Women in Estonia explained

Gii:0.100 (2021)
Gii Rank:28th out of 191
Gii Ref:[1]
Matdeath:2 (2010)
Womparl:20.8% (2013)
Femed:100% (2012)
Womlab:71.9% (employment rate OECD definition, 2019)[2]
Ggg:0.733 (2022)
Ggg Rank:52nd out of 146
Ggg Ref:[3]

Women in Estonia are women who were born in, who live in, or are from Estonia in Europe.

Politics

Estonian women first gained the right to vote in 24 February 1918 when Estonia gained independence from Russia.

On 26 January 2021, Kaja Kallas became the first female prime minister of Estonia.

Fertility

See main article: Demographics of Estonia. Between 1970 and 1990, the total fertility rate (TFR - the average number of children a woman bears) of Estonian women was little over 2 children born per woman.[4] A fast decrease of the TFR occurred after independence. In 1998 the lowest rate was recorded: 1.28 children born per women. In 2001, the United Nations reported through its annual world-population report that "Estonia was one of the fastest-shrinking nations on earth, at risk of losing nearly half its 1.4 million people by mid-century". To prevent this drop in TFR, one of the steps the Estonian government took since 2004 was to start "paying" women by providing them with subsidies "to have babies" known as "mother's salary". After giving birth and during maternity leave, working Estonian women received full monthly income for up to 15 months (equivalent to US$1,560.00); non-working women who gave birth received a monthly subsidy equivalent to US$200.00.[5] The TFR slightly recovered in the subsequent years, but fluctuated by year, and continued to remain below the replacement rate (being 1.54 children/woman in 2014).[6] As in many other European countries, the link between marriage and fertility has been weakened during the past decades: most children today are born outside of marriage (59% of children were born to unmarried women in 2014).[7] The average age of mothers at first birth in 2014 was 26.6 years.[7]

Religion

See main article: Religion in Estonia.

In the past, according to Estonian mythology, the ancient women of Estonia believed in the female deity and protector of pregnant women in labor known as Rõugutaja.

First woman cleric Laine Villenthal was ordinated in 1967 by Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church.[8]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Human Development Report 2021/2022. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS. 11 November 2022.
  2. Web site: LFS by sex and age - indicators.
  3. Web site: Global Gender Gap Report 2022. World Economic Forum. 16 February 2023.
  4. Web site: Main demographic indicators. Statistics Estonia. 3 January 2013.
  5. News: Walker. Marcus. In Estonia, Paying Women To Have Babies Is Paying Off. As Low Birthrates Threaten Growth, Developed Nations Watch Incentive Effort. 21 October 2006. The Wall Street Journal (New York). 10 November 2013.
  6. Web site: TGM - Eurostat.
  7. Web site: Statistics Portal.
  8. Web site: Naiste ordineerimisest Eesti Evangeelses Luterlikus Kirikus - Eesti Kirik. 2 August 2017.