Women in law in the United Kingdom explained

Prior to the 20th Century, there were few women in law in the United Kingdom. Prior to the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919, women were not permitted to practice law in the United Kingdom.^[1] By 1931 there were around 100 female solicitors. The first female-only law partnership was founded in 1933. In 2010, a report by The Lawyer found that 22 percent of partners at the UK's top 100 firms were women; a follow-up report in 2015 found that figure had not changed.^[2] Since 2014, a number of large corporate firms of solicitors have set gender diversity targets to increase the percentage of women within their partnerships.^{[3] [4] [5]} By 2019, 51% of British solicitors were women.

Background

Law degree

Eliza Orme was the first woman in the United Kingdom to obtain a law degree, in 1888.^{[6] [7]} She was not called to the English Bar until later in the 1920s after the first female pioneers. In 1889, Letitia Alice Walkington became the first woman to graduate with a degree of Bachelor of Laws in Great Britain or Ireland. In 1892, Cornelia Sorabji became the first woman to study law at Oxford University.^[8] Dorothy Bonarjee became the first female to earn a law degree from the University College London in 1917.^[9]

Barristers and solicitors

In 1903, Bertha Cave applied to join Gray's Inn; the application was ultimately rejected.^[10] In 1913, the Law Society refused to allow women to take legal exams; this was challenged in the Court of Appeal in the case of Bebb v The Law Society, where the Law Society's stance was upheld. The plaintiff in that case was Gwyneth Bebb, who was expected to be the first female to be called to the bar but died before that could happen.^{[11] [12]} The Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 received Royal Assent on 23 December 1919.^[13] The next day, Helena Normanton became the first woman to join an Inns of Court.^[14] Thus, in 1922, Ivy Williams was the first woman called to the bar (although she never practiced),^{[15] [16] [17] [18]} and Helena Normanton became the first practising female barrister in the UK.^{[19] [20] [21]} In September 2018 a barristers' chambers was renamed in her honour.^[22] Williams was also the first woman to teach law at an English university,^[15] In 2022, Jessikah Inaba became the first Black visually-impaired (female) barrister in the United Kingdom.^[23]

Regarding solicitors, Madge Easton Anderson became the first female solicitor in the United Kingdom in 1920 upon being admitted to practice law in Scotland.^[24] In 1922, Carrie Morrison, Mary Pickup, Mary Sykes, and Maud Crofts became the first women in England to qualify as solicitors; Morrison was the first of them admitted as a solicitor.^[25] Kathleen Hoahing became the first female to qualify as a solicitor in Britain in 1927, though she would relocate soon afterwards to China.^{[26] [27] [28]}

Senior advocate or barrister

Helena Normanton and Rose Heilbron became the first two female barristers to be appointed King's Counsel in 1949.^[29] Heibron was also the first woman to achieve a first class honours degree in law at the University of Liverpool (in 1935), England's first woman judge as Recorder of Burnley (in 1956), the first woman to sit as a judge in the Old Bailey (in 1972), and the second female High Court judge (in 1974). Patricia Scotland was the first Black female to become a Queen's Counsel in the United Kingdom in 1991,^[30] and whereas Kim Hollis became the first Asian female barrister to become Queen's Counsel in 2002 in the United Kingdom.^[31]

Law society

In 2002, the Law Society appointed its first female President, Carolyn Kirby. In 2021, Stephanie Boyce became the first Black female President of the Law Society.^[32] In 2022, Lubna Shuja became the first Asian and Muslim (female) President of the Law Society.^[33]

Judicial officers

Upon the passing of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919, the following seven women became the first Justices of the Peace: Lady Crewe, Lady Londonderry, Margaret Lloyd George, Gertrude Tuckwell, Mary (Mrs Humphry) Ward, Elizabeth Haldane, and Beatrice Webb.^[34]

Elizabeth Lane (1940) became the first female County Court judge (1962), and the first English High Court judge (1965).^{[35] [36]} Although not a barrister, Pauline Henriques became the United Kingdom's first Black female magistrate in 1966.^[37] Chand Lal-Sarin became Britain's first female magistrate of Indian-origin in 1970.^[38] In 1978, Heilbron became the first woman to become the Presiding Judge of any Circuit when she was appointed to the Northern Circuit. Linda Dobbs became the first Black (female) High Court judge in 2004. In 2015, Bobbie Cheema-Grubb became the first Asian (female) High Court judge^[39] In 2020, Raffia Arshad became the first hijab-wearing court judge in the United Kingdom.^[40]

Baroness Hale became the first female Justice (2009) and President (2017) of the Supreme Court.^{[41] [42]} She was also the first female to become a Law Lord in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 2004.

Key Women in UK Law

England and Wales

• Emily Duncan:^[43] First female Justice of the Peace in England (1912)
• Ada Summers:^[44] First female to officially become a Justice of the Peace (magistrate) in the United Kingdom (England; 1920)
• Agnes Twiston Hughes (1923):^[45] First female solicitor in Wales
• Maria Alice Phillips (née Westell) (1923):^[46] First Jewish female barrister in England and Wales
• Sybil Campbell (1922):^{[47] [48] [49]} First female judge (appointed as a magistrate) in England (1945)
• Rose Heilbron (1939):^[50] First female appointed as a Judge of the Central Criminal Court of England and Wales (Old Bailey) (1972)
• Heather Hallett, Baroness Hallett:^[51] First female to serve as the Chair of the General Council of the Bar (1997)
• Harriet Harman (c. 1978):^[52] First female appointed as the Solicitor-General of England and Wales (2001)
• Barbara Mensah:^[53] First British-Ghanaian (female) to serve as a circuit court judge in England and Wales (2005)
• June Venters:^[54] First female solicitor to become Queen's Counsel (QC) in England and Wales (2006)

Northern Ireland

• Sheelagh Murnaghan (1947):^{[55] [56]} First female barrister in Northern Ireland
• Eilis McDermott (1974):^{[57] [58] [59]} First female lawyer to become a Queen's Counsel (QC) in Northern Ireland
• Corinne Philpott (1977):^{[60] [61]} First female judge in Northern Ireland (upon her appointment as a County Court Judge in 1998)
• Denise McBride (1988) and Siobhan Keegan (1993):^{[62] [63] [64]} First females appointed as Judges of the High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland (2015)
• Siobhan Keegan (1993):^[65] First female Chief Justice of the High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland (2021)
• Patricia Scotland (1977):^[66] First female appointed as the Attorney General of England, Wales and Northern Ireland (2007)

Scotland

• Eveline MacLaren and Josephine Gordon Stuart:^{[67] [68]} First female law graduates in Scotland. They both obtained an LLB degree in 1909 from the Faculty of Law at Edinburgh Law School.
• Margaret Kidd (1923):^[69] First female member admitted to the Scottish Bar
• Hazel Cosgrove, Lady Cosgrove (c. 1966):^[70] First female appointed as a Judge in the College of Justice (1996)
• Lynda Clark, Baroness Clark of Calton:^[71] First (female) to serve as the Advocate General for Scotland (1999)
• Elish Angiolini (1983):^[72] First female lawyer to become the Solicitor General for Scotland (2001) and Lord Advocate of Scotland (2006)

Other notable figures in Scotland

• Leeona Dorrian, Lady Dorrian - Lord Justice Clerk, the second most senior judge in Scotland.
• Anne Smith, Lady Smith - High Court Judge and Senator of the College of Justice.
• Ann Paton, Lady Paton - High Court Judge and Senator of the College of Justice. Currently Scotland's longest-serving female judge.
• Valerie Stacey, Lady Stacey - Supreme Court Judge and Senator of the College of Justice. The first woman elected Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Advocates.^[73]
• Maggie Scott, Lady Scott - Abdelbaset al-Megrahi's lead counsel, a Judge and Senator of the College of Justice.
• Morag Wise, Lady Wise - Supreme Court Judge and Senator of the College of Justice.
• Rita Rae, Lady Rae - Supreme Court Judge and Senator of the College of Justice.
• Ailsa Carmichael, Lady Carmichael - Judge and Senator of the College of Justice.
• Sarah P. L. Wolffe, Lady Wolffe - first woman to be appointed as a Commercial Judge.^[74]
• Lorna Jack - Chief Executive at the Law Society since January 2009.^[75]

British Overseas Territories or Crown Dependencies

Anguilla

• Arlene Magdalene Fraites-Gomez (1962):^[76] First female lawyer called to the Bar of St. Kitts and Nevis (then St. Kitts, Nevis and Anguilla)
• Monica Theresa Joseph:^{[77] [78] [79] [80]} First female appointed as a Justice of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (1982). The appointment made Joseph the first (female) resident judge in the British Virgin Islands and Anguilla.
• Birnie Stephenson-Brooks:^[81] First female to serve as President of the Anguilla Bar Association (1996)
• Nicole Sylvester:^[82] First female to serve as the President of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Bar Association (c. 2007)
• Janice Pereira (British Virgin Islands, 1981):^[83] First female (and British Virgin Islander) justice appointed as the Chief Justice of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (2012)

Bermuda

• Lois Browne-Evans (1953):^{[84] [85]} First female lawyer in Bermuda, as well as Bermuda's first female Attorney General (1999)
• Priya De Soya:^[86] First female to become Crown Counsel in Bermuda (1976)
• Dianna Kempe (1973^[87]):^{[88] [89]} First female magistrate in Bermuda (1976). She is also the first female lawyer to become Queen's Counsel (QC) in Bermuda (2000).
• Norma Wade-Miller (1977):^{[90] [91] [92] [93]} First female appointed as a substantive (permanent) magistrate in Bermuda (1981). She was also the first female Judge of the High Court, Justice of the Supreme Court of Bermuda and Acting Chief Justice in Bermuda.
• Patricia Dangor:^[94] First female to serve as a Judge of the Bermuda Court of Appeals (2014)
• Karen Williams-Smith:^[95] First Black female to serve as the President of the Bermuda Bar Association (2017)
• Cindy Clarke:^[96] First female to serve as the Director of Public Prosecutions in Bermuda (2020)

British Virgin Islands

• Dancia Penn:^[97] First female lawyer in the British Virgin Islands. She became the first British Virgin Islander female to be appointed Attorney General of the British Virgin Islands in 1992.
• Paula F. Beaubrun:^[98] First female Attorney General of the British Virgin Islands (c. 1970s)
• Monica Theresa Joseph:^{[99] [100] [101] [102]} First female appointed as a Justice of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (1982). The appointment made Joseph the first (female) resident judge in the British Virgin Islands and Anguilla.
• Hélène-Anne Lewis:^[103] First female to serve as the President of the BVI Bar Association (2001)
• Nicole Sylvester:^[104] First female to serve as the President of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Bar Association (c. 2007)
• Janice Pereira (British Virgin Islands, 1981):^[105] First female (and British Virgin Islander) justice appointed as the Chief Justice of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (2012)
• Allison Hermia Tench-Donovan (2022):^[106] First female barrister to specialize in maritime law in the British Virgin Islands

Cayman Islands

• Annie Huldah Bodden (1959):^[107] First female to qualify as a lawyer in the Cayman Islands
• Adrianne Webb (1975):^{[108] [109]} First female lawyer called to the Caymanian Bar Association
• Theresa Lewis Pitcairn:^[110] First female to serve as the President of the Caymanian Bar Association (2001)
• Priya Levers:^{[111] [112]} First female to serve as a Judge of the Cayman Islands Grand Court (2003)
• Cheryll Richards:^[113] First (female) Director of Public Prosecutions for the Cayman Islands (2011). In 2010, Richards became the first female Queen's Counsel (QC) in the Cayman Islands.^[114]
• Margaret Ramsay-Hale:^[115] First female to serve as the Chief Justice of the Cayman Islands (2022)
• Marilyn Brandt:^[116] First Caymanian (female) attorney to serve as the Deputy Solicitor General in the Portfolio of Legal Affairs (2022)

Channel Islands

• Sarah Kelly (1997):^[117] First female advocate appointed Greffier to the Jurats of Alderney (2005–2012)
• Jessica Roland:^[118] First female to serve as a Deputy Bailiff in Guernsey (2019)
• Anita Sarella Regal:^[119] First female admitted as an advocate of the Royal Court of Jersey (1968)
• Barbara Myles: First female (non-attorney) jurat in Jersey (1980–2001)
• Bridget Shaw:^[120] First female magistrate in Jersey (2013)
• Rose Colley:^[121] First female to serve as the President of the Law Society of Jersey (2020)

Falkland Islands

• Rosie McIlroy:^[122] First woman lawyer (non-native) to enter into private law practice in the Falkland Islands. According to various sources, her legal career also included serving as Crown Solicitor (c. 1987),^[123] Senior Magistrate (c. 1989),^{[124] [125]} and Chief Magistrate (c. 1989)^{[126] [127]} in the Falkland Islands.
• Melanie Louise Best Chilton:^{[128] [129] [130]} First woman lawyer (non-native) to serve as Law Commissioner and an Attorney General of the Falkland Islands (2006-2007).
• Rosalind Catriona Cheek (United Kingdom, 1998):^{[131] [132] [133] [134] [135]} First Falkland Islander female to become Principal Crown Counsel (2006). She later became the second female Law Commissioner in the Falkland Islands (2015).

Gibraltar

• Pamela Benady (1955):^{[136] [137] [138]} First female barrister (who was of Jewish descent) in Gibraltar
• Dorothy Ellicott:^[139] First female Justice of the Peace in Gibraltar (1970)
• Karen Ramagge Prescott (1988):^{[140] [141] [142] [143]} First female judge (a Gibraltarian) in Gibraltar (upon her appointment as a Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Gibraltar in 2010). She later became the first female Bencher of the Middle Temple (2017).
• Gillian Guzman (1994):^[144] First female Queen's Counsel (QC) in Gibraltar (2012)
• Janet Smith (1972):^[145] First female appointed as a Judge of the Gibraltar Court of Appeal (2017)

Isle of Man

• Clare Faulds (1973):^{[146] [147]} First female admitted to the Manx Bar in the Isle of Man (Crown dependency). In 1996, Faulds was the first female Manx advocate commissioned as a judge.^[148] She was later appointed as a Senior Magistrate for the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2004–2008, 2014–2016).^{[149] [150]}
• Sharon Roberts:^[151] First female appointed as a permanent Deemster and serve as the President of the Isle of Man Law Society (2007)
• Jayne Hughes:^[152] First female Deputy High Bailiff of the Isle of Man (2011). She later became High Bailiff in 2019.

Montserrat

• Elizabeth Constance Griffin (1969):^[153] First female lawyer in Montserrat
• Monica Theresa Joseph:^{[154] [155] [156]} First female appointed as a Justice of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (1982)
• Gertel Thom:^[157] First female Attorney General of Montserrat (1993-1998)
• Nicole Sylvester:^[158] First female to serve as the President of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Bar Association (c. 2007)
• Kathy-Ann Pyke:^[159] First (female) Director of the Office of Public Prosecutions in Montserrat (2011)
• Janice Pereira (British Virgin Islands, 1981):^[160] First female (and British Virgin Islander) justice appointed as the Chief Justice of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (2012)

Pitcairn Islands

• Jane Lovell-Smith:^{[161] [162]} First female to serve as a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Pitcairn Islands (2004)
• Judith Potter (1965):^{[163] [164]} First female (a New Zealander) appointed as a Judge of the Pitcairn Court of Appeal (2012) (Pitcairn Islands)

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

• Jane Hamilton-White:^[165] First female appointed as the Public Solicitor for Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (2006)

Turks and Caicos Islands

• Ena Collymore-Woodstock:^[166] First female magistrate in Turks and Caicos Islands (1976)
• Shirley D. Simmons (1980):^{[167] [168]} First female (a Bermudian) admitted to the Turks and Caicos Islands Bar Association
• Margaret Ramsay-Hale (1991):^{[169] [170] [171] [172] [173] [174]} First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2011) and serve as its Chief Justice (2014)
• Lisa Agard:^[175] First female Senior Counsel to work for the Attorney General's Office of the Turks and Caicos Islands (c. 1987)
• Sarah Knight (1998):^[176] First Turks and Caicos Islander female admitted to the Turks and Caicos Islands Bar Association. She later served as the association's president.
• Rhondalee Braithwaite-Knowles:^[177] First Turks and Caicos Islander female to become a Deputy Attorney General (2008) and Attorney General of Turks and Caicos Islands (2014). She later became the first female Queen's Counsel (QC) in the Turks and Caicos Islands.^[178]
• JoAnn Meloche:^[179] First (female) Director of Public Prosecutions in the Turks and Caicos Islands (2013)
• Oreika Selver-Gardiner:^[180] First local female attorney to serve as a magistrate in the Turks and Caicos Islands (2020)

See also

• Women in policing in the United Kingdom
• Women in law
• Legal professions in England and Wales
• Northern Ireland law
• Scots law
• List of first women lawyers and judges in Europe

Notes and References

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84. News: Dame Lois Browne Evans of Bermuda PLP Lawyer . 2017-09-21 . Bernews.
85. Web site: Senator Maynard Gibson gives remarks at the opening of the Dame Lois Browne Evans Building in Bermuda Bahamaspress.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170927052720/http://bahamaspress.com/2011/06/17/senator-maynard-gibson-gives-remarks-at-the-opening-of-the-dame-lois-browne-evans-building-in-bermuda/ . 2017-09-27 . 2017-09-26 . bahamaspress.com.
86. Book: Bermuda Report . 1972 . Department of Public Relations . en.
87. The year of 1973 reflects when Kempe was called to the Bermuda Bar. She was called to the English Bar in 1970 (the figure that was previously listed on this page).
88. News: Kempe Certain To Become International Bar Association's First Woman President News Law Society Gazette . 2017-10-17 . Law Society Gazette.
89. Book: The Bermudian . 1976 . Bermudian Publishing Company Limited . en.
90. Web site: 22 May 2016 . Jamaican judge lauded by peers in Bermuda on her retirement . 2017-12-18 . Jamaica Observer.
91. News: CMC . Bermuda-Jamaican-born retired judge awarded OBE . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053351/http://www.wiredja.com/business/bermuda-jamaican-born-retired-judge-awarded-obe . 2017-12-22 . 2017-12-18 . en-gb.
92. Web site: Justice Norma Wilson Wade-Miller '71 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180304172709/https://www.marygrove.edu/justice-norma-wilson-wade-miller . 2018-03-04 . 2018-03-04 . www.marygrove.edu . en.
93. Web site: Jamaican-born retired judge awarded OBE . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180509150917/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/Jamaican-born-retired-judge-awarded-OBE_85337 . 2018-05-09 . 2018-05-08 . Jamaica Observer.
94. Web site: 2018 . CELEBRATING BLACK HISTORY AT THE INNS OF COURT . Inner Temple Library.
95. Web site: Jones . Simon . 2017-05-11 . Bar has first black woman president . 2022-03-31 . www.royalgazette.com . en-US.
96. Web site: Strangeways . Sam . 2020-12-02 . Cindy Clarke appointed Director of Public Prosecutions . 2022-05-28 . www.royalgazette.com . en-US.
97. Book: Brathwaite, Joan A. . Women and the Law: A Bibliographical Survey of Legal and Quasi-legal Materials with Special Reference to Commonwealth Caribbean Jurisdictions and Including Relevant Commonwealth Caribbean Legislation and Case Material . 1999 . University of the West Indies Press . 9789766400699.
98. Book: The Caribbean Year Book . 1978 . Caribook Limited . en.
99. Book: Phillip-Dowe . Nicole . Perspectives on the Grenada Revolution, 1979-1983 . Martin . John Angus . 2017-05-11 . Cambridge Scholars Publishing . 9781443893398.
100. News: 2013-09-26 . QC praises Monica Joseph . 2017-10-23 . The New Today Newspaper Grenada.
101. Web site: Tribute by the OECS Bar Association – Grenada Broadcast . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180610202406/http://www.grenadabroadcast.com/tribute-by-the-oecs-bar-association/ . 2018-06-10 . 2018-05-14 . www.grenadabroadcast.com . en-US.
102. Web site: Tribute to Her Ladyship, the Hon. Dame Monica Joseph, Retired High Court Judge . 2023-08-02 . Saint Lucia - Access Government.
103. Web site: Past Presidents . 2024-08-17 . www.bvibar.org.
104. Web site: 2007-03-02 . Nicole Sylvester calls for Legal Profession Bill . 2022-03-31 . www.searchlight.vc . en-US.
105. Web site: 17 August 2012 . Former Judge in Anguilla to be First Female Chief Justice – A Message From Acting CJ Janice Pereira . 2017-12-18 . theanguillian.com . en-US.
106. Web site: Local A. Hermia Tench-Donovan becomes first female Maritime Barrister in VI Virgin Islands News Online . 2023-11-09 . www.virginislandsnewsonline.com.
107. Honouring Distinguished Women Archived 2020-06-14 at the Wayback Machine, Cayman Islands Government Information Services. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
108. Web site: 16 August 2006 . BPW marks 30 years . 2019-06-13 . Cayman Compass . en-US.
109. Web site: Klein . Michael . Museum finally opens for business The Journal . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180909221904/https://www.journal.ky/2009/10/07/museum-finally-opens-for-business/ . 2018-09-09 . 2019-06-13 . en-US.
110. Web site: 2009-02-27 . Theresa Lewis Pitcairn BT candidate . 2022-05-10 . Cayman Compass . en-GB.
111. Web site: 2015-01-07 . Obituary: Former Justice Priya Levers 1946-2014 . 2019-06-13 . Cayman News Service . en-GB.
112. Web site: Jones . Simon . Island's first female Crown counsel dies The Royal Gazette:Bermuda News . 2019-06-13 . The Royal Gazette . 14 January 2015 . en-US.
113. Web site: . 2018-11-23 . Prosecution chief appointed as judge . 2021-09-10 . Cayman Compass . en-GB.
114. Web site: Wilson . Stuart . 2010-01-29 . Five receive QC honours . 2022-05-26 . Cayman Compass . en-GB.
115. Web site: Hon Margaret Ramsay-Hale sworn in today as first female chief justice Loop Cayman Islands . 2023-01-17 . Loop News . en.
116. Web site: 2022-07-13 . First Caymanian lawyer appointed as Deputy Solicitor General . 2023-09-07 . en-US.
117. News: 2005-04-26 . Women's historical appointments . 2018-02-22 . en-GB.
118. Web site: 2019-09-02 . Guernsey's first female Deputy Bailiff announced . 2022-06-01 . ITV News . en.
119. Book: Lemprière, Raoul . Customs, Ceremonies and Traditions of the Channel Islands . 1976 . Hale . 978-0-7091-5842-4 . en.
120. Web site: 2020-02-19 . Celebrating the success of women working in the local law and justice profession . 2024-01-25 . Channel Eye . en-GB.
121. Web site: Law Society elects first female President . 2024-01-26 . Bailiwick Express Jersey . en.
122. March 6, 1992 . Fierce Falklands competition? . New Law Journal . 142 . 303.
123. October 1986 . Who's Who in the Secretariat? . The Falkland Islands Times . 7.
124. Book: Hendry . Ian . British Overseas Territories Law . Dickson . Susan . 2011-03-21 . Bloomsbury Publishing . 9781847316356.
125. July 21, 2006 . A trip down memory lane – Fifteen Years Ago, July 26, 1991 . Penguin News . 18 . 12.
126. October 13, 1989 . It's All Change as Locals Sweep In . dead . Penguin News . 1 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161122212504/http://www.fig.gov.fk/archives/jdownloads/Penguin%20News/1989%20Oct-Dec.pdf . November 22, 2016 . May 15, 2018.
127. Book: Steiner . Sue . St Helena: Ascension, Tristan Da Cunha . Liston . Robin . Grundy . Richard . 2007 . Bradt Travel Guides . 9781841621982.
128. Web site: Finn . Gemma . History of the Directorate . 2017-12-08 . fig.gov.fk.
129. Web site: Brock . Juanita . October 23, 2006 . IT'S ALL CHANGE AT THE ATTORNEY GENERAL CHAMBERS . Falkland Islands News Network.
130. Web site: Finn . Gemma . The History . 2017-12-08 . fig.gov.fk.
131. Cheek . Rosalind . March 1996 . Postgraduate Students from the Falklands . Falkland Islands Newsletter . 5.
132. Web site: 2017 . Law Commissioner - Rosalind Cheek . Government Legal Services, Attorney General's Chambers, Stanley, Falkland Islands.
133. News: 2013-04-20 . Windswept, remote...who would want to live in the Falkland Islands? . 2017-09-15 . The Independent.
134. Web site: Case Studies Falkland Islands Government . 2017-12-08 . falklands.gov.fk.
135. News: Islander named as Principal Crown Counsel . 2017-12-08 . MercoPress.
136. Web site: Jewish Post 8 July 1955 — Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program . 2018-10-03 . newspapers.library.in.gov.
137. News: 2012-03-08 . International Women's Day – and – my Gibraltar angle . 2018-10-03 . roughseasinthemed . en-US.
138. News: 2008-02-18 . Lives in Brief . 2018-10-03 . The Times . en . 0140-0460.
139. [Dorothy Ellicott#ourGibraltar|Ellicott, 133]
140. News: 2016-05-25 . Valerie Mirvis heads Rebbetzens Leadership Trip to Gibraltar – Office of the Chief Rabbi . 2017-12-29 . Office of the Chief Rabbi . en-GB.
141. Web site: December 7, 2017 . First woman Puisne Judge becomes first Gibraltarian woman made Bencher of the Middle Temple . GBC (Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation).
142. Web site: Middle Temple . 2018-10-03 . www.middletemple.org.uk . en.
143. News: Gibraltar's first female judge appointed Bencher of the Middle Temple Gibraltar Chronicle . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181003221143/http://chronicle.gi/2017/12/gibraltars-first-female-judge-appointed-bencher-of-the-middle-temple/ . 2018-10-03 . 2018-10-03 . en-GB.
144. News: 26 April 2012 . The Gibraltar Magazine . 2017-09-25 . Issuu.
145. News: Brufal . Mike . 2017-09-01 . JUDGE JANET – The Rt. Hon. Dame Smith DBE – The Gibraltar Magazine . 2018-02-25 . The Gibraltar Magazine . en-GB.
146. Web site: Women in law: Isle of Man Law Society reflects on career progression and work/life balance Isle of Man Law Society The Regulatory and Professional Body of Manx Advocates, Young Lawyers Association, Legal Aid, Advocate Careers . 2017-09-25 . iomlawsociety.co.im.
147. Edge . Peter W. . January 1, 1995 . Lawyers & Empires: The Angllicisation of the Manx Bar and Judiciary . J. Legal Prof. . 19 . 29.
148. Web site: Isle of Man milestone celebrated . 2024-06-14 . Manx Radio . en.
149. News: New Senior Magistrate takes up post. . 2017-12-11 . MercoPress.
150. Web site: Brock . Juanita . July 10, 2014 . Falklands : New Senior Magistrate and Coroner for the Falklands Appointed . Falkland Islands News Network.
151. Web site: Women in law: Isle of Man Law Society reflects on career progression and work/life balance Isle of Man Law Society The Regulatory and Professional Body of Manx Advocates, Young Lawyers Association, Legal Aid, Advocate Careers . 2019-05-08 . www.iomlawsociety.co.im.
152. News: 2011-04-29 . Woman 'first' in Manx judiciary . 2019-05-08 . en-GB.
153. Emily . Musil Church . 2012-04-01 . Gaining Her Freedom: Slavery and Citizenship in the French Antilles . EScholarship.
154. Book: Phillip-Dowe . Nicole . Perspectives on the Grenada Revolution, 1979-1983 . Martin . John Angus . 2017-05-11 . Cambridge Scholars Publishing . 9781443893398.
155. News: 2013-09-26 . QC praises Monica Joseph . 2017-10-23 . The New Today Newspaper Grenada.
156. Web site: Tribute by the OECS Bar Association – Grenada Broadcast . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180610202406/http://www.grenadabroadcast.com/tribute-by-the-oecs-bar-association/ . 2018-06-10 . 2018-05-14 . www.grenadabroadcast.com . en-US.
157. Web site: Les Martiniquaises votent pour la première fois le 27 mai 1945 Madinin-art Critiques Culturelles de Martinique . 27 May 2015 . 2017-10-11 . madinin-art.net . fr.
158. Web site: 2007-03-02 . Nicole Sylvester calls for Legal Profession Bill . 2022-03-31 . www.searchlight.vc . en-US.
159. Web site: Jarvis . Travis . Montserrat DPP Resigns . 2022-12-21.
160. Web site: 17 August 2012 . Former Judge in Anguilla to be First Female Chief Justice – A Message From Acting CJ Janice Pereira . 2017-12-18 . theanguillian.com . en-US.
161. News: 2001-06-29 . End of a legend as Pitcairn Island meets the modern law . 2019-08-22 . The New Zealand Herald . en-NZ . 1170-0777.
162. News: 2004-09-29 . Court says Pitcairn under British rule . 2019-08-22 . The New Zealand Herald . en-NZ . 1170-0777.
163. Web site: Rishworth . Paul . 2012 . COUNTRY REPORT FOR PILON 2012: PITCAIRN, HENDERSON, DUCIE AND OENO ISLANDS .
164. Web site: September 2012 . 2017-10-20.
165. Web site: ARTICLE IN THE ST HELENA INDEPENDENT DATED 12 MAY 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160805132718/http://www.oldframlinghamian.com/images/articles/JUDGEGEOFFREYWILLIAMMARTINOBEG46-54.pdf . 5 August 2016 . 15 May 2018.
166. Web site: 2010-12-10 . Turks and Caicos Weekly News - Issue 49 by TC Weekly News - Issuu . 2024-06-14 . issuu.com . en.
167. Web site: Kelsea . Shirley Simmons . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180304113231/http://www.td.bm/index.php/shirley-simmons . 2018-03-04 . 2018-03-04 . www.td.bm . en-gb.
168. News: Ceremony honours legal trailblazer The Royal Gazette:Bermuda News . 2018-03-04 . The Royal Gazette . en-US.
169. Web site: Daughter of eminent Jamaican lawyer Ian Ramsay sworn in as chief justice of Turks & Caicos . 2017-12-20 . Jamaica Observer.
170. Web site: Margaret Ramsay-Hale is the first female TCI Chief Justice . 2017-12-20 . tcweeklynews.com.
171. Web site: Appointment of the Hon. Mrs. Justice Margaret Ramsay-Hale as Chief Justice of TCI .
172. News: Winker . Carol . 2 November 2011 . Her Ladyship takes oath of office . 6 May 2022 . Cayman Compass.
173. News: 20 January 2020 . TCI bids a fond farewell to Margaret Ramsay-Hale . 2 May 2022 . Turks and Caicos Weekly News.
174. News: 23 June 2014 . Jamaican is new chief justice for the TCI . 2 May 2022 . Jamaica Observer.
175. Book: Times of the Islands . 1987 . Times Publications Limited . en.
176. News: 2013-07-24 . Sarah Knight . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180304172449/http://www.misickstanbrook.tc/our-team/attorneys-by-category/partners/sarah-knight/ . 2018-03-04 . 2018-03-04 . Misick & Stanbrook – Barristers & Attorneys.
177. Web site: Hon. Rhondalee Braithwaite-Knowles . 2018-02-28 . www.gov.tc . en-gb.
178. Web site: New Queen's Counsel admitted to the Inner Bar . 2022-05-24 . suntci.com.
179. Web site: Deandrea S Hamilton . 2015-02-09 . Meloche officially "off-duty" from Public Prosecutions Office . 2022-05-28 . Magnetic Media . en-US.
180. Web site: Local lawyer sworn in as resident magistrate . 2022-04-02 . tcweeklynews.com.