| William Purington Cole Jr. | |
| Office: | Associate Judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals |
| Term Start: | July 7, 1952 |
| Term End: | September 22, 1957 |
| Appointer: | Harry S. Truman |
| Predecessor: | Joseph Raymond Jackson |
| Successor: | Isaac Jack Martin |
| Office1: | Judge of the United States Customs Court |
| Term Start1: | May 14, 1942 |
| Term End1: | July 9, 1952 |
| Appointer1: | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Predecessor1: | George Stewart Brown |
| Successor1: | David John Wilson |
| State2: | Maryland |
| Term Start2: | March 4, 1931 |
| Term End2: | October 26, 1942 |
| Predecessor2: | Linwood Clark |
| Successor2: | Harry Streett Baldwin |
| Term Start3: | March 4, 1927 |
| Term End3: | March 3, 1929 |
| Predecessor3: | Millard Tydings |
| Successor3: | Linwood Clark |
| Birth Date: | 11 May 1889 |
| Birth Place: | Towson, Maryland |
| Death Place: | Baltimore, Maryland |
| Resting Place: | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Party: | Democratic |
| Education: | University of Maryland, College Park (B.S.C.E.) University of Maryland School of Law |
| Profession: | Attorney |
William Purington Cole Jr. (May 11, 1889 – September 22, 1957) was an American jurist and politician. From 1927 to 1929 and from 1931 to 1942, Cole was a United States representative who represented the second district of Maryland. He later served as a judge of the United States Customs Court and as an associate judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals.
Cole was born in Towson, Maryland, and graduated as a civil engineer from Maryland Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland, College Park) in 1910, receiving a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (B.S.C.E.) degree. He also studied law at the University of Maryland School of Law, was admitted to the bar in 1912, and commenced practice the same year. During World War I, Cole was commissioned as first lieutenant in the United States Army in November 1917. He was assigned to the 316th Regiment of Infantry, 79th Division at Fort Meade, and served overseas. He resumed the practice of law in 1919 in Towson. Cole served as a member of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution from 1940 to 1943, and was named a member of the Board of Regents of the University of Maryland, College Park in 1931, becoming Chairman of the board in 1944.
In 1926, Cole was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives, serving one full term in the 70th United States Congress from March 4, 1927, to March 3, 1929. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1928, and resumed the practice of law in Towson. He was again elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1930, and this time served from March 4, 1931, until his resignation on October 26, 1942 to accept a judicial post, serving in the 72nd United States Congress and the five succeeding Congresses.
On December 26, 1941, in the absence of Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn, Cole presided with Vice President Henry A. Wallace at the first of Winston Churchill's three addresses to a joint meeting of Congress.
Cole was nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on May 11, 1942, to a seat on the United States Customs Court vacated by Judge George Stewart Brown. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 11, 1942, and received his commission on May 14, 1942. His service terminated on July 9, 1952, due to his elevation to the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals.
Cole was nominated by President Harry S. Truman on July 4, 1952, to an Associate Judge seat on the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals vacated by Associate Judge Joseph Raymond Jackson. He was confirmed by the Senate on July 5, 1952, and received his commission on July 7, 1952. His service terminated on September 22, 1957, due to his death.
Cole died on September 22, 1957, in Baltimore, Maryland. He is interred in Arlington National Cemetery. Cole Field House at the University of Maryland, College Park is named in his honor.