| Wolrad II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg | |
| More: | no |
| Succession: | Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg |
| Reign: | 1539–1578 |
| Predecessor: | Philip III |
| Successor: | Josias I |
| Spouse: | Anastasia Günthera of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg |
| Issue: |
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| Full Name: | Wolrad II Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg |
| Native Name: | Wolrad II. Graf von Waldeck-Eisenberg |
| Noble Family: | House of Waldeck |
| Father: | Philip III of Waldeck-Eisenberg |
| Mother: | Adelaide of Hoya |
| Birth Name: | Wolrad Graf von Waldeck-Eisenberg |
| Burial Date: | 20 April 1578 |
| Burial Place: | , Korbach |
| Occupation: | Canon of St. Gereon's Basilica, Cologne 1520–1544 |
Count Wolrad II 'the Scholar' of Waldeck-Eisenberg (27 March 1509 – 15 April 1578), German: Wolrad II. 'der Gelehrte' Graf von Waldeck-Eisenberg, was since 1539 Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg.
By Wolrad and his relatives from the cadet branches, the Reformation in the County of Waldeck was almost completed. They defied the Emperor, had to fight for pardon, but remained Protestant and enforced the Reformation in their county. In the process, Wolrad took a leading position in the spiritual field.[1]
Wolrad was born on 27 March 1509[2] [3] [4] as the second son of Count Philip III of Waldeck-Eisenberg and his first wife Countess Adelaide of Hoya.[5] Initially, Wolrad was not on the side of the Reformation. His father sent him to the court in Kassel, where the young Landgrave Philip I of Hesse also studied. Then Wolrad studied in Bielefeld and at the court of the Prince-bishop Érard de la Marck in Liège. He travelled through France and learned to speak French perfectly. He mastered Latin and Greek. His extensive education later earned him the nickname 'the Scholar'.[6]
Wolrad was first a clergyman and from 1520 he was canon of St. Gereon's Basilica in Cologne, but in 1544 he resigned that position in favour of his half-brother . His ailing father called Wolrad back to the county as early as 1536 to help with the administration. With the cooperation of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse, the division of the County of Waldeck was arranged by treaty on 22 November 1538. One part was awarded to the two sons of the first marriage, Wolrad and, the other to the sons of the second marriage, Philip V, John I and .[7] By the succession treaty Wolrad and his brother Otto obtained among others half of and half of the city of Waldeck – the other half was owned by Count Philip IV of Waldeck-Wildungen – and several villages of the district of the same name, Eisenberg Castle and with villages, the paternal part of Sachsenhausen, and Naumburg as well as Korbach and the Freigrafschaft Düdinghausen. After the death of his father in 1539, Wolrad took possession of it because his brother Otto renounced it and joined the Order of Saint John. Wolrad's Residenz was Eisenberg Castle,[8] which he and his son Josias later expanded.
Although by 1529 the Protestant faith was widespread in most parts of the County of Waldeck, the churches and some influential citizens still remained Catholic, especially in Korbach, where the Counts of Waldeck did not manage to eliminate the religious differences. In May 1543 they brought in the Protestant Reformer, who completed the Reformation in the County of Waldeck.
Because of his excellent education, Landgrave Philip I took Count Wolrad II with him as an auditor at the in 1546. This meeting served Emperor Charles V as a distraction from his war preparations against the Reformation. On the other hand, the Schmalkaldic League, which was founded in 1531 under the leadership of Elector John Frederick I of Saxony and Landgrave Philip I by representatives of Protestant regions and cities, was preparing itself. The two leaders of the League decided to thwart the Emperor and formed an army in the middle of 1546. The Counts of Waldeck responded to the landgrave's call for support. The Emperor emerged victorious from the Schmalkaldic War on 24 April 1547 at the Battle of Mühlberg. Of the Counts of Waldeck, only Count Samuel of Waldeck-Wildungen, son of Count Philip IV, had participated; but the other Counts of Waldeck also had to come to Kassel to sign the reconciliation treaty, which the Emperor presented on 16 July 1547 to the surrendering landgrave. The subjects and servants of Hesse were also ordered to sign the treaty. Count John I of Waldeck-Landau had already signed it, his relatives followed. But the Emperor did not accept the reconciliation in the case of the Counts of Waldeck. For him they were not subjects of Hesse, but Imperial Counts and therefore immediately subordinate to him. Therefore, he summoned them under threat of the imperial ban to the Diet of Augsburg in 1548, so that they would answer for their participation in the army of the Schmalkaldic League and reconcile with him. What on the one hand had the character of a humiliation for the counts, on the other hand weakened the landgraves of Hesse and their territorial claims to the County of Waldeck. Waldeck was thus explicitly immediate.[9]
Wolrad travelled to Augsburg with his half brothers Philip V, who as a Catholic clergyman had been on the side of the Protestants, and John I, as well as with Samuel, who had not been summoned at all. After Wolrad arrived in Augsburg on 14 April 1548, weeks passed by during which the Counts of Waldeck sought – and finally found – advocates. At the end of May, however, the Emperor declared that an apology was not enough for him. Philip and John had to pay him 5,000 guilders, Wolrad even 8,000, because he had turned against the Emperor in word and deed more than the other counts, so it was said. They were forced to waive substantial financial claims.[10] Wolrad had a hard time getting the money together, partly by pledging, through relatives and his subjects. On top of that he had to pay for his travelling expenses and stay in Augsburg – more than 2,000 guilders. He also pledged his share of Waldeck Castle. The Emperor resented Wolrad's participation in the Regensburger Religionsgespräch. He had to wait a long time, held talks for intercession and had difficulties to be admitted to the Emperor. Charles finally granted him his mercy. On 22 June 1548 the Emperor drew up the pardon charter. The next day, after more than two months in Augsburg, Wolrad and Philip were able to return home. On 12 August the Emperor also issued a letter of protection for Countess Dowager Anne and for Wolrad, Philip and John. However, the counts did not give up Protestantism.
At the Imperial Diet, the Emperor issued the Interim – an Imperial law – to bridge the time until a general church council, which would have to include the Protestants in the Catholic Church. There was fierce resistance because it subjected the Protestants to the authority of bishops and the Pope again. Wolrad had his ministers meet on 14 August 1548 to hear their opinions and urged them not to deviate from the path of Protestantism. He assured them of his support. Only a few implemented the Interim. The Emperor withdrew it in 1552.
The weakening of Hesse as a result of the five-year imprisonment of Landgrave Philip I in the Netherlands and the high debts after the Schmalkaldic War caused the estates of the realm of Waldeck to turn away from Hesse. Confessionally the county was united, but administratively it was not. On 22 June 1549 the Reichskammergericht in Speyer decided that Hesse could not exempt Waldeck from its obligations towards the Emperor and the Empire and that the Counts of Waldeck, as immediate counts, had to pay the imperial taxes themselves. However, the collection of taxes from the estates of the realm was difficult and forced the long overdue improvement of the administration of the county.
The Counts of Waldeck had a tendency towards more independence after the Imperial and Religion Peace of Augsburg. To this end, the Imperial Estates had met in 1555. They agreed, among other things, that the respective territorial lord should determine the religion.[11] The counts Wolrad II, Philip IV, John I and Samuel issued a church order in 1556 after a synod in . Carefully and slowly they secularised the monasteries.
Wolrad moved his court to on 15 August 1577 – a few months before his death. His son Josias took over Eisenberg Castle. Wolrad died in Eilhausen on 15 April 1578 and was buried in in Korbach on 20 April. He was succeeded by his oldest surviving son Josias.[12]
Wolrad married at Waldeck Castle on 6 June 1546 to Countess Anastasia Günthera of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg (Arnstadt, 31 March 1528 – Eisenberg Castle, 1 April 1570), daughter of Count Henry XXXII of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg and Countess Catherine of Henneberg-Schleusingen. Anastasia Günthera was buried on 5 April 1570 in the Saint Kilian Church in Korbach.
From the marriage of Wolrad and Anastasia Günthera the following children were born:[13]
| Ancestors of Count Wolrad II of Waldeck-Eisenberg[14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great-great-grandparents | Henry VII of Waldeck-Waldeck (?–after 1442) ⚭ 1398 Margaret of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (?–after 1432) | Michael I of Wertheim (?–1441) ⚭ 1413 Sophie of Henneberg-Aschach (?–1441) | John of Solms-Braunfels (?–1457) ⚭ ca. 1429 Elisabeth of Cronberg (?–1438) | John IV of Salm (?–1476) ⚭ 1432 Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg (?–1446) | Otto II of Hoya (?–1428) ⚭ Mechteld of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (?–1433) | Konrad IV of Rietberg (?–1428) ⚭ Irmgard of Diepholz (?–1426) | Simon IV of Lippe (1404–1429) ⚭ ca. 1426 Margaret of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (1411–after 1456) | Otto II of Holstein-Schaumburg (1400–1464) ⚭ 1418 Elisabeth of Honstein-Lohra-Klettenburg (1400–1474) | |
| Great-grandparents | Wolrad I of Waldeck-Waldeck (1407–1475) ⚭ 1440 Barbara of Wertheim (?–?) | Cuno of Solms-Lich (?–1477) ⚭ 1457 Walpurgis of Dhaun (?–?) | Otto III of Hoya (?–1455) ⚭ Adelaide of Rietberg (?–1459) | Bernhard VII of Lippe (1429–1511) ⚭ 1452 Anne of Holstein-Schaumburg (1430–1495) | |||||
| Grandparents | Philip II of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1452/53–1524) ⚭ 1481 Catherine of Solms-Lich (?–1492) | Otto IV of Hoya (1425–1497) ⚭ Anne of Lippe (1452–1533) | |||||||
| Parents | Philip III of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1486–1539) ⚭ 1503 Adelaide of Hoya (1475–1513) | ||||||||