William F. Windle Explained

William Frederick Windle (October 10, 1898, Huntington, Indiana – February 20, 1985, Granville, Ohio) was an American anatomist and experimental neurologist.

Biography

Windle graduated in 1921 with a B.S. from Denison University. At Northwestern University Medical School (now named Feinberg School of Medicine), he graduated with an M.S. in 1923 and a Ph.D. in anatomy in 1926.[1] [2] His Ph.D. thesis Studies on the trigeminal nerve with particular reference to the pathway for painful afferent impulses[3] was supervised by S. Walter Ranson (1880–1942).[4]

At Northwestern University School of Medicine, Windle was appointed assistant professor of anatomy in 1926, associate professor in 1929, and professor of microscopic anatomy in 1935. A research stay at the University of Cambridge in England followed from 1935 to 1936.[2] From 1942 to 1946 Windle was professor of neurology at Northwestern University Medical School and director of the medical school's neurological institute. In the anatomy department of the University of Washington School of Medicine, he was from 1946 to 1947 a professor and chair of the department.[1] In the anatomy department of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (now named the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania), he was from 1947 to 1951 a professor and head of the department. From 1951 to 1954 he worked as a scientific manager in the Baxter Laboratories in Morton Grove, Illinois.

From 1954 to 1960 he was, after appointment by Seymour S. Kety, the head of the laboratory for neuroanatomical studies at the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindnes (NINDB, later renamed the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland. Windle was from 1960 to 1961 the NINDB's deputy director and from 1961 to 1963 the head of the NINDB's Laboratory of Perinatal Physiology.[2] [5] From 1963 until his retirement in 1971, he worked at the New York University Medical Center (now named NYU Langone Health). There Windle was a research professor and the director of research at the medical center's institute for rehabilitative medicine. From 1971 to 1985 he was a research professor at Denison University. He was a guest professor at various institutions throughout his career.[2]

Beginning in 1957, Windle and collaborators worked to further develop experimental neurological research in a colony of rhesus monkeys located at Cayo Santiago Field Station. The monkey colony was started in 1938.[6] The island Cayo Santiago is owned by the Universidad de Puerto Rico, and researchers are the only visitors allowed.

In 1959 Windle was one of the founders of the journal Experimental Neurology, of which he remained editor-in-chief until 1975.[2] His doctoral students include Sanford Palay.[4]

In 1923 William F. Windle married Ella Grace Howell. They had two children[2] [1] and three grandchildren.[7]

Research

Windle was a pioneer of physiological research in the developmental biology of embryos and newborn infants. He contributed important insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of cerebral palsy and other forms of infantile brain damage. By experimental neurology on kittens, guinea pigs, and monkeys, he and his colleagues created a basis for prevention and treatment of childbirth asphyxia in newborns. His research also increased scientific understanding of kernicterus.[8] [9]

Awards and history

Selected publications

Articles

Books and monographs

References

  1. Book: Cattell, Jaques. American Men of Science: A Biographical Dictionary. 2736–2737. 1949. The Science Press. Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
  2. 10.1016/0014-4886(85)90036-6. William Frederick Windle (1898–1985) . 1985 . Clemente . Carmine D. . Experimental Neurology . 90 . 1 . 1–20 . 3899704 . 54393507 .
  3. Web site: William F. Windle Papers, 1898–1986. Online Archive of California (oac.cdlib.org).
  4. Web site: William F. Windle. Neurotree. (with summary of obituary published by Clemente in Experimental Neurology)
  5. Book: Farreras, Ingrid G.. Hannaway, Caroline. Harden, Victoria Angela. Mind, Brain, Body, and Behavior: Foundations of Neuroscience and Behavioral Research at the National Institutes of Health . 105–106 . 9781586034719 . 2004 . IOS Press . p. 106
  6. Book: Longo, Lawrence D.. The Rise of Fetal and Neonatal Physiology: Basic Science to Clinical Care . 84–85 . 9781461479215 . 15 September 2013 . Springer .
  7. News: Obituary. Dr. William F. Windle, Neurology Researcher. February 23, 1985. 10, Section 1. The New York Times.
  8. Web site: Linking brain damage and mental retardation. 1968 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award. William F. Windle, New York University Medical Center . Lasker Foundation.
  9. Book: Magoun, H. W.. Marshall, L. . Mammalian Embryos and William Windle . https://books.google.com/books?id=KV0_aslM3tMC&pg=PA54. 54–56 . 9789026519383 . American Neuroscience in the Twentieth Century . January 2003 . CRC Press .
  10. Web site: Historic Fellows. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  11. Book: Windle, William Frederick . Physiology of the fetus: Origin and extent of function in prenatal life. . W B Saunders Co . Philadelphia . 1940 . 10.1037/13600-000 .

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