Wolfgang Clement Explained

Wolfgang Clement
Honorific-Suffix:Bundesminister a. D. Ministerpräsident a. D. MdL a. D.
Office:Minister for Economics and Labour
Term Start:22 October 2002
Term End:22 November 2005
Chancellor:Gerhard Schröder
Office2:Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia
Term Start2:27 May 1998
Term End2:22 October 2002
Deputy2:Michael Vesper
Predecessor2:Johannes Rau
Successor2:Peer Steinbrück
Office8:Minister of Economy and medium-sized Businesses, Technology and Transportation of North Rhine-Westphalia
1Namedata8:Johannes Rau
Term Start8:17 July 1995
Term End8:9 June 1998
Predecessor8:Günther Einert
Successor8:Bodo Hombach
Office10:Minister for Special Affairs and Chief of the State Chancellery of North Rhine-Westphalia
1Namedata10:Johannes Rau
Term Start10:12 June 1990
Term End10:17 July 1995
Predecessor10:Klaus Dieter Leister
Successor10:Rüdiger Frohn
Embed:yes
Office11:Member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia
Term Start11:1 June 1995
Term End11:7 November 2002
Predecessor11:Georg Aigner
Successor11:Karsten Rudolph
Constituency11:Bochum II
Term Start12:1 October 1993
Term End12:1 June 1995
Predecessor12:Wilhelm Vollmann
Successor12:multi-member district
Constituency12:Social Democratic Party List
Birth Date:7 July 1940
Birth Place:Bochum, Gau Westphalia-South, German Reich
Death Place:Bonn, Germany
Death Cause:Lung cancer
Party:Independent
Alma Mater:University of Marburg

Wolfgang Clement (7 July 194027 September 2020) was a German politician and a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was the 7th Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 27 May 1998 to 22 October 2002 and Federal Minister of Economics and Labour from 2002 to 2005. He was an Honorary Member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation.

He was known for being one of the architects of the Agenda 2010 labor market reforms under chancellor Gerhard Schröder in the early 2000s. He was also credited with the merger of the federal ministry of economics and labor and the Hartz I through IV labor market reforms. The labor and welfare reforms have been credited with reducing unemployment and contributing to Germany's growth years. However, the reforms have been a divisive topic and created a lasting rift between the leftists and the centrists at the SPD.

Education and career

Clement was born on 7 July 1940 in Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, and was the son of a bricklayer.[1] He completed his schooling Abitur at the Graf-Engelbert-Schule in Bochum.[2] He then completed his apprenticeship, , at the newspaper in Dortmund. He completed his degree in law at the University of Münster in 1965, including clearing the First State Examination, a qualification that allowed him to teach.[2]

Clement later worked as an articled clerk and assistant at the Institute for Trial Law at the University of Marburg. In 1968, he returned to the Westfälische Rundschau, first as a political editor, and went onto become the head of political department, and then the deputy editor-in-chief of the newspaper. In 1986, Clement moved to the Hamburger Morgenpost, where he remained as editor-in-chief until 1989.

On 12 November 2004, he was presented with an honorary doctorate (Dr. h. c.) by the Ruhr University in Bochum.[3]

Political career

Clement started his political career with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1970[4] and was a member of the party until 2008. Between 1981 and 1986, he was a spokesman for the party's federal executive board, and was also the deputy party whip between 1985 and 1986.[5]

In 1989, he was appointed head of the State Chancellery of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) by then NRW Minister President Johannes Rau's government.[1] He relinquished this position in favor of the position of State Minister of Special Tasks for NRW after the state elections in 1990. After the 1995 state elections, he was the State Minister of Economics and Small Business, Technology, and Transport.[6]

Member of State Parliament (1993–2002)

Clement was a member of the State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1 October 1993 to 6 November 2002.[2] Between 1994 and 2001, he was also on the SPD State Executive in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW),[7] and was the deputy leader of the executive from 1996.[7] He became a member of the SPD federal executive board in 1995,[7] and served until his exit from the party in 2008.

Minister President (1998–2002)

Clement was elected as Johannes Rau's successor as the Minister president of North Rhine-Westphalia on 27 May 1998.[8] With state debts in excess of 130,000 million marks (DEM), he announced drastic cuts and austerity measures including reduction in the size of his own cabinet.[8]

In one of his first moves on 17 June 1998, he announced the merger of the Justice and Interior ministries into one entity.[9] There were doubts if this decision was compatible with the German Constitution, as it was seen by some as a violation of the division of powers.[10] On 9 February 1999, the Constitutional Court of North Rhine-Westphalia ruled that the amalgamation violated the rights of the state parliament.[11] In addition with pressure from coalition partner Bündnis '90/Die Grünen (the Green party), the merger was canceled. He took on the responsibilities of justice minister for a brief period between 10 and 22 March 1999, before handing the position over to Jochen Dieckmann, who served as the Justice Minister for NRW through the end of the legislature term on 27 June 2000. During this period, Clement also served as the deputy chairman of the SPD from December 1999. In the 2000 state elections under his leadership, the SPD received 42.8% of the votes, a drop of 3.2% from the previous election.[12] However, the party was able to form a coalition government with the Green Party.[13] In this coalition, there were debates between Clement and the Green Party's Bärbel Höhn, who opposed the continuation of coal mining subsidies and the support for large industrial projects like the Garzweiler surface mine, that were supported by Clement.[14]

After Clement started his term of office as state premier of North Rhine-Westphalia on 27 May 1998, four ministers resigned or left their position early Minister for the Economy Bodo Hombach (moved to Bonn as Minister of the Chancellery),[15] Justice Minister Reinhard Rauball (resigned after a week in position),[16] Minister for European and Federal Affairs (resigned due to tax misdemeanor),[17] and Finance Minister ( flights misuse).[18] This was also the time when Clement proclaimed that the media industry in NRW would be the "engine of structural change" in the state. The move however, saw limited success. An animation studio in Oberhausen received €50 million in funding as part of this program, but generated limited employment in the end.

In Clement's time in office as the state premier of NRW, four parliamentary investigative committees, or Parlamentarische Untersuchungsausschüsse (PUAs), were set up:[19] Review of state enterprises,[20] High Definition Oberhausen (HDO – PUA II),[21] High Definition Oberhausen (HDO – PUA III), and Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale.[22]

Federal Minister of Economics and Labour (2002–2005)

After the 2002 federal elections, Clement was part of the Social Democrats’ team in negotiations with the Green Party on a new coalition agreement for a government under the leadership of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. He gave up his office of Minister-President of NRW on 21 October 2002 and was appointed Federal Minister of Economics and Labour in the new government led by Schröder.[23] In this role, he was taking over the newly created so-called “super ministry” that had been formed by the amalgamation of the Economic and Labour ministries.[24]

The prevailing social democratic thinking in Europe was re-shaped by the Schröder-Blair paper of 1999, a joint working paper between German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and British Prime Minister Tony Blair, which introduced the "third way" or "Neue Mitte" in that a social democratic future required a comprehensive economization of society with the state withdrawing from the markets and other welfare measures.[25] This represented an abrupt U-turn with respect to the exiting programs of the SPD. In continuation of this thinking, Schröder and Clement, came up with the Agenda 2010 series of reforms where the economy was given more freedom, and labor market reforms starting with the Hartz I through IV programs were introduced.[26] Agenda 2010 was announced as the single largest reform efforts in post-war Germany, and included a set of actions that sought to rethink how the government organized education, social security, and employment.[27] The market reforms relaxed labor market restrictions and reduced social benefits in a bid to boost employment.[28] [29] The reforms emerged to be a divisive topic in Germany with a section of the business community stating that these reforms laid the foundation for the sustainable and employment intensive recovery that took off in 2005. The labor and welfare reforms have been credited with reducing unemployment and contributing to Germany's growth years. However, the reforms led to a rift between the left and centrist sections of the SPD, driven by oppositions from the trade unions and social organizations, ultimately resulting in the split Germany's center-left, and led to the creation of the far-left party Die Linke and significantly weakened the SPD.[30] [27]

Following the 2005 elections, Angela Merkel was elected Chancellor on 22 November 2005,[31] and Clement was replaced by Michael Glos.[32]

On 31 July 2008, Clement was expelled from the SPD[33] by the Landesschiedskommission (i.e. State arbitration board) of NRW after making a statement in which he advised against voting for the SPD. Clement went to the superior Bundesschiedskommission (Federal arbitration board) which subsequently cancelled the verdict on 24 November 2008. On 25 November, Clement announced his decision to leave the party.[34] He went on to support the Free Democratic Party led by Christian Lindner, but did not join the party.[35]

Life after politics

After leaving politics, Clement held various paid and unpaid positions. In 2006, he was appointed by the employers' and employees' organizations of Germany's construction sectorthe German Construction Confederation (ZDB), the Central Federation of the German Construction Industry (HDB), and IG Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt (IG BAU) to mediate in a dispute over salary increases.[36] In 2018, he again helped the two sides to agree on a pay hike of roughly 6 percent for more than 800,000 construction workers.[37]

In 2007, Clement was awarded the Mercator Visiting Professorship for Political Management at the Universität Essen-Duisburg's NRW School of Governance.[38]

In 2017, Federal Minister of Health Hermann Gröhe appointed Clement as Special Commissioner for Germany's candidacy to become the new headquarters of the European Medicines Agency (EMA).[39] He was also an honorary member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation.[40]

In addition, he was a member of multiple corporate boards and non-profit organizations (below):

Corporate boards

Non-profits

Personal life

Wolfgang Clement married his wife, Karin, in 1966 and went on to have five daughters and thirteen granddaughters.[59] [3] He died at his home in Bonn on 27 September 2020, at the age of 80. He had been suffering from lung cancer.[60] [61]

Clement's work ethic was praised by colleagues across both sides of the aisle. Peer Steinbrück his successor as the President Minister of NRW, recollecting their time together in NRW, noted that he could work with a "sensationally low need for sleep" working at his desk until 11 PM before heading out to Rhöndorf in Düsseldorf's old town for Altbiers, before returning to work at 7AM. Der Spiegel noted that "Er könne zwölf Glas Bier schneller trinken als andere zwölf Korn." or that "he could drink twelve glasses of beer faster than others could drink twelve shots".[62] [63] He had also won a beer drinking contest, by downing a glass of Kölsch beer in 1.5 seconds at a German beer association ceremony in Cologne being held at the 487th anniversary of the Beer purity law, or Reinheitsgebot, in 2003. In his own words, the secret was "Man muss nur das Zäpfchen zurückklappen!" or that "You just have to fold back the uvula!"[64]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: SPIEGEL. Hans-Jürgen Schlamp, DER. Zum Tod von Wolfgang Clement: Vom Superminister zum Un-Sozialdemokraten – Der Spiegel – Politik. 27 September 2020. Der Spiegel. 27 September 2020 . de. 27 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927123819/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/wolfgang-clement-ist-tot-vom-super-minister-zum-un-sozialdemokraten-nachruf-a-711a9f4b-4588-4eca-814e-6af888432fe1. live.
  2. Web site: Landtag NRW: Abgeordneten Wolfgang Clement. Landtag NRW. 27 September 2020. de. 29 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929034235/https://www.landtag.nrw.de/home/abgeordnete-fraktionen/ehemalige-abgeordnete/abgeordnetendetail.html?k=01197. live.
  3. Web site: Zeitgenössische Porträts Männer Wolfgang Clement. Bochum.de. 27 September 2020. de.
  4. News: Ehemaliger SPD-Politiker: Wolfgang Clement ist tot. Die Zeit Online. 27 September 2020. de.
  5. Web site: Dr. h. c. Wolfgang Clement. Kloepfel Consulting. 27 September 2020. de. 17 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190517145828/https://www.kloepfel-consulting.com/unternehmen/beirat/wolfgang-clement/. live.
  6. News: Wolfgang Clement: Sein Leben in Bildern. T-Online.de. 27 September 2020. de.
  7. News: Wolfgang Clement. NRW SPD. 27 September 2020. de. 29 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929034248/https://www.nrwspd.de/personen/wolfgang-clement/. dead.
  8. Web site: Zimmermann. Elisabeth. Wolfgang Clement—Prime Minister of North-Rhine Westphalia. 27 September 2020. www.wsws.org. 10 September 1998 . en. 17 October 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151017035632/https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1998/09/clem-s10.html. live.
  9. Web site: KONZENTRATION UND ERNEUERUNG Regierungserklärung von Ministerpräsident Wolfgang Clement, gehalten am 17. Juni 1998. https://web.archive.org/web/20090920135100/http://www.im.nrw.de/inn/doks/vm/regerkl98.pdf. dead. 20 September 2009. 4. 27 September 2020. de. 17 June 1998.
  10. Web site: Die Bundesrechtsanwaltskammer und der Deutsche Richterbund lehnen die Zusammenlegung von Innen- und Justizministerium in NRW ab . 25 June 1998. https://web.archive.org/web/20041023030555/http://www.brak.de/seiten/04_98_09a.php . 27 September 2020. 23 October 2004 . de.
  11. Web site: Gescheiterte Fusion. 4 April 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20050404040654/http://www.wdr.de/tv/westpol/archiv/1999/02/14_2.html. 27 September 2020. 4 April 2005. de.
  12. Web site: Amtliches Endergebnis für das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen. Wahler Gebnisse Nordrhein-Westfalen. 27 September 2020. de. 4 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071905/http://alt.wahlergebnisse.nrw.de/landtagswahlen/2000/wahlkr/000lli00.htm. live.
  13. News: NRW-Koalition Alte Minister, neue Zuständigkeiten. Der Spiegel. 27 September 2020. de. 24 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160424185057/http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/nrw-koalition-alte-minister-neue-zustaendigkeiten-a-79711.html. live.
  14. News: Clement will gegen die Ökosteuer kämpfen. Die Welt. 27 September 2020. de. 29 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190429030322/https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article590355/Clement-will-gegen-die-Oekosteuer-kaempfen.html. live.
  15. News: 1999. Bodo und die Detektive. de. Focus Magazin. 27 September 2020.
  16. News: 10 March 1999. Rauball nach einer Woche zurückgetreten. de. Die Welt. 27 September 2020. 25 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190425031917/https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article567823/Rauball-nach-einer-Woche-zurueckgetreten.html. live.
  17. News: Die Ereignisse im April. de. Manager Magazin. 27 September 2020. 28 April 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120428182206/http://www.manager-magazin.de/unternehmen/artikel/a-172271.html. live.
  18. News: 17 July 2020. GESTORBEN Heinz Schleußer. de. Der Spiegel. 27 September 2020. 14 June 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130614073557/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-16914312.html. live.
  19. Web site: 1 November 2003. Parlamentarische Untersuchungsausschüsse des Landtages NRW. 27 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20050115051920/http://www.mbi-mh.de/MBI-Programm/jenseits_des_Kirchturms/Clement_Superstar_/UA_NRW.html. 15 January 2005. de.
  20. Web site: 15 July 2003. Aufnahme der Arbeit des von der CDU beantragten parlamentarischen Untersuchungsausschusses im Landtag NRW zur Prüfung der Landesgesellschaften. https://web.archive.org/web/20040918032431/http://www.mbi-mh.de/MBI-Programm/jenseits_des_Kirchturms/Clement_Superstar_/UA_Landesgesellschaften.html. 18 September 2004. de.
  21. Web site: 11 September 2004. Von der CDU beantragte parlamentarische Untersuchungsausschüsse im Landtag NRW zur Prüfung aller Vorgänge und Mißstände in Bezug auf das Technologiezentrum HDO. https://web.archive.org/web/20050116212143/http://www.mbi-mh.de/MBI-Programm/jenseits_des_Kirchturms/Clement_Superstar_/UA_HDO.html. 16 January 2005. de.
  22. Web site: 4 August 2003. Von der CDU beantragter parlamentarischer Untersuchungsausschuß im Landtag NRW zur Prüfung aller Vorgänge und Umstände die Flüge betreffen, die mit Mitgliedern der Landesregierung oder Mitgliedern des Landtags Nordrhein-Westfalen mit der Charterfluggesellschaft PJC, eigenen Flugzeugen der WestLB oder sonstigen von der WestLB gecharterten ab der 10. Legislaturperiode durchgeführt wurden.. https://web.archive.org/web/20070315140942/http://www.mbi-mh.de/MBI-Programm/jenseits_des_Kirchturms/Clement_Superstar_/UA_WestLB.html. 15 March 2007. de.
  23. News: Wolfgang Clement tot: Politiker trauern! Ex-Wirtschaftsminister mit 80 Jahren verstorben. News.de. 27 September 2020. de. 29 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929034307/https://www.news.de/politik/855873223/wolfgang-clement-tot-todesursache-lungenkrebs-beerdigung-news-ex-wirtschaftsminister-im-alter-von-80-jahren-gestorben-laut-familie/1/. live.
  24. Web site: 27 September 2020. Former German 'super minister' Wolfgang Clement dies aged 80. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929034233/https://www.deccanherald.com/international/former-german-super-minister-wolfgang-clement-dies-aged-80-893886.html. 29 September 2020. 27 September 2020. Deccan Herald. en.
  25. News: Peter Schwarz. Britain's Blair and Germany's Schröder present a joint programme: "The Third Way/Neue Mitte". 27 September 2020. 28 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170928021201/http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1999/06/thrd-j17.html. live.
  26. News: 27 September 2020. Wolfgang Clement gestorben: Der Mann mit der Agenda 2010. de. Die Tageszeitung: taz. 28 September 2020. 0931-9085. 29 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929034306/https://taz.de/Wolfgang-Clement-gestorben/!5716814/. live.
  27. Web site: Welle (www.dw.com). Deutsche. The much-hated Hartz IV DW 9 February 2010. 27 September 2020. DW.COM. en-GB. 20 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180920114823/https://www.dw.com/en/the-much-hated-hartz-iv/a-5221558. live.
  28. News: Ehemaliger SPD-Politiker: Wolfgang Clement ist tot. de. Die Zeit Online. 27 September 2020. 29 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929034304/https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2F2020-09%2Fehemaliger-spd-politiker-wolfgang-clement-ist-tot. live.
  29. Web site: Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). German Labor Minister Wants To Make Firing and Hiring Easier DW 22 January 2003. 27 September 2020. DW.COM. en. 29 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929034306/https://www.dw.com/en/german-labor-minister-wants-to-make-firing-and-hiring-easier/a-760983-0. live.
  30. News: SPIEGEL. DER. Wolfgang Clements Karriere in Bildern: Der Agenda-Mann – Der Spiegel – Politik. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927145623/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/wolfgang-clement-karriere-in-bildern-der-agenda-mann-a-0a19e823-4f67-4a3f-9693-2b1997b38f24. 27 September 2020. 27 September 2020. Der Spiegel. 27 September 2020 . de.
  31. News: Merkel becomes German chancellor. BBC News. 27 September 2020. 9 December 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20051209014210/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4458430.stm. live.
  32. Web site: Ruhegehalt: Michael Glos. Focus.de. 27 September 2020. de. 26 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170926203445/http://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/tid-5551/ruhegehalt_aid_54141.html. live.
  33. http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3528345,00.html Social Democrats Oust Prominent Former Minister
  34. News: Wolfgang Clement: Der Impulsive. Frankfurter Allgemeine. 25 November 2008. 27 September 2020. de. 14 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181014003757/http://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/wolfgang-clement-der-impulsive-1723626.html. live.
  35. Web site: Welle (www.dw.com). Deutsche. Wolfgang Clement ist tot DW 27 September 2020. 27 September 2020. DW.COM. de-DE. 27 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927163300/https://www.dw.com/de/wolfgang-clement-ist-tot/a-55069689. live.
  36. Dietrich Creutzburg (7 May 2009), Wolfgang Clement: Streitbarer, parteiloser Schlichter Handelsblatt.
  37. Michael Nienaber (12 May 2018), German construction workers seal inflation-busting wage deal Reuters.
  38. Web site: UDE: Lehren für NRW – Gastprofessur für Wolfgang Clement. idw-online.de. de. 24 May 2018. 25 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180525062313/https://idw-online.de/de/news?print=1&id=229534. live.
  39. http://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/fileadmin/Dateien/4_Pressemitteilungen/2017/2017_3/170807_PM_EMA_eng.pdf Gröhe: “In Bonn, the EMA can seamlessly continue its important work“
  40. Web site: conVistaAlMar.com.ar. Honorary Members. 28 September 2020. The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. en-US. 14 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200114160756/http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/roncalli/members-39/honorary-members-756/. live.
  41. https://www.deutsche-wohnen.com/html/en/3955.php Wolfgang Clement on the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Wohnen AG
  42. https://www.dussmanngroup.com/en/dussmann-group/board-of-trustees/ Board of Trustees
  43. http://www.ec-group.ru/en/press/news/detail.php?ID=1006 Wolfgang Clement becomes a member of the Board of Directors of Energy Consulting
  44. https://www.daldrup.eu/de/?id_seite=88 Supervisory Board
  45. News: König . Jens . 22 January 2008 . Ab in die Wirtschaft . . Berlin . de . 27 September 2020.
  46. http://www.dumont.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/detail/news/wolfgang-clement-im-aufsichtsrat-von-m-dumont-schauberg.html Wolfgang Clement im Aufsichtsrat von M. DuMont Schauberg
  47. Web site: Wolfgang Clement – Keynote Speaker . London Speaker Bureau . 28 April 2017 . 27 September 2020 . 3 July 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170703134705/http://londonspeakerbureau.com/speaker-profile/wolfgang-clement/ . live .
  48. http://www.rsbk.de/eng/company/advisory-board/Clement-Wolfgang.asp Advisory Board
  49. http://shepard-fox.com/our-advisory-board/ Advisory Board
  50. Web site: Wechsel im Aufsichtsrat der DIS AG, DIS AG, Pressemitteilung . PresseBox . 15 June 2016 . de . 27 September 2020 . 31 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190331122856/https://www.pressebox.de/inaktiv/alma-mater-gmbh/Wechsel-im-Aufsichtsrat-der-DIS-AG/boxid/801541 . live .
  51. http://www.ostinstitut.de/de/ostinstitut_wismar/vorstand_mitarbeiter Board
  52. https://www.bapp-bonn.de/die-akademie/kuratorium Board of Trustees
  53. https://www.dkfz.de/de/spenden/advisory-council.html Advisory Council
  54. Clement. Wolfgang. 1 December 1996. Wirtschaftspolitische Perspektiven des Industriestandortes Nordrhein-Westfalen. Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik. de. 45. 3. 263–273. 10.1515/zfwp-1996-0302. 157046807. 2366-0317. 27 September 2020. 10 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200610031427/https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/zfwp/45/3/article-p263.xml. live.
  55. Web site: Institut für Berg- und Energierecht . Ruhr-Universität Bochum . de . 27 September 2020 . 2 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200702155037/https://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/ibe/ueber_kuratorium.htm . live .
  56. Web site: Ex-Wirtschaftsminister Wolfgang Clement gestorben – "Eigentlich habe ich mir nie vorgestellt, aktiver Politiker zu werden" . Deutschlandfunk . 25 March 2010 . de . 27 September 2020 . 27 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200927114353/https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/ex-wirtschaftsminister-wolfgang-clement-gestorben.1295.de.html?dram:article_id=193325 . live .
  57. https://www.staatsoper-berlin.de/de/staatsoper/freunde-partner/freunde-foerderer/verein/ Board of Trustees
  58. https://www.fdp.de/wirtschaftsforum Business Forum
  59. News: Der Spiegel. Wolfgang Clements Karriere in Bildern: Der Agenda-Mann – Der Spiegel – Politik. 27 September 2020 . 27 September 2020. de. 27 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927145623/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/wolfgang-clement-karriere-in-bildern-der-agenda-mann-a-0a19e823-4f67-4a3f-9693-2b1997b38f24. live.
  60. Web site: 27 September 2020. Former German 'super minister' Wolfgang Clement dies aged 80. 27 September 2020. Deccan Herald. en. 29 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929034312/https://www.deccanherald.com/international/former-german-super-minister-wolfgang-clement-dies-aged-80-893886.html. live.
  61. News: Wolfgang Clement is dead. Tek Portal. 27 September 2020. 29 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929034314/https://www.tekportal.net/wolfgang-clement-is-dead-currently-germany-kg/. live.
  62. News: Schlamp. Hans-Jürgen. Zum Tod von Wolfgang Clement: Vom Superminister zum Un-Sozialdemokraten – Der Spiegel – Politik. 27 September 2020. Der Spiegel. 27 September 2020 . de. 27 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927123819/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/wolfgang-clement-ist-tot-vom-super-minister-zum-un-sozialdemokraten-nachruf-a-711a9f4b-4588-4eca-814e-6af888432fe1. live.
  63. News: SPIEGEL. DER. Wolfgang Clements Karriere in Bildern: Der Agenda-Mann – Der Spiegel – Politik. 27 September 2020. Der Spiegel. 27 September 2020 . de. 27 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927145623/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/wolfgang-clement-karriere-in-bildern-der-agenda-mann-a-0a19e823-4f67-4a3f-9693-2b1997b38f24. live.
  64. Web site: German minister displays beer-quaffing talent. 28 September 2020. www.iol.co.za. en. 29 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929034313/https://www.iol.co.za/news/german-minister-displays-beer-quaffing-talent-105563. live.

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