| William H. Keim | |
| Office1: | Surveyor General of Pennsylvania |
| Term Start1: | May 1, 1860 |
| Term End1: | December 20, 1861 |
| Predecessor1: | John Roe |
| Successor1: | Henry Souther |
| State2: | Pennsylvania |
| District2: | 8th |
| Term Start2: | November 30, 1858 |
| Term End2: | March 3, 1859 |
| Preceded2: | J. Glancy Jones |
| Succeeded2: | John Schwartz |
| Order3: | 2nd |
| Office3: | Mayor of Reading, Pennsylvania |
| Term Start3: | 1848 |
| Term End3: | 1849 |
| Predecessor3: | Peter Filbert |
| Successor3: | George Getz |
| Birth Name: | William High Keim |
| Birth Date: | 13 June 1813 |
| Birth Place: | Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Death Place: | Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Resting Place: | Charles Evans Cemetery |
| Party: | Whig Republican |
| Relatives: | George May Keim (uncle) |
| Allegiance: | United States of America Union |
| Branch: | United States Army Pennsylvania Militia Union Army |
| Serviceyears: | 1861–1862 |
| Rank: | Major General |
| Battles: | American Civil War |
William High Keim (June 13, 1813 – May 18, 1862) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, as well as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
William High Keim (a nephew of George May Keim) was born on June 13, 1813, in Reading, Pennsylvania, to Mary (née High) and Benneville Keim. His father was president of Farmers' Bank and served as mayor of Reading.[1] [2] He attended Mount Airy Military School and graduated around 1829. After he graduated, he worked in the general hardware store of his father in Reading. He partnered with his brother John H. Keim in a large store and continued as a retailer for about 30 years.[1] At the age of 17, he became a sergeant of the Washington Grays. In 1837, he succeeded his cousin Daniel M. Keim as captain of the Grays and became major general of the Fifth Division of the Pennsylvania Volunteers in 1842.[1]
Keim was a Whig. He served as the second Mayor of Reading in 1848.[1] Keim was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress to fill a short term vacancy caused by the resignation of J. Glancy Jones after Jones's defeat in the election of 1858. He was surveyor general of Pennsylvania from 1860 to 1862.[2]
Even before the Civil War officially started, Keim anticipated rebellion and as early as January 21, 1861, he notified a fellow Reading militia commander to keep his unit ready for immediate service if war should break out.[3]
Following the Baltimore riot of 1861, the mayor of the city, with approval from Governor Hicks, ordered a militia unit, the Baltimore County Horse Guards, to destroy the railroad bridge north of Baltimore in order to prevent more Federal troops from entering the city. A lieutenant in the Horse Guards, John Merryman, was arrested by Keim. His arrest and imprisonment eventually led to an important Federal case on the suspension of habeas corpus.[4]
Initially, Keim enlisted in the Union Army for a term of 3 months and, due primarily to his political ties to Governor Andrew Curtin, he was commissioned as a major general of Pennsylvania Volunteers on April 20, 1861.[2] His original term of enlistment having expired, he was honorably mustered out on July 21, 1861, and returned to Reading.[2]
As the war lengthened and it became evident that a quick victory was not in sight, Keim decided to re-enlist, this time for a term of 3 years. Governor Curtin commissioned him as a brigadier general of volunteers on December 20, 1861.[2] However, Keim died of typhus while in the military service at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on May 18, 1862. Interment was in the Charles Evans Cemetery in Reading.[1]