Women in the Mongolian Parliament explained

Women's representation in Mongolian Parliament, The State Great Khural, has constantly increased over the years since the country's first democratic election in 1992. 17.1% (13 out of 76 seats) of the parliament are women as of 2016, which is the highest among seven parliamentary elections in Mongolia. However, it is still lower than the regional average of 19.7% and the world average of 23.4%. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Mongolia ranks at 115th together with Gabon (193 countries are classified by descending order of the percentage of women in the lower or single house).[1]

Mongolian female MPs have a tradition of working under an unofficial parliamentary group. Elected female members in 2016 (12 of 13 female MPs are from MPP and one is from DP) agreed to unofficially work as a team on social security issues related to children, women and families.[2]

Records

Election year Number of seats Number of women % of female seats in ParliamentFemale candidates% of female candidates
1973 33677 22.91
1977 354 82 23.16
1981 370 90 24.32
1986 370 92 24.86
1990 430 9 2.09
1992 76 3 3.94
1996 76 9 7.89
2000 76 8 10.52
2004 76 5 6.574016.4%
2008 763 3.946618.5%
2012 76 10 14.917432.0%
2016 76 13 17.112925.9%
2020761317.115124.9%

Legal basis

Article 126 of the Law on Election sets a quota for women candidacy. The revised electoral law obliges parties to include at least 20 per cent of women candidates.

Article 126.2 states that at least 20 percent of candidates nominated by a party or coalition shall be represented by one gender. This article was amended on May 5, 2016, by law.[3]

Women Parliamentarians elected in the 2020-2024 Parliamentary election of Mongolia

This year a total of 13 women parliamentarians were elected, and four were re-elected from the previous election.[4] [5]

Elected Female Parliamentarians 2020-2024 of Mongolia!#!Name!Party affiliation!Constituency
1Anujin Purev-OchirMongolian People's PartySonginokhairkhan District, Ulaanbaatar
2Adiyasuren AmgalanMongolian Democratic PartyBayankhongor Province
3Bayarsaikhan BaljinnyamMongolian People's PartyZavkhan Province
4Bulgantuya KhurelbaatarMongolian People's PartyBayankzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar
5Jargalmaa BadarchMongolian People's PartySonginokhairkhan District, Ulaanbaatar
6Munkhtsetseg GompildooMongolian People's PartyDundgobi Province, Ulaanbaatar
7Munkhtsetseg TserenjamtsMongolian People's PartySukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar
8Odontuya SaldanMongolian Democratic PartyBayangol District, Ulaanbaatar
9Oyunchimeg MunkhuuMongolian People's PartyChingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar
10Sarangerel DavaajantsanMongolian People's PartyKhan-Uul District, Ulaanbaatar
11Saranchimeg BatsukhMongolian People's PartyBayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar
12Undram ChinbatMongolian People's PartySelenge Province
13Unurbolor DamdinsurenMongolian People's PartySelenge Province

Historic representation

2016 election

In the 2016 parliamentary election, 13 women were elected from 151 women candidates (25.9 percent of the total candidates), representing 49 constituencies from 76 constituencies.

Before the 2016 election, the parliamentary law reduced the women quota from 30 percent to 20 percent and moved from proportional representation to the majoritarian system.

A total of 12 political parties and 3 coalitions all obliged the 20 percent of the women quota. Although all parties and coalition nominated more than the quota on women candidates, the main two parties, the Mongolian People's Party and Mongolian Democratic Party, all 13 women parliamentarians were from either party.

Women Parliamentarians 2016-2020 of Mongolia

NameParty affiliationUrban or rural
1Amarzaya NamsraiMongolian People's PartyUmnugobi Province
2Bilegt MagvanMongolian People's PartyBayankhongor Province
3Garamjav TsedenMongolian People's PartySonginokhairkhan District, Ulaanbaatar
4Munkhtsetseg GompildooMongolian People's PartyDornogobi and Gobisumber
5Narantuya ZagdkhuuMongolian Democratic PartyZavkhan Province
6Oyunchimeg MunkhuuMongolian People's PartyChingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar
7Oyundari Navaan-YundunMongolian People's PartySelenge Province
8Oyunkhorol DulamsurenMongolian People's PartyBayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar
9Saranchimeg  BatsukhMongolian People's PartyBayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar
10Sarangerel  DavaajantsanMongolian People's PartyKhan-Uul District, Ulaanbaatar
11Tsogzolmaa TsedenbalMongolian People's PartySukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar
12Undraa AgvaanluvsanMongolian People's PartyBayangol District, Ulaanbaatar
13Undarmaa BatbayarMongolian People's PartySonginokhairkhan District, Ulaanbaatar

2012 election

The election law was amended at the end of 2011[6] moved from majoritarian system to a "mixed member proportional system"[7] with the quota of 20% for women candidates.

In the 2012 Parliamentary election a total of 11 women parliamentarians were elected from 174 female candidates in the election, representing 32% (highest number of candidates) of the total candidates.

Women Parliamentarians of 2012-2016 Parliament

NameParty affiliation
1Oyunkhorol DulamsurenMongolian People's Party
2Uyanga Gantumur Justice Coalition
3Oyungerel TsedevdambaMongolian Democratic Party
4Erdenechimeg  LuvsanMongolian Democratic Party
5Odontuya SaldanMongolian Democratic Party
6Batchimeg MigeddorjMongolian Democratic Party
7Bayanselenge ZangadJustice Coalition
8Oyun SanjaasurenCivil Will Green Party
9Burmaa Radnaa Mongolian Democratic Party
10Saranchimeg  Batsukh Mongolian People's Party
11Udval Natsag Justice Coalition

2008 election

The number reduced to only 3 women parliamentarians, 4% of the total parliament.

The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party changed its name to Mongolian People's Party in 2010.

Women Parliamentarians of 2008-2012 Parliament

NameParty affiliation
1Arvin DashjamtsMongolian People's Revolutionary Party
2Oyun Sanjaasuren Civil Will Green Party
3Oyunkhorol Dulamsuren Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party

2004 election

The parliamentary election of 2004 only 5 women were elected out of 40 candidates, 16.4% of the total candidates.

Women Parliamentarians of 2004-2008 Parliament

NameParty affiliation
1Arvin DashjamtsMongolian People's Revolutionary Party
2Gandhi Tugsjargal Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
3Munkhtuya Budee Motherland Democratic Coalition
4Oyun Sanjaasuren Civil Will Green Party
5Tuya DanzandarjaaMotherland Democratic Coalition

2000 election

In the 2000 parliamentary election 9 women, 8 were from the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and Oyun Sanjaasuren from the Civil Will Party-Mongolian Green Party.

Women Parliamentarians of 2000-2004 Parliament

NameParty affiliation
1Altai DulbaaMongolian People's Revolutionary Party
2Arvin Dashjamts Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
3Bolormaa NordovMongolian People's Revolutionary Party
4Dolgor BadraaMongolian People's Revolutionary Party
5Gandhi Tugsjargal Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
6Gerelsuren  NansaljavMongolian People's Revolutionary Party
7Oyun Sanjaasuren Civil Will Party-Mongolian Green Party
8Oyunkhorol Dulamsuren Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
9Tuya DanzandarjaaMongolian People's Revolutionary Party

1996 election

There were 8 women parliamentarian members from 1996 to 2000.

When the Zorig Sanjaasuren was murdered in 1998, Oyun Sanjaasuren entered politics and won the by-election in her brother's constituency.

Enkhtuya Oidov established a women parliamentarians committee and started initiatives to work closely with women civil society organisations.

NameYears
1Arvin DashjamtsMongolian People's Revolutionary Party
2Enkhtuya OidovDemocratic Union Coalition
3Gandhi Tugsjargal Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
4Khulan KhasbatMongolian People's Revolutionary Party
5Narangerel  Rinchen Democratic Union Coalition
6Narantsetseg Unenburen Democratic Union Coalition
7Otgonbayar ChultemDemocratic Union Coalition
8Oyun Sanjaasuren Democratic Union Coalition

1992 election

In 1992 election total of 9 parties and one coalition joined the election. One of the women parliamentarians, Byambajav Janlav left the Parliament to join the Supreme Court of Mongolia, the highest court in Mongolia in 1995 before the term ended.

Women Parliamentarians of 1992-1996 Parliament

NameParty affiliation
1Munkhuu DorjMongolian People's Revolutionary Party
3Gandi TogsjargalMongolian People's Revolutionary Party
4Byambajav JanlavMongolian People's Revolutionary Party

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Women in Parliaments: World Classification. www.ipu.org.
  2. Web site: Bayarsaikhan . Dulguun . MP Ts.Tsogzolmaa speaks about newly formed cabinet and women's representation in Parliament . https://web.archive.org/web/20160807214412/http://theubpost.mn/2016/08/04/mp-ts-tsogzolmaa-speaks-about-newly-formed-cabinet-and-womens-representation-in-parliament/ . 2016-08-07.
  3. Web site: LAW ON ELECTION . gec.gov.mn.
  4. Web site: Home page | Parliament.
  5. Web site: Parliament .
  6. Web site: 2012-01-26. Mongolia: Election Law Amended, New Election System Adopted Global Legal Monitor. 2021-03-05. www.loc.gov.
  7. Web site: Dierkes. Julian. Clarification on Electoral Law Mongolia Focus. 2021-03-05. en-US.