Wind power in North Carolina is found along the coastal areas in the east and mountain regions in the western part of the state.[1] The state has significant offshore wind resources. In 2015, small scale wind turbine projects were found throughout the state. In 2016, North Carolina's first large scale wind project, and the first in the southeastern U.S., was completed near Elizabeth City.[2] [3]
In 2019, North Carolina had an installed wind capacity of 208 MW.[4]
In 1977, the Federal Energy Research and Development Administration and the Department of Energy announced that Howard Knob had been selected as the site for an experimental wind turbine, which was later built by General Electric in October 1978. The project was part of a surge in renewable energy research which began under then-President Jimmy Carter. The turbine, formally known as MOD-1, was managed by NASA and operated by Blue Ridge Electric Membership Corporation. It stood 131feet tall and had two 97feet long steel blades that rotated counterclockwise at 35mi/h. It was designed to power 300 to 500 average-sized homes, given wind speeds of 25mi/h.[5]
The Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities law enacted in 2013 requires the state Department of Environment and Natural Resources to issue a permit before a wind energy operation can begin, providing a framework to assist wind developers in identifying suitable locations for wind energy facilities outlines and the steps that follow in the permitting process.[6] [7]
Sponsored by the Department of Energy, the Wind for Schools program has installed small scale wind turbines for educational use at schools throughout state to encourages the incorporation of renewable energy education into the K-12 science curriculum. Appalachian State installed four turbines in 2011 at schools in the mountains including Alleghany High, Avery High, Watauga High, & North Wilkes Middle. Five turbines were installed on the coast at JP Knapp, Cape Hatteras Secondary School, First Flight High School, as well at the College of The Albemarle at Dare and at Edenton.[8] Progress Energy Carolinas sponsored the 2-kilowatt wind turbine at Hot Springs Elementary School, another at Madison High School, and a third at the Madison County Cooperative Extension Office.[9]
The Desert Wind Wind Energy Project proposed by Atlantic Wind was completed in 2016. The project comprises 104 wind turbines (208 MW) within a 2,513-acre portion of a 24,242-acre review area located 7.5 miles west of Elizabeth City.[10] [11] [12] [13]
In 2009, on behalf of the North Carolina General Assembly the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill conducted a 9-month study to assess the feasibility of installing wind turbines in the sounds and off the coast of North Carolina.[14] In June 2010, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory found that North Carolina had the largest resource potential of any state on the East Coast with had 297 GW of offshore wind capacity within 50 miles of the coast.[15]
In 2014, the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) defined three wind energy areas offshore total approximately 307590acres, for potential commercial wind energy development. They are Kitty Hawk Wind Energy Areas (122405acres), the Wilmington West Wind Energy Areas (51595acres) and the Wilmington East Wind Energy Areas (133590acres).[16]
| BOEM wind energy lease area | WEA | Leaseholder/Developer/Utility | data-sort-type="number" | Capacity (MW) | Turbines | Approvals | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outer Continental Shelf OCS-A 0508[17] | Kitty Hawk WEA:122405acres24 nm from shore and extends approximately 25.7 nm in a general southeast direction. Its seaward extent ranges from 13.5 nm in the north to .6 nm in the south Wilmington West WEA:51595acres- 10 nm from shore and extends approximately 12.3 nm in an east-west direction at its widest point Wilmington East WEA-133590acres 15 nm from Bald Head Island at its closest point and extends approximately 18 nm in the southeast direction at its widest point | [18] |
In 2015 the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill will deploy two large buoys 20miles offshore of the coast and 40miles north and southwest from Cape Hatteras to capture wind, temperature and barometric pressure data for ongoing research on offshore wind energy.
| North Carolina Wind Generation (GWh, Million kWh) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Total | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
| 2016 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||
| 2017 | 469 | 25 | 43 | 53 | 57 | 49 | 35 | 28 | 25 | 40 | 38 | 28 | 48 |
| 2018 | 542 | 58 | 56 | 67 | 64 | 44 | 22 | 30 | 24 | 28 | 42 | 57 | 50 |
| 2019 | 523 | 54 | 47 | 58 | 57 | 40 | 38 | 27 | 23 | 29 | 42 | 51 | 57 |
| 2020 | 545 | 61 | 55 | 63 | 64 | 55 | 42 | 24 | 22 | 33 | 32 | 39 | 55 |
| 2021 | 505 | 46 | 57 | 60 | 51 | 40 | 28 | 30 | 17 | 30 | 44 | 56 | 46 |
| 2022 | 117 | 64 | 53 | ||||||||||
Source:[19]