Wind power constitutes a small but growing proportion of New Zealand's electricity. As of November 2023, wind power accounts for 1,059 MW of installed capacity and over 6 percent of electricity generated in the country.[1]
New Zealand has abundant wind resources. The country is in the path of the Roaring Forties, strong and constant westerly winds, and the funneling effect of Cook Strait and the Manawatū Gorge increase the resource's potential. Over three-quarters (512 MW) of the country's wind generation is installed within a 150km (90miles) radius of Palmerston North, with some turbines in the area having a capacity factor of over 50 percent.[2]
As of December 2020, New Zealand had an installed wind generation capacity of 690 MW. In the 2020 calendar year, wind power produced 2,282 GWh of electricity, 5.5 percent of the country's electricity generation that year.[3]
A further 2,500 MW of wind farms have received resource consent.[4]
The New Zealand Wind Energy Association predicts that wind could reach 20 percent of New Zealand's annual generation by 2035.[5]
New Zealand has outstanding wind resources, due to its position astride the Roaring Forties, resulting in nearly continuous strong westerly winds over many locations, unimpeded by other nearby landmasses at similar latitude.[6] One study found that using 1% of total available land for wind farms would produce approximately 100,000 gigawatt hours (GWh) per year.[7]
Wind farms partner well with hydro plants on the same grid to create combined power plants, because hydro plants can be uprated with extra turbine units to provide highly dispatchable peak generating capacity above the average flows of their rivers, at lower cost than other peak power options.[8]
Only wind turbines and farms over 5 MW generating capacity are listed. Individual demonstration and prototype wind turbines have been installed at Southbridge in Canterbury,[9] Gebbies Pass near Christchurch and Brooklyn in Wellington. Many small windmills serve as windpumps on New Zealand farms.
| Name | Commissioned | Operator | Region | data-sort-type="number" | Number of turbines ! | data-sort-type="number" | Installed capacity (MW) ! | data-sort-type="number" | Annual average generation (GWh)[10] ! | Coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flat Hill[11] | 2015 (September)[12] | Pioneer Energy | Southland | 8 | 6.8 | -46.5833°N 185°W | ||||
| Hau Nui | 1997 | Genesis Energy | South Wairarapa | 15 | 8.65 | 22 | -41.3667°N 204°W | |||
| 2023[13] | Hawke's Bay | 41[14] | 176 | -39.1839°N 176.6931°W | ||||||
| Kaiwera Downs | 2023[15] | Mercury Energy | Southland | 10 | 43 | 148 | -46.2414°N 169.0558°W | |||
| Mahinerangi | 2011 (March) | Mercury Energy | Otago | 12 | 36 | 105 | -45.75°N 223°W | |||
| Mill Creek | 2014 (May)[16] | Meridian Energy | Wellington | 26 | 59.8 | -41.2167°N 218°W | ||||
| Mt Stuart[17] | 2011 (December) | Pioneer Energy | Otago | 9 | 7.65 | -46.0667°N 215°W | ||||
| Tararua | 1999–2007 | Mercury Energy | Manawatū | 134 | 161 | 650 | -40.35°N 222°W | |||
| Te Āpiti | 2004 | Meridian Energy | Manawatū | 55 | 91 | 258 | -40.3°N 223°W | |||
| Te Rere Hau | 2006–11 | NZ Windfarms | Manawatū | 97 | 48.5 | -40.3833°N 218°W | ||||
| Te Uku | 2011 | WEL Networks / Meridian Energy | Waikato | 28 | 64.4 | -37.8833°N 232°W | ||||
| Turitea[18] | 2021 (northern stage)2023 (southern stage) | Manawatū | 60 | 220 | -40.4411°N 175.6714°W | |||||
| Waipipi | 2020 (November) [19] | Mercury Energy | South Taranaki | 31 | 133.3 | 455 | -39.7833°N 207°W | |||
| Project West Wind | 2009 | Meridian Energy | Wellington | 62 | 142.6 | 550 | -41.2833°N 214°W | |||
| 2007 | Meridian Energy | Southland | 29 | 58 | 200 | -45.75°N 184°W |
Meridian Energy also operates a 1 MW wind farm on Ross Island, Antarctica. It is not included in the above list as it does not contribute electricity to the New Zealand national electricity network.[20] [21]
| Name | Operator | data-sort-type="number" | Projected capacity (MW) | Status | Comments | Coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blackmount | Southern Generation | 35 | Proposed[22] | |||
| 300 | Consented (expires 2031)[23] | -40.7167°N 175.9333°W | ||||
| Glen Massey | Ventus Energy | 150 | Proposed | |||
| Hapuakohe | Manawa Energy | 230 | Proposed[24] | |||
| Pioneer Energy / Manawa Energy | 300 | Proposed[25] [26] | ||||
| Ventus Energy | 157 | Applied for Consent[27] | ||||
| 73 | Consented[28] | |||||
| Kaiwera Downs (stage 2) | 185 | Under construction | -46.2414°N 169.0558°W | |||
| Mahinerangi (stage 2) | 160 | Consented | -45.7606°N 169.905°W | |||
| 93 | Consented | As of 2024, project status is unclear after an investing company pulled out.[29] | -43.075°N 172.8375°W | |||
| Mount Munro | Meridian Energy | 90 | Proposed | |||
| Ototoka | Manawa Energy | 150 | Proposed[30] | |||
| 230 | Proposed[31] | |||||
| 310 | Consented (expires 2031)[32] [33] | |||||
| Southland (also formerly called "Slopedown") | 330 | Proposed[34] | ||||
| South Taranaki Offshore Wind | Bluefloat | 900 | Proposed[35] | |||
| Taumatatotara | Ventus Energy | 32 | Consented | Application for variation.[36] | ||
| Waikato Offshore Wind | Bluefloat | 1050–1400 | Proposed[37] | |||
| Waiuku[38] | LET Capital | 80 | Consent declined[39] | |||
| Te Rere Hau (repowering) | NZ Windfarms | Consented | Remove the 97 two-blade, 47m-high turbines already there and replace them with 30 three-blade, 162m-high turbines. | -40.3833°N 218°W | ||
| Aokautere Extension | NZ Windfarms | 45 | Proposed | Extend the Te Rere Hau wind farm footprint to the northwest, into the Ernslaw forestry block. If successful, would be able to install up to nine new wind turbines of 5MW each capacity. |
| Name | Operator | Projected capacity (MW) | Comments | Coordinates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hauāuru mā raki | 540 | Abandoned[40] | -37.5678°N 174.805°W | ||
| 630 | Abandoned in January 2012 | -45.5108°N 169.8842°W | |||
| 71 | Consents lapsed in 2023[41] | -42.9926°N 172.9588°W | |||
| 12.5 | Consents lapsed | -41.3267°N 174.7178°W | |||
| Maungatua Wind Farm[42] [43] | Windpower Maungatua | 25 | Abandoned[44] | ||
| Motorimu Wind Farm[45] | Motorimu Wind Farm | 108 | Consents surrendered[46] | ||
| Project Gumfields[47] | 99 | No consents, apparently abandoned | |||
| RES NZ | 150 | No consents, apparently abandoned | -41.1°N 228°W | ||
| Rototuna | 500 | No consents, abandoned[48] | -36.25°N 174.03°W | ||
| Taharoa Wind Farm[49] | Taharoa C | 100 | Consents lapsed[50] | ||
| 177 | Consents lapsed, abandoned[51] | -40.3622°N 176.1733°W |