| Birthname: | William Cochran McCauslen |
| William C. McCauslen | |
| State1: | Ohio |
| Term Start1: | March 4, 1843 |
| Term End1: | March 3, 1845 |
| Preceded1: | John Hastings |
| Succeeded1: | George Fries |
| Office2: | Member of the Ohio House of Representatives |
| Term2: | 1829-1830 1832-1833 |
| Party: | Democratic |
| Birth Date: | 1796 |
| Birth Place: | Steubenville, Northwest Territory |
| Death Place: | Steuvenville, Ohio |
| Restingplace: | Union Cemetery |
| Allegiance: | United States |
| Branch: | United States Army |
| Serviceyears: | 1846–1847 |
| Battles: | Mexican–American War |
William Cochran McCauslen (1796March 13, 1863) was an American lawyer and politician who served for one term as a U.S. Representative from Ohio for one term from 1843 to 1845.
McCauslen was born near Steubenville in the Northwest Territory (in what is now Ohio), and attended the public schools. After he studied law, he was admitted to the bar and practiced in Steubenville.
He was a law partner of Secretary of War Stanton. He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1829, 1830, 1832, and 1833. He owned and edited a Democratic newspaper in Steubenville.
McCauslen was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth Congress (March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845).
McCauslen was commissioned on August 31, 1846, during the Mexican War as a captain and commissary of subsistence of the Third Regiment, Ohio Infantry. He was honorably discharged June 24, 1847. He died in Steubenville, Ohio, March 13, 1863 and was interred in Union Cemetery.