List of Microsoft Windows versions explained

Microsoft Windows is a computer operating system developed by Microsoft. It was first launched in 1985 as a graphical operating system built on MS-DOS. The initial version was followed by several subsequent releases, and by the early 1990s, the Windows line had split into two separate lines of releases: Windows 9x for consumers and Windows NT for businesses and enterprises. In the following years, several further variants of Windows would be released: Windows CE in 1996 for embedded systems; Pocket PC in 2000 (renamed to Windows Mobile in 2003 and Windows Phone in 2010) for personal digital assistants and, later, smartphones; Windows Holographic in 2016 for AR/VR headsets; and several other editions.

Personal computer versions

A "personal computer" version of Windows is considered to be a version that end-users or OEMs can install on personal computers, including desktop computers, laptops, and workstations.

The first five versions of Windows - Windows 1.0, Windows 2.0, Windows 2.1, Windows 3.0, and Windows 3.1 - were all based on MS-DOS, and were aimed at both consumers and businesses. However, Windows 3.1 had two separate successors, splitting the Windows line in two: the consumer-focused "Windows 9x" line, consisting of Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me; and the professional Windows NT line, comprising Windows NT 3.1, Windows NT 3.5, Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4.0, and Windows 2000. These two lines were reunited into a single line with the NT-based Windows XP; this Windows release succeeded both Windows Me and Windows 2000 and had separate editions for consumer and professional use. Since Windows XP, multiple further versions of Windows have been released, the most recent of which is Windows 11. Since Windows 10, Microsoft has effectively turned to the "Windows as a service" servicing model, most likely to ensure it competes with mobile operating systems.

Name!scope="col"
CodenameRelease dateVersionEditionsBuild numberArchitectureEnd of support<-- List in YYYY-MM-DD format to allow sorting; if there are multiple dates for a given version (e.g. mainstream vs. extended support), then only list the latest date, as that is when support actually ends -->
Windows 1.01Interface ManagerNovember 20, 19851.01x86-16December 31, 2001
Windows 1.02May 14, 19861.02
Windows 1.03August 21, 19861.03
Windows 1.04April 10, 19871.04
Windows 2.01December 9, 19872.01x86-16, IA-32
Windows 2.03December 9, 19872.03
Windows 2.1May 27, 19882.10
Windows 2.11March 13, 19892.11
Windows 3.0May 22, 19903.00
  • Windows 3.00a
  • Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions
Windows 3.1April 6, 19923.10
  • Windows 3.1
103
SpartaOctober 31, 1992
  • Windows for Workgroups 3.1
102IA-32
Windows NT 3.1Razzle[1] July 27, 1993NT 3.1
  • Windows NT 3.1
528IA-32, Alpha, MIPSDecember 31, 2000
Windows 3.11November 8, 19933.11
  • Windows 3.11
x86-16, IA-32December 31, 2001
Snowball
  • Windows for Workgroups 3.11
300IA-32
Windows 3.2November 22, 19933.2
  • Windows 3.2
153x86-16, IA-32
Windows NT 3.5DaytonaSeptember 21, 1994NT 3.5
  • Windows NT 3.5 Workstation
807IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC
Windows NT 3.51May 30, 1995NT 3.51
  • Windows NT 3.51 Workstation
1057
Windows 95ChicagoAugust 24, 19954.00
  • Windows 95
950IA-32
Windows NT 4.0Shell Update Release(Tukwila)August 24, 1996NT 4.0
  • Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
1381IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPCJune 30, 2004
Windows 98MemphisJune 25, 19984.10
  • Windows 98
1998IA-32July 11, 2006
Windows 98 Second EditionJune 10, 1999
  • Windows 98 Second Edition
2222A
Windows 2000Windows NT 5.0February 17, 2000NT 5.0
  • Windows 2000 Professional
2195IA-32July 13, 2010
Windows MeMillenniumSeptember 14, 20004.90
  • Windows Me
3000IA-32July 11, 2006
Windows XPWhistlerOctober 25, 2001NT 5.1
  • Windows XP Starter
  • Windows XP Home
  • Windows XP Professional
2600IA-32April 8, 2014
  • Windows XP 64-bit Edition
Itanium
FreestyleOctober 29, 2002 IA-32
HarmonySeptember 30, 2003
  • Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004
SymphonyOctober 12, 2004
  • Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005
2700
EmeraldOctober 14, 2005 2710
AnvilApril 25, 2005NT 5.2 3790x86-64
Windows VistaLonghorn[2] January 30, 2007NT 6.0
  • Windows Vista Starter
  • Windows Vista Home Basic
  • Windows Vista Home Premium
  • Windows Vista Business
  • Windows Vista Enterprise
  • Windows Vista Ultimate
6002IA-32, x86-64April 11, 2017
Windows 7Windows 7[3] October 22, 2009NT 6.1
  • Windows 7 Starter
  • Windows 7 Home Basic
  • Windows 7 Home Premium
  • Windows 7 Professional
  • Windows 7 Enterprise
  • Windows 7 Ultimate
7601IA-32, x86-64January 14, 2020
Windows 8Windows 8October 26, 2012NT 6.2
  • Windows 8
  • Windows 8 Pro
  • Windows 8 Enterprise
9200IA-32, x86-64January 12, 2016
Windows 8.1Blue[4] October 17, 2013NT 6.3
  • Windows 8.1
  • Windows 8.1 Pro
  • Windows 8.1 Enterprise
9600IA-32, x86-64<-- Do not add ARM here - Windows 8.1 did not run on ARM (Windows RT 8.1 did, which is listed in another section) -->January 10, 2023
May 23, 2014
  • Windows 8.1 with Bing
Windows 10Threshold[5] July 29, 20151507
  • Windows 10 Home
  • Windows 10 Pro
  • Windows 10 Education
  • Windows 10 Enterprise
  • Windows 10 Pro for Workstations
  • Windows 10 Pro Education
  • Windows 10 S
  • Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC
10240May 9, 2017
Windows 10 version 1511Threshold 2November 10, 2015151110586October 10, 2017
Windows 10 version 1607Redstone 1August 2, 2016160714393April 10, 2018
Windows 10 version 1703Redstone 2April 5, 2017170315063October 9, 2018
Windows 10 version 1709Redstone 3October 17, 2017170916299April 9, 2019
Windows 10 version 1803Redstone 4April 30, 2018180317134November 12, 2019
Windows 10 version 1809Redstone 5November 13, 2018180917763November 10, 2020
Windows 10 version 190319H1May 21, 2019190318362December 8, 2020
Windows 10 version 1909VanadiumNovember 12, 2019190918363May 11, 2021
Windows 10 version 2004VibraniumMay 27, 2020200419041December 14, 2021
Windows 10 version 20H2October 20, 202020H219042August 9, 2022
Windows 10 version 21H1May 18, 202121H119043December 13, 2022
Windows 10 version 21H2November 16, 202121H219044June 13, 2023
Windows 10 version 22H2October 18, 202222H219045October 14, 2025
Windows 11CobaltOctober 4, 202121H2
  • Windows 11 Home
  • Windows 11 Pro
  • Windows 11 Pro for Workstations
  • Windows 11 Pro Education
  • Windows 11 Education
  • Windows 11 Enterprise
  • Windows 11 SE
22000x86-64, ARM642023-10-10
Windows 11 version 22H2NickelSeptember 20, 202222H222621October 8, 2024
Windows 11 version 23H2October 31, 202323H222631November 11, 2025
Windows 11 version 24H2GermaniumOctober 1, 202424H226100October 13, 2026

Mobile versions

See also: Windows Mobile, Windows Phone version history and Windows 10 Mobile version history. Mobile versions refer to versions of Windows that can run on smartphones or personal digital assistants.

NameCodenameArchitectureRelease
date
Version Number
Pocket PC 2000RapierARMv4, MIPS, SH-3April 19, 2000CE 3.0
Pocket PC 2002MerlinARMv4October 4, 2001
Windows Mobile 2003OzoneARMv5June 23, 2003CE 4.x
Windows Mobile 2003 SEMarch 24, 2004
Windows Mobile 5.0MagnetoMay 9, 2005CE 5.0
Windows Mobile 6.0CrossbowFebruary 12, 2007
Windows Mobile 6.1April 1, 2008CE 5.2
Windows Mobile 6.1.46 on 6November 11, 2008[6]
Windows Mobile 6.5TitaniumMay 11, 2009CE 6.0
Windows Phone 7MetroARMv7October 29, 2010
Windows Phone 7.5MangoSeptember 27, 2011
Windows Phone 7.8TangoFebruary 1, 2013
Windows Phone 8ApolloOctober 29, 2012NT 6.2
Windows Phone 8.1BlueApril 14, 2014NT 6.3
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1511Threshold 2November 12, 20151511
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1607Redstone 1August 16, 20161607
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1703Redstone 2April 24, 20171703
Windows 10 Mobile, version 1709feature2[7] October 24, 20171709

Server versions

See main article: Windows Server.

width=200pxNameCodenameRelease dateVersion numberEditionsBuild numberArchitectureEnd of support
Windows NT 3.1Razzle1993-07-27NT 3.1
  • Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server
528IA-32, Alpha, MIPS2000-12-31
Windows NT 3.5Daytona1994-09-20NT 3.5
  • Windows NT 3.5 Server
807IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC2001-12-31
Windows NT 3.511995-05-29NT 3.51
  • Windows NT 3.51 Server
10572001-12-31
Windows NT 4.0Shell Update Release1996-07-29NT 4.0
  • Windows NT 4.0 Server
  • Windows NT 4.0 Server Enterprise
  • Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition
13812004-12-31
Windows 2000NT 5.02000-02-17NT 5.0
  • Windows 2000 Server
  • Windows 2000 Advanced Server
  • Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
2195IA-322010-07-13
Windows Server 2003Whistler Server2003-04-24NT 5.2
  • Windows Server Web
  • Windows Server Standard
  • Windows Server Enterprise
  • Windows Server Datacenter
  • Windows Storage Server
3790IA-32, x86-64, Itanium2015-07-14
Windows Server 2003 R2Whistler Server2005-12-062015-07-14
Windows Server 2008Longhorn Server2008-02-27NT 6.0
  • Windows Server Foundation
  • Windows Server Standard
  • Windows Server Enterprise
  • Windows Server Datacenter
  • Windows Server for Itanium-based Systems
  • Windows Storage Server
  • Windows Web Server
6003IA-32, x86-64, Itanium2020-01-14
Windows Server 2008 R2Windows Server 72009-10-22NT 6.17601x86-64, Itanium2020-01-14
Windows Server 2012Windows Server 82012-09-04NT 6.2
  • Windows Server Foundation
  • Windows Server Essentials
  • Windows Server Standard
  • Windows Server Datacenter
9200x86-642023-10-10
Windows Server 2012 R2Windows Server Blue2013-10-17NT 6.396002023-10-10
Windows Server 2016Redstone2016-10-121607
  • Windows Server Essentials
  • Windows Server Standard
  • Windows Server Datacenter
143932027-01-12
Windows Server, version 1709[8] Redstone 32017-10-171709162992019-04-09
Windows Server, version 1803[9] Redstone 42018-04-301803171342019-11-12
Windows Server, version 1809Redstone 52018-11-13[10] 1809177632020-11-10
Windows Server 2019Redstone 52029-01-09
Windows Server, version 1903[11] Redstone 52019-05-211903183622020-12-08
Windows Server, version 1909Vanadium2019-11-121909183632021-05-11
Windows Server, version 2004[12] Vibranium2020-06-262004190412021-12-14
Windows Server, version20H2Iron2020-10-2020H2190422022-08-09
Windows Server 2022Vibranium2021-08-1821H2[13] 203482031-10-14
Windows Server, version 23H2Zinc2023-10-1423H225398AMD642025-10-24
Windows Server 2025Germanium2024-11-0124H226100AMD64, ARM642034-10-10

High-performance computing (HPC) servers

NameCodenameRelease dateBased on
Windows Compute Cluster Server 20032006-06-09Windows Server 2003 R2
Windows HPC Server 2008Socrates2008-09-22Windows Server 2008
Windows HPC Server 2008 R22010-09-20Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows Home Server

NameCodenameRelease dateEnd-of-support dateBased on
Windows Home ServerQuattro2007-11-042013-01-08Windows Server 2003 R2
Windows Home Server 2011Vail2011-04-062016-04-12Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows MultiPoint Server

See main article: Windows MultiPoint Server. Windows MultiPoint Server was an operating system based on Windows Server. It was succeeded by the MultiPoint Services role in Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server version 1709. It was no longer being developed in Windows Server version 1803 and later versions.

NameCodenameRelease dateEnd-of-support dateVersion numberBuild numberBased on
Windows MultiPoint Server 2010Solution Server2010-02-242020-07-14NT 6.1537Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows MultiPoint Server 2011WMS 22011-05-122021-07-131600Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1
Windows MultiPoint Server 2012WMS 32012-10-302023-10-10NT 6.22506Windows Server 2012

Windows Small Business Server

See main article: Windows Server Essentials.

NameCodenameRelease dateEnd-of-support dateBuild numberBased on
Small Business Server 20002001-02-212010-07-131343Windows 2000 Server
Windows Small Business Server 2003Bobcat2003-10-092015-07-142893Windows Server 2003
Windows Small Business Server 2008Cougar2008-08-212020-01-145601Windows Server 2008
Windows Small Business Server 2011 StandardWindows Small Business Server 72010-12-132020-01-147900Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows Small Business Server 2011 EssentialsColorado2011-06-282013-01-058800

Device versions

ARM-based tablets

See main article: Windows RT. In 2012 and 2013, Microsoft released versions of Windows specially designed to run on ARM-based tablets; these versions of Windows, named "Windows RT" and "Windows RT 8.1," were based on Windows 8 and Windows 8.1, respectively. Upon the release of Windows 10 in 2015, the ARM-specific version for large tablets was discontinued; large tablets (such as the Surface Pro 4) were only released with x86 processors and could run the full version of Windows 10. Windows 10 Mobile had the ability to be installed on smaller tablets (up to nine inches);[14] however, very few such tablets were released, and Windows 10 Mobile primarily ended up only running on smartphones until its discontinuation. In 2017, the full version of Windows 10 gained the ability to run on ARM, thus rendering a specific version of Windows for ARM-based tablets unnecessary.

NameRelease dateVersion numberBuild numberBased on
Windows RT2012-10-26NT 6.29200Windows 8
Windows RT 8.12013-10-18NT 6.39600Windows 8.1

Mixed reality and virtual reality headsets

See main article: Windows Mixed Reality.

NameBuild number
Windows 10 Holographic, version 1607[15] 14393
Windows 10 Holographic, version 180317134
Windows 10 Holographic, version 180917763
Windows Holographic, version 1903[16] 18362
Windows Holographic, version 200419041
Windows Holographic, version 20H219041
Windows Holographic, version 21H120346
Windows Holographic, version 21H220348
Windows Holographic, version 22H120348

Surface Hub

See main article: Surface Hub. Microsoft originally announced the Surface Hub, an interactive whiteboard, in January 2015. The Surface Hub family of devices runs a custom variant of Windows 10 known as Windows 10 Team.

NameBuild number
Windows 10 Team, version 1511[17] 10586
Windows 10 Team, version 160714393
Windows 10 Team, version 170315063
Windows 10 Team, version 20H219042

Windows XP-based tablets

Two versions of Windows XP were released that were optimized for tablets. Beginning with Windows Vista, all tablet-specific components were included in the main version of the operating system.

NameCodenameRelease dateVersion numberBuild numberBased on
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition2002-11-07NT 5.12600Windows XP
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005Lonestar2004-08NT 5.12600Windows XP

Embedded versions

Windows Embedded Compact

See main article: Windows Embedded Compact.

NameCodename(s)Release date
Windows CE 1.0Pegasus; Alder1996-11-16
Windows CE 2.0Jupiter; Birch1997-09-29
Windows CE 2.11998-07
Windows CE 2.111998-10
Windows CE 2.121999
Windows CE 3.0Cedar; Galileo2000
Windows CE 4.0Talisker2002-01-07
Windows CE 4.1Jameson2002-07-30
Windows CE 4.2McKendric2003-04-23
Windows CE 5.0Macallan2004-07-09
Windows Embedded CE 6.0Yamakazi2006-11-01
Windows Embedded Compact 7Chelan2011-03-01
Windows Embedded Compact 20132013-06-13

Windows Embedded Standard

NameCodenameRelease dateBased on
Windows NT Embedded 4.0Impala1999-08-30Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
Windows XP EmbeddedMantis2001-11-28Windows XP Professional
Windows Embedded Standard 20092008-12-14Windows XP Service Pack 3
Windows Embedded Standard 7Quebec2010Windows 7
Windows Embedded 82013Windows 8
Windows Embedded 8.12013Windows 8.1

Other embedded versions

Cancelled versions

Cancelled personal computer versions

CodenameIntended nameDiscontinuationVersionLatest known build numberNotes
Cairo1996NT 4.01175Originally announced at the 1991 Microsoft Professional Developers Conference, Cairo was the codename of a project whose charter was to build technologies for a next-generation operating system that would fulfill Bill Gates's vision of "information at your fingertips".[18] Cairo never shipped, although portions of its technologies have since appeared in other products.
NashvilleWindows 9619964.1999Nashville was an operating system planned to have been released between Windows 95 and Windows 98, presumably under the "Windows 96" moniker.
NeptuneEarly 2000NT 5.505111Neptune, based on the Windows 2000 codebase, was planned to be the first version of Microsoft Windows NT to have a consumer edition variant. A version was sent out to testers but was never released.[19] [20] The teams working on Neptune and Odyssey eventually combined to work on Windows XP.
OdysseyEarly 2000NT 6.0[21] Odyssey was planned to be the successor of Windows 2000. The teams working on Neptune and Odyssey eventually combined to work on Windows XP.
TritonEarly 2000Triton was planned to be the successor of Windows Neptune and had been scheduled to be released in March 2001.
Blackcomb2006-01Blackcomb was originally planned to be a release of Windows following Windows XP. However, due to the large feature scope planned for Blackcomb, a smaller release codenamed "Longhorn" was planned first, and Blackcomb was delayed to 2003/2004. Both projects faced delays; Longhorn would go on to be released to consumers as "Windows Vista" in January 2007, while development on Blackcomb continued until the Blackcomb project was renamed "Vienna" in early 2006.
Vienna2007-07Vienna replaced Blackcomb and was intended as Windows Vista's successor. Vienna was eventually cancelled in favor of a new project codenamed "Windows 7" (which went on to be released in 2009 with the same name).
Polaris201816299Cancelled in favor of Santorini
SantoriniWindows 10X2021-05-18[22] 21H120279Microsoft had been reported as working on a new "lite" version of Windows as early as December 2018.[23] Such a version was officially announced under the name "Windows 10X" at an event in October 2019; the operating system was intended to first launch on dual-screen devices. In May 2020, Microsoft announced that Windows 10X would instead be launching on single-screen PCs, such as laptops and 2-in-1 devices, first.[24] However, on May 18, 2021, Microsoft announced that Windows 10X would not be launching (at least not in 2021); many of its features were instead rolled into Windows 11.

Cancelled mobile versions

CodenameIntended nameDiscontinuationNotes
PhotonWindows Mobile 7September 2008[25] Originally a successor of Windows Mobile, it had been scrapped for Windows Phone 7[26] [27]
PhoenixEarly 2017Cancelled when Microsoft "wound down" its phone efforts.[28]
AndromedaMid-2018Much of the work that was put into Andromeda was migrated into Santorini. The Surface Duo, a dual-screen Android-powered smartphone launched by Microsoft in 2020, was loosely based on the prototype hardware that had been used to test Andromeda.[29]

Cancelled server versions

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Random internal Windows terminology:IDW, Razzle, and their forgotten partners IDS and Dazzle. 2018-12-24. The Old New Thing. en-US. 2020-04-09.
  2. Web site: Martens. China. Update:Microsoft's Longhorn becomes Windows Vista. July 22, 2005. IDG Communications, Inc.. 13 June 2021. Microsoft Corp. has announced the official name for its upcoming operating system, previously known under the code name Longhorn. The operating system, now due out in 2006, will be called Windows Vista.
  3. Web site: 2019-07-22. What was the code name for Windows 7?. 2021-05-09. The Old New Thing. en-US. The code name for Windows 7 was… Windows 7..
  4. Web site: O'Brien . Terrence . Microsoft drops the Blue codename, confirms Windows 8.1 will be a free upgrade available later this year . Engadget . 19 July 2019 . 30 April 2023 . One of the worst kept secrets rattling around Microsoft's campus is Windows Blue, the forthcoming update to Windows 8 that addresses users' bugbears about the OS. Now, Microsoft is officially rechristening the platform, and with a more staid name: Windows 8.1..
  5. Web site: Foley . Mary Jo . Microsoft to share Windows Threshold plans at Build 2014 show: Report . ZDNet . 7 April 2022.
  6. Web site: Foley . Mary Jo . Microsoft starts rolling out IE 6 for Windows Mobile . ZDNET . 23 September 2022 . The new IE 6 bits were released on November 11 as part of the Windows Mobile 6.1.4 release from Microsoft's Download Center Web site..
  7. Web site: Woods. Rich. It's finally dead: Windows 10 Mobile is no longer supported after today. Neowin. Neowin LLC. 23 December 2021. Windows 10 feature2 ended up being version 1709, and it was the final feature update for Windows 10 Mobile..
  8. Web site: What's New in Windows Server version 1709. Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2 January 2022.
  9. Web site: Windows Server, version 1803 end of servicing on November 12, 2019. Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2 January 2022.
  10. Web site: Woods. Rich. Microsoft re-releases Windows Server 2019 and Windows Server, version 1809. Neowin. Neowin LLC. 2 January 2022.
  11. Web site: Gerend . Jason . Windows Server release information . live . 2020-09-09 . docs.microsoft.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20171118231758/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/get-started/windows-server-release-info . 2017-11-18 . en-us.
  12. Web site: Gerend. Jason. Windows Server servicing channels. 2020-09-09. docs.microsoft.com. en-us.
  13. Web site: Sharma. Mayank. Microsoft has snuck out its Windows Server 2022 release. TechRadar. 20 August 2021 . Future US, Inc.. 3 January 2022.
  14. Web site: Foley . Mary Jo . Microsoft ups allowable Windows 10 Mobile screen size to nearly nine inches . ZDNET . 11 September 2022.
  15. Web site: HoloLens 1st (gen) release notes. 18 July 2021.
  16. Web site: HoloLens 2 release notes. 18 July 2021.
  17. Web site: Surface Hub update history. 18 July 2021.
  18. Web site: Information At Your Fingertips, 1994 Comdex Keynote . Bill Gates . Bill Gates . 1994-11-14 . 2008-01-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071110171339/http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/r_harvey/iayf2005.htm . 2007-11-10 . dead .
  19. Web site: Microsoft combines Neptune, Odyssey into Whistler. CNN. January 27, 2000. January 6, 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080901024005/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/01/27/ms.whistler.idg/index.html. September 1, 2008 .
  20. News: Christian . Zachary . Windows guides . 25 September 2023.
  21. Web site: Windows Odyssey. 16 July 2021. Knowing that Neptune is 5.50, it's only logical to conclude Odyssey was to be 6.0.
  22. Web site: Warren. Tom. Microsoft confirms Windows 10X is dead. The Verge. May 18, 2021. Vox Media, LLC. 14 June 2021.
  23. Web site: Sams. Brad. What is Windows Lite? It's Microsoft's Chrome OS Killer. Petri. December 3, 2018. BWW Media Group. 16 July 2021.
  24. Web site: Bowden. Zac. Windows 10X will now launch first on single-screen PCs. Windows Central. May 4, 2020. Future US, Inc.. 16 July 2021.
  25. Web site: Litvinenko. Yuri. Microsoft's Project Photon:A Stunted Effort to Rebuild Windows Mobile. 21 May 2019 . 16 July 2021. Checking reports against each other provides the grounds to assume Microsoft kept working on Photon till September 2008..
  26. Web site: Windows Mobile 7 vs Windows Phone 7 . Popular Pages at brighthub.com . May 20, 2011 . December 15, 2016 .
  27. Web site: February 20, 2010. Revealed:Original Windows Mobile 7 UI. December 15, 2016. neowin.net.
  28. Web site: Bowden. Zac. Project Andromeda:The secret history of Windows on Surface Duo. Windows Central. September 18, 2020. Future US, Inc.. 16 July 2021. Microsoft had originally planned to ship CShell on Windows 10 Mobile under the codename, but that plan very quickly went away once the company decided to wind down its existing phone efforts in early 2017..
  29. Web site: Bowden. Zac. Project Andromeda:The secret history of Windows on Surface Duo. Windows Central. September 18, 2020. Future US, Inc.. 16 July 2021.