William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven (1770–1825) explained

Honorific Prefix:The Right Honourable
The Earl of Craven
Office:Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire
Term Start:1819
Term End:1825
Predecessor:The Earl of Radnor
Successor:The Earl of Abingdon
Birth Name:William Craven
Birth Date:28 September 1770
Residence:Combe Abbey
Parents:William Craven, 6th Baron Craven
Lady Elizabeth Berkeley
Children:4
Rank:Major-general

Major-General William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven (28 September 1770 – 30 July 1825) was a British soldier.

Early life

Craven was the eldest son of William Craven, 6th Baron Craven, and his wife Lady Elizabeth Berkeley. Among his siblings was Maria Craven (wife of William Molyneux, 2nd Earl of Sefton) and Arabella Craven (wife of General the Hon. Frederick St John). In 1780, after thirteen years of marriage, and reported affairs on both sides, his parents parted permanently.[1] After the death of his father in 1791, his mother married Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. Charles' wife, Princess Frederica Caroline of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, also died earlier in 1791.[2]

His paternal grandfather was the Rev. John Craven, brother of William Craven, 5th Baron Craven, who his father succeeded as Baron Craven in 1769.[3] His maternal grandparents were Augustus Berkeley, 4th Earl of Berkeley and the former Elizabeth Drax (a daughter of Henry Drax).

Career

He succeeded his father as seventh Baron Craven in 1791. In 1801 he was created Viscount Uffington, in the County of Berkshire, and Earl of Craven, in the County of York. The earldom was a revival of the title held by his 17th-century kinsman and namesake William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven.[4]

He was commissioned into the 43rd (Monmouthshire) Regiment of Foot in 1793, and subsequently served with the 80th and commissioned as major in the 84th Regiments. In 1798, Craven was appointed aide-de-camp to King George III, serving until 1805. This was followed by active service in the Netherlands and the Mediterranean, ultimately achieving the rank of Major-general.[5]

From 1819 until his death in 1825, Lord Craven served as Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire and was opposed to Catholic emancipation.

Marriage & issue

In 1807, Craven married Louisa Brunton, a famous actress.[6] Louisa was a daughter of John Brunton, a grocer who later became an actor and manager of the Norwich Theatre. She was one of seven sisters, several were actresses, one, Ann Brunton Merry married the poet and dilettante Robert Merry.[7] [8]

Together, they were the parents of:

Lord Craven mostly resided at Coombe Abbey, near Coventry in Warwickshire and occasionally at Hamstead Marshall in Berkshire. He is not entirely forgotten – Harriette Wilson begins her famous memoir, "I shall not say why and how I became, at the age of fifteen, the mistress of the Earl of Craven."[9]

He died in July 1825, aged 54, and was succeeded in his titles by his son William.[10]

Crest:On a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Griffin statant wings elevated Ermine beaked and foremembered Or
Coronet:A Coronet of an Earl
Escutcheon:Argent a Fess between six Cross Crosslets fitchée Gules
Supporters:On either side a Griffin wings elevated Ermine beaked and foremembered Or
Motto:Virtus in Actione Consistit (Virtue consists in action)

Notes and References

  1. Book: Huberty, Michel . Alain Giraud . F. and B. Magdelaine . L'Allemagne Dynastique Tome V Hohenzollern-Waldeck . 1988 . France . French . 2-901138-05-5 . 148.
  2. Book: Williams, Kate. England's Mistress: The Infamous Life of Emma Hamilton. Large Print. BBC Audiobooks Ltd by arr. with Random House. 2009. 164. 9781408430781.
  3. Book: Debrett's Illustrated Peerage, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Under the Immediate Revision and Correction of the Peers . 1865 . Bosworth . 408 . 20 September 2019 .
  4. Book: The British Imperial Calendar. 1 July 2013. 1823. Winchester and Varnham. 54.
  5. Web site: Lieutenant-General William Craven (1770–1825), 1st Earl of Craven . artuk.org . . 27 February 2020 .
  6. Book: John Britton. James Norris Brewer. Edward Wedlake Brayley. Joseph Nightingale. Frederic Shoberl. John Hodgson. Francis Charles Laird. John Bigland. John Evans. Thomas Rees. The beauties of England and Wales: or, Delineations, topographical, historical, and descriptive, of each county. 30 June 2013. 1815. Verner & Hood. 557 note.
  7. News: Robert Merry. Stamford Mercury. 1 March 1799. 2.
  8. Book: Dorothy A. Mays. Women in Early America: Struggle, Survival, And Freedom in a New World. 30 June 2013. 1 January 2004. ABC-CLIO. 978-1-85109-429-5. 262.
  9. Book: Wilson. Harriette. The Memoirs of Harriette Wilson, Written by Herself. 1909. Eveleigh Nash. London. 22 April 2018.
  10. Web site: Craven, Earl of (UK, 1801) . cracroftspeerage.co.uk . Heraldic Media Limited . 20 September 2019.