| William Fraser | |
| Honorific Suffix: | RIBA |
| Birth Date: | 24 October 1867 |
| Birth Place: | Lochgilphead, Scotland |
| Death Place: | Toronto, Canada |
| Education: | University of Glasgow |
William Fraser (24 October 1867 – 14 June 1922) was a Scottish-born architect, prominent in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who initially practised in Great Britain and then in Canada until his death in 1922.
Born in the town of Lochgilphead, Argyll, in western Scotland, Fraser was the second of eight children born to The Reverend William Fraser (1824–1892),[1] minister of the Free Church of Scotland in Lochgilphead,[2] and Violet Ferguson (1835–1888).[1] His younger brother was the missionary Donald Fraser.
Fraser studied at the University of Glasgow.[1]
From 1883 to 1888, Fraser apprenticed with the architecture firm of John McLeod in Glasgow.[3] In 1889, Fraser moved to London, where he served as assistant to architect William Warlow Gwyther[4] and in 1891 was elected as an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects (ARIBA).[1]
Fraser won the competition to design the Burns Memorial and Cottage Homes in the town of Mauchline, East Ayrshire, to honour Scottish poet and lyricist Robert Burns, who rented Mossgiel Farm near Mauchline from 1784 to 1788, where he composed many of his best-known works. The foundation stone was laid in 1896.[5] After winning the design competition, Fraser established his own independent architecture practice.[1]
The monument, also called the National Burns Memorial, features a tower designed in the Scottish Baronial architectural style[6] [7] and cottages that "were intended as a permanent living memorial to the poet symbolising his sympathy for the genuinely unfortunate."[8] Today, the tower houses a contemporary art gallery,[9] while the cottages continue to provide accommodation and facilities for elderly residents.[10]
In 1897, a commemorative water fountain was erected in Lochgilphead, built to a design by Fraser, in memory of his older brother Alexander Rodger Fraser (1865–1894), who had served as a resident physician with the Bengal Collieries of the British East India Company in Bengal, India, and who died at the Red Sea while travelling home.[11]
In 1898, Fraser settled in the town of Dunoon, Argyll,[12] where he was commissioned to design several public buildings, including the Dunoon Grammar School (now the Dunoon Primary School and a building);[13] and the Dunoon Pavilion, which was officially opened on 17 August 1905 by Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll and her husband John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll. The Pavilion, which included a multi-purpose public-meeting and concert hall, a restaurant and shops, was destroyed by fire in 1949.[14] [15] Today's Queen's Hall stands on the site.
In 1907, Fraser and his family emigrated to Toronto, Canada, where he joined the architecture firm of George M. Miller as an associate and worked on projects for the influential Massey family and "where he was credited with the design of the Deaconess' Home, St. Clair Avenue West (1908–09) and the refined Beaux-Arts scheme for the School of Household Science", which is now called the Lillian Massey Building.[16]
In 1911, Fraser established an independent architecture practice specializing in the design of educational buildings.[16] One of his largest commissions was for the Anderson Building in downtown Toronto.[17]
Fraser was contracted by the Government of Canada to provide architectural services for the rebuilding of Halifax, Nova Scotia, after the Halifax Explosion devastated the city on 6 December 1917, when the French munitions ship exploded in Halifax harbor, killing approximately 2,000 people.[16]
Fraser worked for two years in Halifax, where he designed two public schools and a Bank of Nova Scotia building, but while there he fell ill from cancer and had to return to Toronto in 1921. He died on 14 June 1922, aged 54.[1]
Fraser married Maud Marion Timpson in Dunoon, Argyll, in 1898, and they initially settled in the town. They had three children.[1] Maud Timpson survived her husband by 45 years; she died in 1967, aged 92.[1]