota system. Candidate profiles are drawn at random from pools.^[51] This is because in many countries there are many applicants competing for a spot in a very limited period although many have argued that a lottery-type program would be fairer.^{[52] [53]}

There are "rounds of invitations" sent out on a regular basis, as long as there are spots available. If candidates receive an invitation to apply, they have 10 days ONLY to accept or decline it.^[54]

Chile

• Citizens^[55] of Australia,^[56] Austria,^[57] Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland,^[58] Ireland, Japan,^[59] New Zealand, Poland,^[60] Portugal,^[61] South Korea and Sweden aged 18–30 or 35 (in the case of Canada and Hungary) can apply for a 1-year Chilean working holiday visa.^[62] Also, if they can provide evidence of holding a medical and comprehensive hospitalisation insurance to remain in force throughout his/her stay in the Republic of Chile.^[63]
• Also citizens of Colombia, Mexico, Peru can apply to the Pacific Alliance (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru) work and holiday visa in the República de Chile.^[64]
• Chile and The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg signed a Working Holiday Agreement in July 2018.^[65]
• Chilean citizens up to 35 years old can apply for a "Young Professionals" visa in Switzerland, where they can stay up to 18 months working in a job related to their degree or vocational training. A job offer is required to apply for this visa.^[66]

Colombia

• Citizens of Chile, Mexico, or Peru can apply to the Pacific Alliance work and holiday visa^[67] valid for up to one year in República de Colombia.^[68]
• Citizens of France^[69] aged 18–30 can apply for a one-year Colombian working holiday visa in Colombia.^[70]

Costa Rica

• Citizens of Canada aged 18–35 are eligible for a working holiday visa in the Republic of Costa Rica, valid for up to 12 months.^[71]

Croatia

• Citizens of Canada, Chile^[72] and New Zealand aged 18–30 are eligible for a working holiday visa in the Republic of Croatia, valid for up to one year.^[73]

Cyprus

• Citizens of Australia aged 18 to 25 are eligible for a working holiday visa in Cyprus, valid for up to 1 year.^{[74] [75]}

Czech Republic

• Citizens of Australia,^[76] Canada,^[77] Chile,^[78] Israel,^[79] Japan,^[80] New Zealand, South Korea and Taiwan^[81] aged 18–30 or 35 (18-26 for Australians) can apply for a 1 or 2-year Czech working holiday visa in the Czech Republic.^[82]
• As the Czech Republic is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 2 year Czech working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the Czech Republic during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[83]

Denmark

• Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, New Zealand and South Korea Can apply for a 1-year Danish working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Denmark.^[84] Applicants must be between the ages of 18 and 30.
• As Denmark is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the one year Danish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Kongeriget Danmark during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's one year validity).^{[85] [86]}

Ecuador

• Citizens of Australia^[87] and France^[88] aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Ecuadorian working holiday visa in the Republic of Ecuador.

Estonia

• Under the Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of Estonia and Australia, Canada, Japan,^[89] and New Zealand visas are being issued, granting the right to work to 18–30 years old Australian, Canadian, New Zealander, who may stay in the Republic of Estonia for up to 1 year.^[90]
• From 2020, a Youth Mobility Program for young Estonians & Koreans took effect in .^[91]

Finland

• Citizens of Australia, Canada, (18-35)^[92] Japan,^[93] New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Finnish working holiday visa in Finland.^[94]
• The two States of Finnish & South Korean have agreed about the Working Holiday Visa Program and is going to take effect in from 2020.^[95]
• As Finland is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Finnish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the Republic of Finland during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[96]

France

• Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Hong Kong, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan and Uruguay, aged 18–30 (or 18-35 for Australia, Canada and Argentina passport holders) can apply for a 1-year French working holiday visa (Permis Vacances Travail, usually called PVT).^[97]
• As France is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year French working holiday residence permit allows the holder to stay and work in République française during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).
• Note that citizens of Albania, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Monaco, Montenegro, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Seychelles, Taiwan, Uruguay and the Vatican City, as well as British Nationals (Overseas), of any age who wish to work in France for up to 90 days can do so without a visa or work permit. Other foreign nationals who are ordinarily visa exempt may be able to work in France without a visa if a valid work permit is held prior to entry.^[98]

Georgia

• The state programme^[99] to work and travel are now available in Georgia.^[100]

Germany

• Citizens of Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), New Zealand, Taiwan and Uruguay aged between 18 and 30 may apply for a 1-year German working holiday visa.^[101]
• Citizens of Canada between 18 and 35 years of age may apply as well.^[102] There is no limit on the duration of employment, during the stay of up to 12 months. Evidence of sufficient funds for the first three months is required (i.e. 250 euro per month).
• Among other nationalities - the European Union, the European Economic Area, Australians, Canadians, Israeli, Japanese, South Koreans, New Zealanders, Swiss, and Americans can apply for a residence permit to remain in Bundesrepublik Deutschland if they find long-term work that they are uniquely qualified to do.^[103] This is subject to approval by the government employment office - Bundesagentur für Arbeit. (See §16 AufenthV^[104])
• As Germany is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1-year German working holiday residence permit allows the holder to stay and work in the Federal Republic of Germany during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[105]

Greece

• Citizens of Australia^[106] and Canada^[107] aged 18 to 30 can apply for a one-year Greek working holiday visa in the Hellenic Republic.^[108]
• As Greece is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Greek working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Greece during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[109]

Greenland

• There will be no reason not to do a sign of a working holiday program but is now not being around discussions at all between Greenland and South Korea.^{[110] [111] [112]}

Hong Kong

• Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government has the working holiday visa agreements with Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Korea, Sweden and the United Kingdom.^{[113] [114]}
• Agree to hold medical and comprehensive hospitalisation and liability insurance Separately, Hong Kong residents 18 to 30 ages who are British National (Overseas) can apply for UK Youth Mobility Scheme without sponsors.^[115]

Hungary

• Citizens of Argentina,^[116] Australia,^[117] Chile, Hong Kong,^[118] Japan,^[119] New Zealand, South Korea and Taiwan between the ages 18–30 and 35 may apply for a 1-year Hungarian working holiday visa in the Republic of Hungary.^[120]
• As Hungary is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Hungarian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the State of Hungary during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[121]

Iceland

• Citizens of Andorra, Canada, (2-year)^[122] Chile,^[58] Japan,^[123] and the United Kingdom (2-year)^[124] aged 18 to 30 may apply for a one-year Icelandic working holiday visa in the Republic of Iceland.^{[125] [126]}

India

• In the context of the Australia-India Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement, Australia has agreed to extend access to the Work and Holiday (subclass 462) visa to up to 1,000 Indian citizens each year.
• Within two years, Australia will put in place arrangements to allow eligible Indian citizens aged between 18 and 30 to apply for a Work and Holiday visa to visit Australia for one year and undertake short-term work and study while holidaying.
• As part of a new agreement with India, the UK government has agreed (albeit in a non-binding agreement) to participate in a scheme aimed at allowing increased mobility for a limited number of young people between India and the UK. It has some similarities to the existing Youth Mobility Scheme, and will allow up to 3,000 Indian nationals per year aged between 18 and 30 to come to the UK to live and work for a period of up to two years. In return, 3,000 UK nationals a year will be able to do the same in India.^{[127] [128]}
• An agreement of the Working Holiday Programme has signed by India and Austria.^{[129] [130]}

Indonesia

• Citizens of Australia aged 18–30 with functional Indonesian language skills and at least two years of university education can apply for a 12-month Work and Holiday visa in the Republic of Indonesia.^{[131] [132]}

Ireland

• Citizens of Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Chile, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, the U.S.^[133] and Uruguay aged 18–30 (inclusive) and of Australia aged 18–35 (inclusive) may be eligible for a one-year Irish working holiday visa in Ireland.^[134]
• Citizens of Canada between the ages of 18 and 35 are eligible for a two-year working holiday visa.^{[135] [136]}

Israel

• Citizens of Australia, Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Japan,^[137] New Zealand, South Korea and Taiwan^[138] between the ages of 18 and 30 can apply for a 1-year Israeli working holiday visa in the State of Israel.^{[139] [140]}

Italy

• Citizens of Australia, Canada,^[141] (18-35) Hong Kong,^{[142] [143]} Japan,^[144] New Zealand and South Korea aged between 18 and 30 can apply for a 1- year Italian working holiday visa in Repubblica Italiana.^[145]
• Citizens of Canada^[146] aged between 18 and 35 can apply for a two-year Italian working holiday visa in the Italian Republic.
• As Italy is a Schengen Agreement signatory the two year Italian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the Italian republic during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[147]

Japan

• Japan initiated its working holiday programmes with Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the Republic of Korea, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Norway, Portugal, Poland, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Spain, Argentina, Chile, Iceland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Sweden, Estonia, the Netherlands, Uruguay, Finland, Latvia, Italy, Israel, Malta and Luxembourg.^[148]
  • Japan's Working Holiday Programmes are designed to foster young people with global perspective and enhance friendly relationship between Japan and partner countries/regions by providing opportunities for the young people to deepen their understanding about partner countries/regions.
  • Japan's Working Holiday participants are allowed to work for a certain period of their stay in order to cover the cost of travel funds to travel and stay in partner countries/regions.
  • Citizens of the following 15 countries who are between the ages of 18 and 30 are eligible for the Working Holiday Programmes in the State of Japan:

Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, South Korea, Taiwan and the United Kingdom

• A one-year visa may be granted to citizens of Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, South Korea, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and the United Kingdom—with no extension possible. A six-month visa may be granted to citizens of Australia which can be extended twice and once for citizens of New Zealand and Canada.^[149]

Latvia

• Citizens of Australia,^[150] Canada,^[151] Japan,^[152] and New Zealand^[153] between the ages of 18 and 30 (18–35 for Canada) can apply for a 1-year Latvian working holiday visa in the Latvian Republic.^[154]
• From this 2020 a Youth Mobility Program for young Latvians & Koreans are going to take effect in .^[91]

Liechtenstein

• Unfortunately Citizens of South Korean Young People are not have entitled yet to their own any other types of Exchange Programs to spend up to a year in the Principality of Liechtenstein.^{[155] [156] [157] [158]}

Lithuania

• Citizens of Canada,^[159] Japan,^[160] New Zealand^[161] Ages of 18-30 or 35 inclusively on the date the application can get a 1-year Lithuanian working holiday visa.
• From this 2020 a Youth Mobility Program for young Lithuanians & Koreans are going to take effect in .^{[162] [91]}
• As the Republic of Lithuania is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Lithuanian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Lithuania during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[163]

Luxembourg

• The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg signed bilateral agreements with Australia,^[164] Canada,^{[165] [166]} Japan,^[167] New Zealand,^{[168] [169]} and Taiwan which allow a limited number of young citizens between 18 and 30 years of age from these countries to undertake a stay of one year in Luxembourg.^{[170] [171]}
• Luxembourg signed a Working Holiday Agreement with Chile in July 2018.^[65]
• signed.^{[172] [173] [174] [175]}

Malaysia

• Citizens of New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Malaysian working holiday visa in the Federation of Malaysia.^{[176] [177]}
• Citizens of Australia aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Malaysian working holiday visa under the work and holiday visa programme for the Federation of Malaysia.^{[178] [179]}
• University students in Malaysia aged 18 to 28 can apply for Winter and Summer Work Travel (under the J1-visa to the US).

Malta

• Citizens of Australia,^[180] Japan,^[181] New Zealand,^[182] and ^{[183] [184]} (on discussing)^[185] aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Maltese working holiday visa in the Republic of Malta.^[186]

Mexico

• Citizens of Canada,^[187] France,^[188] Germany,^[189] New Zealand,^[190] South Korea^[191] are eligible for a Mexican working holiday visa in Mexico valid for 1 year or some kind of 2 year. Applicants must be aged 18–29 and 30.
• Citizens of Chile, Colombia, Peru are eligible for the Pacific Alliance working holiday visa in the United Mexican States valid for 1 year to Chileans, Colombians, Peruvians aged 18–30.^{[192] [193]}

Monaco

• British citizens^[194] between the ages of 18 and 30 can apply for a two-year Monégasque working holiday visa in the Principality of Monaco.^{[195] [196]}

Mongolia

• Citizens of Australia^[197] aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Mongolian working holiday visa in Mongolia.^[198]

Netherlands

• Residents of countries within the European Union can come to reside in the Netherlands without a residence permit. Immigrants from some countries such as Australia, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand and the U.S.^[199]
• Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan and Uruguay between the ages of 18-30 are eligible for a 1-year Dutch working holiday visa in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.^[200]
• As the Netherlands is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Dutch working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the Netherlands during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^{[201] [202]}

New Zealand

• Available to citizens of the following 45 countries or regions:

Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile,^[203] China,^[204] Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay and Vietnam.^[205]

• No working holiday visa is required for Australia citizens. All Australian citizens, regardless of their age or education (but subject to being of good character), are granted a residence class visa at the border upon entering New Zealand by virtue of the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement.
• Citizens of Canada and the United Kingdom can work in New Zealand for up to 23 months on a working holiday visa; citizens of other countries can work up to 12 months.^[206]
• Citizens of most countries have to be at least 18 and not more than 30. However, Canada, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Finland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary have to be at least 18 and not more than 35 years old.
• Most travellers can enroll in one training or study course of up to three months duration during their visit. Australian citizens can study in New Zealand indefinitely.^[207]

Norway

• Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Japan and New Zealand who are between the ages of 18 and 30 (inclusive) are eligible for a one-time, Norwegian working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Norway.^{[208] [209]}
• Citizens of Canada who are the ages of 18-35 are eligible for a 1-year Nordic working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Norway.^[210]

Papua New Guinea

• Citizens of Australia aged 18–30 may be eligible for a 2-year Papua New Guinean working holiday visa in the Independent State of Papua New Guinea.^[211]

Peru

• Citizens of Chile,^[212] Colombia, Mexico are eligible for the Pacific Alliance working holiday visa in República del Perú.^[213]
• Citizens of Australia,^[214] France,^[215] New Zealand and Portugal^[216] aged 18–30 can apply for a one-year Peruvian working holiday visa in the Republic of Peru.^[217]

Philippines

• Citizens of New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Philippine working holiday visa in the Republic of the Philippines.^[218]

Poland

• Poland and South Korea have signed the working holiday visa program This agreement will start in April 2018 in both nations.^[219]
• Citizens of Canada Ages of 18 to 35 years old are eligible the Polish working holiday scheme in the Republic of Poland.^[46]
• Citizens of Argentina,^[220] Australia, Chile, Japan, New Zealand and Taiwan between 18 and 30 years old both inclusive at the time of application can apply for the Polish working holiday visa.^[221]
• As Poland is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 2 year Polish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in Rzeczpospolita Polska during the visa's period of validity as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's one year validity).^[222]

Portugal

• Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, New Zealand, Peru, South Korea and the United States aged 18 to 30 (18 to 35 for Canada) can apply for a two-year Portuguese working holiday visa in the Portuguese Republic.^[223]
• As Portugal is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 2 year Portuguese working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in República Portuguesa during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's one year validity).^{[224] [225]}

Romania

• The Romanian government has the working holiday programme agreement with the Republic of Korea thus citizens of South Korea^[226] between the ages of 18 and 30 year olds can apply for a 1-year Romanian working holiday visa in Romania.^{[227] [228]}

Russia

• Citizens of 400 French^[229] between the ages of 18 and 30 can apply for a four-month Russian working holiday visa in the Russian Federation.^[230] However, the work and holiday program is currently banned because of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

San Marino

• The working holiday visa of the Republic of San Marino is available to citizens of Australia,^[231] Canada,^[232] and the United Kingdom for up to one year.^{[233] [234]}

Singapore

• Undergraduate university students or recent graduates from universities in Australia, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland, United Kingdom or United States aged between 18 and 25 can apply for a 6-month Work Holiday Pass under Singapore's Work Holiday Programme. Uniquely, there are no stated restrictions on nationality, only that the applicant be a student or graduate from a university in the listed countries.^[235]
• Citizens of Australia aged between 18 and 30 with who have studied at university for at least 2 years may also apply for a 12-month visa under the Work and Holiday Visa Programme.^[236]
• The universities must be recognised by the university's home government.^{[237] [238]}

Slovakia

• Citizens of Australia,^[239] Canada, Japan,^[240] New Zealand and Taiwan aged 18–30 or 35 can apply for a 1-year Slovak working holiday visa in the Slovak Republic.
• The two nations of are in negotiations on a Working Holiday Program It will be signed in this 2020.^[241]
• As Slovakia is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 1 year Slovakian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in Slovenská republika during the visa's period of validity as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[242]

Slovenia

• Citizens of Argentina,^[243] Australia, (18-31)^[244] Canada, (18-35)^[245] New Zealand,^[246] and ^[247] (on discussing) aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Slovene working holiday visa in the Republic of Slovenia.
• As Slovenia is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 1 year Slovenian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in Republic of Slovenia during the visa's period of validity as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[248]

South Africa

• The Republic of South Africa, from where 17,000 young people previously visited the UK under the Working Holiday scheme, is also not part of the British Tier 5 Youth Mobility Scheme.^[249] However, university level students and recent graduates of any nationality are eligible to apply for a 6-month Internship in Britain through BUNAC (officially known as the BUNAC Blue Card Internship Programme).^[250]
• Canadian students may work in the Republic of South Africa for a 12-month period through Swap.^[251]

South Korea

• Citizens of Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Türkiye, UK, USA,^[252] Uzbekistan, Vietnam may do the Korea WHP.^[253]
• No quota to Australia, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Sweden.^{[254] [255]}
• The Korea^[256] with Brunei,^[257] Cambodia,^[258] Indonesia, Laos,^[259] Malaysia, Myanmar,^[260] Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam will join a WHS.^{[261] [262]}
• Note Youths of Argentina, Armenia,^[263] Austria, Azerbaijan,^[264] Brunei, Bulgaria,^[265] Cambodia, Cameroon, Chile, China,^[266] Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, (since 1965) Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco,^[267] Pakistan,^[268] Philippines, Poland, Qatar,^[269] Russia, Saudi Arabia,^[270] Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Tunisia,^[271] Türkiye, UAE,^[272] Vietnam can enjoy an IYE (International Youth Exchange) program.^[273]
• Notice If Countries/Territories/Groups in Abkhazia, Afghanistan,^[274] Akrotiri & Dhekelia, Alaska, Albania,^[275] Aleutian, Algeria,^[276] American Samoa, Anglesey, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, Appat, Aquidneck, Argentine Antarctica, Artsakh, Aruba, Ashmore & Cartier, Asmara, Ascension, ATO zone, Australian Antarctic Territory, Azores, Baccalieu, Baffin, the Bahamas, Bahrain,^[277] Baker, Bali, Bangladesh,^[278] Barbados, Belarus,^[279] Belize,^[280] Bell, Benin, Berlengas, Bermuda, Bhutan,^[281] Bissagos, Boa Vista, Bolivia, Bonaire, Bora Bora & Mo’orea, Borðoy, Borneo, Bosnia & Herzegovina,^[282] Botswana, Brava, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin, Buffer Zone, Burger King islands, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canary, Cape Breton, Cape Verde,^[283] CAR, Cayman, Central African Republic, Chad, Channel, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Clipperton, Comoros, Conanicut, Congo, DRCongo, Cook, Coral Sea, Corvo, Costa Rica, Crimea, Croatia, Cuba,^[284] Curacao, Cyprus, Northern Cyprus, Darfur, Desertas, Dominica, Dominican Republic,^[285] Djibouti, Easter, Ecuador, El Hierro, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia,^[286] Eysturoy, Faial, Falkland, Faroe, Fiji, Flores, Fogo, French Guiana, Polynesia, Southern & Antarctic Lands & West Indies, Fuerteventura, Fugloy, Funk, Gabon, Galápagos Province, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Graciosa, Gran Canaria, Greenland, Grenada, Gorno-Badakhshan, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala,^[287] Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,^[288] Hainan, Haiti,^[289] Harbor, Hawaii, Heard & McDonalds, Hebrides, Hestur, the Holy See, Honduras, Howland, Ibiza,^[290] Iceland, Iran,^[291] Iraq,^[292] Isle of Man, Scilly, Wight, Ivory Coast, Jamaica,^[293] Jan Mayen, Jarvis, Java, Jersey, Johnston, Jordan, Kahoʻolawe, Kangaroo, Kauai, Kazakhstan,^[294] Kellys, Kenya,^[295] Kiribati, Kish, Koltur, Kosovo,^[296] Kure, Kunoy, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan,^[297] La Gomera, Lagoon, Lanai, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Réunion, Lau Province, Lebanon, Lefkada, Lesotho, Lesser Antilles, Leticia, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Line, Lítla Dímun, Long, Luzon, North Macedonia,^[298] Madagascar, Madeira, Maio, Malawi, Maldives,^[299] Mali, Margarita, Mariana, Marshall, Martha's Vineyard, Matinicus, Martinique, Maui, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Micronesia, Midway, Mindoro, Minor Outlying, Moldova,^[300] Molokai, Monaco, Monhegan, Montenegro,^[301] Montserrat, Mount Athos, Mozambique, Mykines, Nagorno-Karabakh, Namibia, Nantucket, Nauru, Nepal,^[302] New Caledonia, Newfoundland & Labrador, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niihau, Niue, Northern Mariana, Nólsoy, Norfolk, Norway, Oahu, Oak, Oman,^[303] Orkney, Palau, Palawan, Palmyra, Papua New Guinea, State of Palestine,^[304] Panama, Paradise, Paraguay, Peloponnese, Peru, Peter I, Pico, Pitcairn, Porto Santo, Prudence, Puerto Rico, Punta Cana, Queen Maud, Random, Réunion, Ross Dependency, Rwanda, Saba, Sable & Sarawak, Sabah, Sahrawi Republic, Sal, Samoa, San Andrés, Sandoy, San Marino, Santa Luzia, Santa Maria, Santiago, Santo Antão, Sardinia, Senegal, Seychelles, São Jorge, São Nicolau, São Miguel, São Tomé & Príncipe, São Vicente, Savage, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Serbia,^[305] Shetland, Shoals, Skúvoy, Somalia, Somaliland, Solomon, South Africa, South Georgia & Sandwich, South Ossetia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka,^[306] St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Helena, St. Kitts & Nevis, (St. Christopher & Nevis)^[307] St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Martin, St. Michael's Mount, St. Peter & St Paul Archipelago, St. Pierre & Miquelon, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Stóra Dímun, Streymoy, Sudan, Sumatra, Suðuroy, Suriname, Surtsey, Svalbard, Svínoy, Switzerland, Syria,^[308] Tajikistan,^[309] Tanzania, Tasmania, Tenerife, Terceira, Tibet, Timor-Leste,^[310] Tioman, Togo, Tokelau, Transnistria, Trinidad & Tobago, Tristan da Cunha, Turks & Caicos, Tonga, Turkmenistan,^[311] Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vágar, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viðoy, Virgin, Wake, Wallis & Futuna,^[312] Yemen,^{[313] [314]} Zambia, Zimbabwe, African Union,^[315] Antarctica, Arab world, Atlantic Ocean, BRICS,^[316] CELAC,^[317] Central America, Central Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Mercosur,^[318] Middle East, MIKTA,^[319] North Africa, North America, Oceania, Pacific Ocean, Red Sea, South America, Southeast Asia, Sub Saharan Africa, United Nations^{[320] [321]} hopes to join the program may further expand as well as time goes by.^[273]

Spain

• Citizens of Australia,^[322] Japan,^[323] and New Zealand^[324] aged 18–30 can apply for a one-year Spanish working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Spain.
• Spain has signed an agreement with Canada^[325] called the "Youth Mobility Program" that allows 18 to 35 year olds to spend up to a year in Spain. The annual visa acceptance quota for this program is 1000.^[326]
• Citizens of Spain and South Korea have reached an agreement on a working holiday visa program will allow one-thousand young people from Korea and Spain to live, work, travel in the other country for up to a year and is also set to take effect in February or March 2018 after necessary procedures are carried out.^[327]
• As Spain is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Spanish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Spain during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[328]

Sweden

• The Swedish governments currently offers a working holiday visa program from outside the European Union countries to Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea and Uruguay passport holders for up to 1 year in the Kingdom of Sweden.^[329]
• As Sweden is a Schengen Agreement signatory the twenty four months Swedish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Konungariket Sverige during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).^[330]

Switzerland

• Citizens of Australia (18-30), Canada (aged 18–35),^[331] and Chile (18-30) can apply for a 1-year Swiss working holiday visa in Swiss Confederation.^{[332] [333]}

Taiwan

See main article: Visa policy of Taiwan.

• Since the program was launched, Taiwan has signed working holiday agreements with 18 countries, i.e., Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia, and the United Kingdom. As agreements may differ with regard to the quota of participants, age restrictions, and maximum duration of stay, foreign youth are advised to check the terms of the agreement that pertains to their home country and abide by Taiwan's laws and regulations.^{[334] [335]}

Thailand

• Citizens of Australia^[336] and New Zealand^[337] are eligible for a 1-year Thai working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Thailand.
• Applicants must be aged between 18 and 30, and have tertiary qualifications (full-time courses with at least 3 years of study).
• Applicants must have an Australian passport valid for at least 6 months or a New Zealand passport valid for at least 12 months, a return ticket or sufficient funds to purchase one, and funds of at least A$5,000 or NZ$7,000, and must be in good health and hold comprehensive medical insurance.
• Applications must be made at the Thai Embassy in Canberra or the Thai Consulate in Sydney for Australian nationals, or at the Thai Embassy in Wellington for New Zealand nationals.^[338]

Turkey

• The Turkish working holiday visa allows a stay of up to 12 months and is available to Australia and New Zealand citizens.^[339]
• Citizens of personal of Turks and Koreans have already been on actually participating for a work and holiday program in a row for a few years without an official sign of the arrangement so that it would be available to be allowed officially into force maybe later.^{[340] [341]}
• The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey's Working Holiday Program provides opportunities for young people aged between 18 and 30 years old (inclusive) to holiday in the Republic of Turkey and to supplement their travel funds through incidental employment.^[342]

Ukraine

• Citizens of Canada aged 18–25 can apply for a 1-year Ukrainian working holiday visa.^[343]

United Kingdom

• On 27 November 2008, a number of youth mobility schemes were combined into Tier 5 (Youth Mobility)^[344] as part of the Points-Based Immigration System.^[345] The previous Working Holidaymaker Scheme for Commonwealth nationals was merged with other schemes: au pairs, BUNAC, the Gap Year entrants concession, the Japan Youth Exchange Scheme and the concession for research assistants to MPs.^[346] Participating countries must offer a reciprocal scheme to young British nationals. The scheme has 13 participating countries: Andorra, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Japan, South Korea, Monaco, New Zealand, San Marino, Taiwan, Uruguay and British nationals^[347] who are not citizens of the UK including British Nationals (Overseas), British Overseas Territory Citizens and British Overseas Citizens can also apply in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
• The 24 month validity period runs continuously from the date from which the Entry Clearance is valid, regardless of any time spent travelling outside the UK. This period cannot be extended nor can it be put on hold.^[348], except for nationals of New Zealand, Australia and Canada who can apply to extend their visas for a third year.^[349]
• Although participants can undertake self-funded study while they are in the UK, either part-time or full-time, they cannot switch in the UK to student immigration status. Someone who wishes to stay longer in the UK to complete a full-time course must apply in their home country for a student visa. If someone does complete a course of study in the UK during their Tier 5 leave, they will not be eligible to switch to the Tier 1 (Post Study Work) scheme within the UK.^[350]

Uruguay

• The Uruguayan working holiday visa programmes allows a stay of up to 12 months and is available to Australia,^[351] France, Germany,^[352] Ireland,^[353] Japan,^[354] the Netherlands,^[355] New Zealand, Sweden,^[356] and the United Kingdom citizens in the Oriental-Eastern Republic of Uruguay.^[357]
• Uruguay's Working Holiday Program provides opportunities for people aged between 18 and 30 years (inclusive) to holiday in Uruguay and to supplement their travel funds through incidental employment.^[358]

Uzbekistan

• Citizens of individuals South Korean^[359] might be able to participates a sort of programs for healthcare, education, culture, tourism and including the working holiday soon in the Republic of Uzbekistan.^[360]

Vietnam

• The Vietnamese working holiday visa allows a stay of up to 1 year and is available to citizens of Australia^{[361] [362]} and New Zealand^[363] in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.^[364]
• ^{[365] [366]} 's WHP.^[367]

See also

• Gap year

Notes and References

1. Web site: The Working Holiday Program Around the World. pvtistes.net. 2020-01-03. 2020-01-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20200103172112/https://pvtistes.net/en/whv-around-the-world/. live.
2. Web site: Les destinations PVT (Programme Vacances-Travail). fr. 2023-09-22.
3. Web site: Work and Holiday.
4. Web site: Govern d'Andorra.
5. Web site: Consulate General in Sydney Working Holiday in Argentina!. 2021-10-12. csidn.cancilleria.gob.ar. 2021-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20211027074046/https://csidn.cancilleria.gob.ar/en/content/working-holiday-argentina. live.
6. Web site: PVT Argentine-France. Consulat d'Argentine en France. 2020-01-03. 2020-01-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20200103172121/https://efran.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/node/7476. live.
7. Web site: Japan-Argentina Summit Meeting. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 2017-05-23. 2017-06-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20170607154209/http://www.mofa.go.jp/la_c/sa/ar/page1e_000157.html. live.
8. Web site: Extranjeros Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto . 2024-02-29 . www.cancilleria.gob.ar . es.
9. Web site: Facebook. www.facebook.com. 2018-12-02. 2021-03-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20210307235126/https://www.facebook.com/CancilleriaARG/photos/a.1066889856706742/2054758234586561/?type=3&theater. live.
10. Web site: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto. www.cancilleria.gob.ar. 2021-05-22. 2021-05-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20210522112832/https://www.cancilleria.gob.ar/en. live.
11. Web site: Welcome to the Department of Home Affairs. Homeaffairs.gov.au. 2020-01-03. 2020-01-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20200103172112/https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/work-holiday-417/first-working-holiday-417. live.
12. Web site: Working Holiday Visa to Australia — What's new in 2018-19. pvtistes.net. July 2019. 2020-01-03. 2020-01-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20200103172115/https://pvtistes.net/en/working-holiday-visa-to-australia-whats-new-in-2018-19/. live.
13. Web site: Working Holiday Visa in Australia — How to Work More Than 6 Months for the Same Employer. pvtistes.net. 28 May 2019. 3 January 2020. 3 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200103172114/https://pvtistes.net/en/working-holiday-visa-australia-work-more-than-6-months-for-the-same-employer/. live.
14. Web site: Second Working Holiday visa. 3 January 2020. 3 January 2020. 3 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200103172124/https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/work-holiday-417/second-working-holiday-417. live.
15. Web site: Working Holiday visa (subclass 417). www.homeaffairs.gov.au. 2020-01-03. 2020-01-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20200103172112/https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/work-holiday-417/first-working-holiday-417. live.
16. Web site: Work and Holiday visa (subclass 462). www.homeaffairs.gov.au. 2020-01-03. 2020-01-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20200107185008/https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/visas/getting-a-visa/visa-listing/work-holiday-462. live.
17. Web site: Home. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 5 February 2016. 20 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210420144643/https://www.dfat.gov.au/. live.
18. Web site: UK-Australia Free Trade Agreement. 2021-06-16. GOV.UK. en. 2021-06-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20210616130531/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-australia-free-trade-agreement. live.
19. Web site: 2021-06-15. Farm, visa deals wins FTA. 2021-06-16. Australian Financial Review. en. 2021-06-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20210615095302/https://www.afr.com/world/europe/gold-standard-uk-australia-trade-deal-clinched-after-compromises-20210615-p58110. live.
20. Web site: Neues Working Holiday Programm Österreich-Argentinien. OTS.at. 2019-04-06. 2019-04-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406093530/https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20190405_OTS0031/neues-working-holiday-programm-oesterreich-argentinien. live.
21. Web site: Work and Holiday Visa Arrangement signed with Australia – BMEIA, Außenministerium Österreich . 2017-10-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171025022000/https://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/the-ministry/press/announcements/2017/10/working-holiday-programme-agreement-signed-with-australia/ . 2017-10-25 . dead .
22. Web site: Working Holiday Programme signed with Canada – BMEIA, Außenministerium Österreich. www.bmeia.gv.at. 2017-11-05. 2017-11-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20171107023850/https://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/the-ministry/press/announcements/2017/10/working-holiday-programme-signed-with-canada/. live.
23. Web site: Working Holiday Programme signed with Chile – BMEIA, Außenministerium Österreich. www.bmeia.gv.at. 2017-10-27. 2017-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20171027181139/https://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/the-ministry/press/announcements/2017/10/working-holiday-programme-signed-with-chile/. live.
24. Web site: Schallenberg: A Milestone in Relations with India – Signing the Migration and Mobility Agreement. Außenministerium der Republik. Österreich. www.bmeia.gv.at.
25. Web site: Working Holiday Antrag – BMEIA, Außenministerium Österreich. Außenministerium der Republik Österreich. 5 February 2016. 4 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114455/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/reise-aufenthalt/einreise-und-aufenthalt-in-oesterreich/working-holiday/working-holiday-antrag/. live.
26. Web site: Home – BMEIA, Außenministerium Österreich. Außenministerium der Republik Österreich. 5 February 2016. 4 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114551/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/home/. live.
27. Web site: Working holidays for Canadians, volunteer, teaching, cultural and language learning opportunities. SWAP. 5 February 2016. 4 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160204182356/http://www.swap.ca/. live.
28. Web site: Programme Vacances Travail | IBZ. dofi.ibz.be.
29. Web site: Homepage - Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation. 5 February 2016. 29 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160129171602/http://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/. live.
30. https://concordia.itamaraty.gov.br/detalhamento-acordo/7502 Agreement on a working holiday program between the government of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the government of the French Republic
31. https://concordia.itamaraty.gov.br/detalhamento-acordo/7570 Memorandum of understanding between the government of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the government of the Federal Republic of Germany on a working holiday program
32. https://concordia.itamaraty.gov.br/detalhamento-acordo/6214 Agreement on a working holiday program between the government of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the government of New Zealand
33. Web site: Informações sobre vistos para estrangeiros viajarem ao Brasil — Português (Brasil) . pt . Gov.br . 2021-12-07 . 2021-11-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211122235153/https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/assuntos/portal-consular/vistos/informacoes-sobre-vistos-para-estrangeiros-viajarem-ao-brasil . live .
34. Web site: 12th Korea-Brazil High-level Policy Consultation Takes Place ViewPress Releases Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea . 2024-02-29 . www.mofa.go.kr . ko-KR.
35. Web site: 영사서비스 이렇게 개선되었습니다!. 미주중앙일보. 5 January 2020 . 2020-04-14. 2020-09-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20200925081445/http://www.koreadaily.com/news/read.asp?art_id=7917159. live.
36. Web site: Governo Federal - Governo do Brasil.. Governo do Brasil. 2021-05-22. 2021-05-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20210513095057/https://www.gov.br/pt-br/pagina-inicial/. live.
37. Web site: Homepage. Ministério das Relações Exteriores. 2021-05-22. 2021-05-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20210522112817/https://www.gov.br/mre/en/homepage. live.
38. ✈ Phase 1 Guide - Canada Working Holiday Application Process. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/y2uiLOlK_2Y . 2021-12-21 . live. 1 April 2015. 5 February 2016. YouTube.
39. Web site: WHP Canada – Your Source Of Valuable Information's. www.whpcanada.org.au. 2007-04-06. 2017-11-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20171122180156/http://www.whpcanada.org.au/. live.
40. Web site: Embassy of Canada to Czech Republic . Canada.cz . 2014-07-14 . 2009-04-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090415071541/http://www.canada.cz/am3/asp/text.asp?pageID=7YRcLhlO&lang=3 . live .
41. Web site: Citizenship and Immigration Canada: International Experience Canada - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada : Expérience internationale Canada. 5 February 2016.
42. Web site: Working Holiday Program to Canada for New Zealanders. 2023-09-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20111112023319/http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/asia/whp/intro-en.asp. 2011-11-12. dead.
43. Web site: Citizenship and Immigration Canada: International Experience Canada - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada : Expérience internationale Canada. 5 February 2016.
44. Web site: For Non-Canadians - Travel and Work in Canada . International Experience Canada . 2014-03-12 . 2014-07-14 . 2014-07-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140713021017/http://www.international.gc.ca/experience/intro_incoming-intro_entrant.aspx?lang=eng . live .
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50. Web site: Canadian Immigration and Visas | Canada Working Holiday Program . Workpermit.com . 2014-07-14 . 2020-04-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200406041834/http://www.workpermit.com/canada/working_holiday.htm . live .
51. Web site: International Experience Canada 2020: the Working Holiday Permit . pvtistes.net . 2020-01-03 . 2020-01-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200103173858/https://pvtistes.net/en/working-holiday-in-canada-iec-2020/ . live .
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