| William Calvin Chesnut | |
| Office: | Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland |
| Term Start: | July 31, 1953 |
| Term End: | October 16, 1962 |
| Office1: | Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland |
| Term Start1: | May 9, 1931 |
| Term End1: | July 31, 1953 |
| Appointer1: | Herbert Hoover |
| Predecessor1: | Morris Ames Soper |
| Successor1: | Roszel Cathcart Thomsen |
| Birth Name: | William Calvin Chesnut |
| Birth Date: | 27 June 1873 |
| Birth Place: | Baltimore, Maryland |
| Death Place: | Baltimore, Maryland |
| Education: | University of Maryland School of Law (LL.B.) |
William Calvin Chesnut (June 27, 1873 – October 16, 1962) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland.
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Chesnut received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1892 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1894. He was an assistant state's attorney of Baltimore from 1896 to 1899. He was in private practice in Baltimore from 1899 to 1931. He was a lecturer for the University of Maryland School of Law from 1911 to 1931.
Chesnut received a recess appointment from President Herbert Hoover on May 9, 1931, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Maryland vacated by Judge Morris Ames Soper. He was nominated to the same position by President Hoover on December 15, 1931. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 12, 1932, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on July 31, 1953. His service terminated on October 16, 1962, due to his death in Baltimore.