| Honorific-Prefix: | The Most Honourable |
| The Marquess of Downshire | |
| Honorific-Suffix: | PC |
| Order1: | First Lord of Trade |
| Term Start1: | 9 September 1763 |
| Term End1: | 20 July 1765 |
| Monarch1: | George III |
| Primeminister1: | George Grenville |
| Predecessor1: | The Earl of Shelburne |
| Successor1: | The Earl of Dartmouth |
| Term Start2: | 16 August |
| Term End2: | December 1766 |
| Monarch2: | George III |
| Primeminister2: | The Earl of Chatham |
| Predecessor2: | The Earl of Dartmouth |
| Successor2: | The Viscount Clare |
| Term Start3: | 20 January 1768 |
| Term End3: | 31 August 1772 |
| Monarch3: | George III |
| Primeminister3: | The Earl of Chatham The Duke of Grafton Lord North |
| Predecessor3: | The Viscount Clare |
| Successor3: | The Earl of Dartmouth |
| Order4: | Secretary of State for the Colonies |
| Term Start4: | 27 February 1768 |
| Term End4: | 27 August 1772 |
| Monarch4: | George III |
| Primeminister4: | The Earl of Chatham The Duke of Grafton Lord North |
| Predecessor4: | New office |
| Successor4: | The Earl of Dartmouth |
| Order5: | Secretary of State for the Southern Department |
| Term Start5: | 24 November 1779 |
| Term End5: | 27 March 1782 |
| Monarch5: | George III |
| Primeminister5: | Lord North |
| Predecessor5: | The Viscount Weymouth |
| Successor5: | Office abolished |
| Birth Date: | 1718 5, df=yes |
| Birth Place: | Fairford, Gloucestershire |
| Nationality: | British |
| Spouse: | (1) Lady Margaretta FitzGerald (d. 1766) (2) Mary Stawell (1726–1780) |
Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, (30 May 1718 – 7 October 1793), known as the 2nd Viscount Hillsborough from 1742 to 1751 and as the 1st Earl of Hillsborough from 1751 to 1789, was a British politician of the Georgian era.
Best known in North America as the Earl of Hillsborough, he served as Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1768 to 1772, a critical period leading toward the American War of Independence.
Born in Fairford, Gloucestershire, Wills Hill was the son of Trevor Hill, 1st Viscount Hillsborough, and Mary, daughter of Anthony Rowe. He was named after General Sir Charles Wills, his godfather.[1]
Hill, known retrospectively as Downshire, was returned to Parliament for Warwick in 1741, a seat he held until 1756. He succeeded his father as The 2nd Viscount Hillsborough in May 1742 (as this was an Irish peerage he was able to continue to sit in the British House of Commons). Lord Hillsborough, as he now was, was the same year appointed Lord Lieutenant of County Down and Custos Rotulorum of County Down.[2]
In 1751, he was created Earl of Hillsborough in the Peerage of Ireland. In 1754, he was made Comptroller of the Household, a post he held until 1756, and appointed a Privy Counsellor. In 1756, he was created Baron Harwich, of Harwich in the County of Essex, in the Peerage of Great Britain, which entitled him to a seat in the House of Lords.
For nearly two years, between 1763 and 1765, Lord Hillsborough was President of the Board of Trade and Plantations under George Grenville, and after a brief period of retirement he filled the same position in 1766, and then that of joint Postmaster General, under the Earl of Chatham. From 1768 to 1772, Hillsborough was Secretary of State for the Colonies and also President of the Board of Trade. Both in and out of office, Hillsborough opposed all concessions to the American colonists, but he favoured the project for a union between England and the Kingdom of Ireland. On his retirement in 1772, he was created Earl of Hillsborough in the Peerage of Great Britain.
In 1779 he served as Secretary of State for the Southern Department, remaining until 1782. He was the last person to serve in this position, because the Secretaries of State were reorganized.
In 1789, he was made Marquess of Downshire in the Irish peerage.
Lord Downshire married firstly Lady Margaretta, daughter of The 19th Earl of Kildare, in 1747. His second daughter and last child by his first marriage was Lady Charlotte Hill, wife of The 1st Earl Talbot. Lady Talbot was the subject of a notable portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds. [3]
After her death in 1766, he married secondly Mary Bilson-Legge, 1st Baroness Stawell, daughter of Edward, 4th Baron Stawell, and widow of Henry Bilson-Legge, in 1768. She died in 1780.
Lord Downshire died on 7 October 1793, aged 75, and was succeeded by his son from his first marriage, Arthur.
In the United States, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, Hillsborough Township, New Jersey, the town of Hillsborough, New Hampshire, within the county, the town of Hillsborough, North Carolina, and Hillsborough County, Florida, Hillsboro, Highland, Ohio were named after the Marquess. Hillsborough, California, named for Hillsborough, New Hampshire, is an indirect namesake.
In Canada, Hillsborough Bay, on Prince Edward Island, and the village of Hillsborough, New Brunswick, were named in Downshire's honour.
Hill, Wills.