| Sir William Edward Maxwell | |
| Order: | Governor of the Gold Coast |
| Term Start: | 7 April 1895 |
| Term End: | 6 December 1897 |
| Predecessor: | William Brandford Griffith |
| Successor: | Frederick Mitchell Hodgson |
| Order1: | Acting Governor of the Straits Settlements |
| Term Start1: | 30 August 1893 |
| Term End1: | 1 February 1894 |
| Predecessor1: | Sir Cecil Clementi Smith |
| Successor1: | Sir Charles Mitchell |
| Monarch1: | Queen Victoria |
| Order2: | 6th Colonial Secretary of the Straits Settlements |
| Term Start2: | 9 March 1892 |
| Term End2: | 1895 |
| Predecessor2: | Sir John Frederick Dickson Arthur Philip Talbot |
| Successor2: | James Alexander Swettenham |
| Governor2: | Sir Cecil Clementi Smith Sir Charles Mitchell |
| Monarch2: | Queen Victoria |
| Order3: | British Resident of Selangor |
| Term Start3: | 1889 |
| Term End3: | 1892 |
| Successor3: | William Hood Treacher |
| Birth Date: | 5 August 1846 |
| Death Place: | sea off Grand Canary |
| Father: | Sir Peter Benson Maxwell |
| Mother: | Frances Dorothea |
| Children: | Sir William George Maxwell |
| Occupation: | Colonial administrator |
Sir William Edward Maxwell, (5 August 1846 – 14 December 1897) was a British colonial official who served as colonial secretary of the Straits Settlements and governor of the Gold Coast, then a British colony.
Born on 5 August 1846, William Edward Maxwell was the son of Sir Peter Benson Maxwell, the chief justice of the Straits Settlements.
Maxwell followed his father into the legal profession, and also served in the courts of the Straits Settlements.
In 1883, Maxwell was appointed the commissioner of land titles in the Straits Settlements, to be a member of the Executive and Legislative Councils of those settlements.In 1889, he was appointed the resident of Selangor. He became the colonial secretary of the Straits Settlements in 1892, and was acting governor from 30 August 1893 to 1 February 1894.
In 1895, Maxwell was promoted to the governorship of the Gold Coast (now Ghana). Under his governorship the British declared war on the Asante Empire, the fourth Anglo-Ashanti War, known as the "Second Ashanti Expedition" in 1895.
An earlier treaty signed by the Asantes in 1874, the terms of which were widely considered absurd and unenforceable, was invoked by Maxwell. When the Asante king, Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh, could not meet the terms, Maxwell had him arrested, together with his mother, father, brother, uncles and a dozen advisors.[1] They were later exiled to the Seychelles, not returning to the Gold Coast (now Ghana) until the 1920s.
Suffering malaria, Maxwell died at sea off the Canary Islands and was buried at sea. He had married Lillias Grant Aberigh-Mackay in 1870, and left issue. At the Holy Trinity Cathedral, Accra in Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) a memorial tablet to him exists. It reads:
"To the glory of God in memory of Sir William Maxwell KCMG Governor of the Gold Coast Colony, who sacrificed his life to his unselfish devotion to duty. Under his rule the Kingdom of Ashanti was brought under British control. In impaired health he undertook an expedition to the northern territories of the colony to extend peace and protection to slave raided tribes and contracted fever of which to the undying regret of all who knew him died on the voyage home. Born 5th August 1846. Died 14th December 1897. 'Neither count I my life dear unto myself so that I might finish my course.'"[2]
An excerpt from the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1899 In Memoriam reads:
"The work he did for the Society is not, however, to be only judged by what he did under its auspices and in its name. He contributed to the Royal Asiatic Society's journal some interesting notes on Malay legends, and he wrote a Manual of the Malay Language which has done much to facilitate a scholarly acquisition of the idioms in which he took so deep an interest. He was in some measure acquainted with Arabic and Sanskrit, but will best be remembered for his work in connection with indigenous elements of the Malay language, it's traditions and folklore. He collected a fine library of Malay MSS., which he has bequeathed to the Royal Asiatic Society. A great advocate of scholarly method, he did much to draw attention to the material that exists, in Dutch and other foreign languages, for the proper study of Malay."[3]
Under the terms of his last will, he requested his niece to burn his private letters and diaries without examination, which was undertaken.[2]
Maxwell was invested with Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George (CMG) in 1885 and Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George (KCMG) in 1896.