List of last surviving veterans of military insurgencies and wars explained

This a chronological list of the last surviving veterans of military insurgencies, conflicts and wars around the world. The listed wars span from the 13th century BC to the Korean War.

Classical antiquity

• Ramesses II (1303–1213 BC) – Egyptian Pharaoh who, as a young man, fought many battles with the Hittites and Shardana pirates and died aged 90.
• Aristodemus of Sparta (c. 530–479 BC) – The "Coward of Thermopylae", who was the only Spartan to survive the Battle of Thermopylae.^[1]
• Marcus Valerius Corvus (370 BC?–270 BC) – Led the Roman army in the First Samnite War and reputedly lived to the age of 100.^[2]
• King Masinissa (c. 238 BC–c. 148 BC) – Led the Numidians during the Second Punic War and died at the age of 90.

Middle Ages

Muslim–Quraysh Wars (622–630)

• Abu al-Yusr Ka'b ibn Amr (599–675) – Muslim. Last soldier to serve under Muhammad at the Battle of Badr.^[3]

Norman conquest of England (1066–1088)

• Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester (1040–1118) – Norman. Last nobleman proven to have fought alongside William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings.^[4]

Early modern period

These cases, particularly with respect to the ages claimed by the veterans, cannot be verified as it was common in pre-industrialised societies for elders to exaggerate their age.

• Henry Jenkins (1509 (Unlikely) – 1670) - English longevity claimant. Claimed to have carried arrows for English archers at Battle of Flodden (1513) when aged 12.^{[5] [6]}
• Anton Grolekofsky (1671/1672?–1785) – Polish soldier claiming to live 114 years who lived in Sweden. Claimed to have fought in the Nine Years' War, Russo-Swedish War (1741–43) and Polish-Swedish War.^[7]
• Andreas Nielsen (1660?–1782) – Norwegian soldier. Claimed, while unlikely to be the last Scanian War veteran, however he was known to have had a long military career and seen many battles.^{[8] [9]}
• Christian Jacobsen Drakenberg (1626 (Unlikely) –1772) – Norwegian sailor. Claimed to have fought for Frederick III of Denmark-Norway in the Dano-Swedish War (1657–58) and again from 1675 to 1681 in the Scanian War.^[10]

17th century

Indian Wars (1622–1924)

• Otto D. Van Norman (1876–1981) – United States. Served in the local posse during the Battle of Kelley Creek.^{[11] [12]}
• Frederick Fraske (1872–1973) – United States. Last Army veteran.^[13]
• Hubert V. Eva (1869–1971) – United States. Last participant of the Battle of Sugar Point, the last battle fought between Native Americans and the U.S. Army.^[14]
• John Daw (1870–1965) – United States. Last Indian Scout.^{[15] [16]}
• Dewey Beard (1857–1955) – Lakota Tribe. Last Native American participant of the Battle of the Little Big Horn. Also survived Wounded Knee.^{[17] [18]}
• David McCoy (1790–1895) – United States. Fought in Tecumseh's War. Saw Chief Tecumseh die while fighting in the Battle of the Thames. Served in the War of 1812.^[19]
• Josiah Allen (1800–1891) – United States. Enlisted at 14 to serve in the Creek War.^{[20] [21]}

English Civil War (1642–1651)

• William Walker of Ribchester, Lancashire (1626?–1736) – Royalist. Claimed to have fought in the Battle of Edgehill in 1642 for Charles I.
• William Hiseland (1620?–1732) – Royalist. Last survivor of the Battle of Edgehill. Also fought in the Williamite War in Ireland and the War of the Spanish Succession.^[22] Retired with rank of sergeant.^[23] For 80-year service to the king, he became one of the earliest admitted to Royal Hospital Chelsea.^[24]
• John Read (1633–1730) – Parliamentarian. Joined Cromwell's army at 16 years old. Later emigrated to the American colonies and became a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives.^[25]

First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–1654)

• Richard Haddock (1629–1714) – Commonwealth of England. Served in the Royal Navy.^[26]

18th century

Great Northern War (1700–1721)

• Petro Kalnyshevsky (1690,^{[27] [28]} or 1691?–1803) – Cossack Hetmanate, Ukraine. Served in a Zaporozhian Cossacks regiment. Also fought in 1735–39 and 1768–74 Russo-Turkish Wars (by which time he was an Ataman).
• Abraham Lindqvist (1696–1801) – Sweden. Served as a dragoon under Charles XII.^{[29] [30]}

War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)

• Ambrose Bennett (or Tennant) (1693/94–1800) – Great Britain. Served at the Battle of Malplaquet (Alongside Hiseland) and reputedly died at the age of 106.^{[31] [32]}

Jacobite risings (1719–1745)

• Peter Grant (1714?–1824) – Jacobite. Fought at Culloden, Falkirk Muir and Prestonpans.^[33]

War of the Polish Succession (1733–1738)

• Jean Thurel (1698?–1807) – France. Also served in the War of the Austrian Succession, the Seven Years' War and the American Revolutionary War. Known as "oldest soldier of Europe."^[34]

Russo-Turkish wars (1735–1774)

• Petro Kalnyshevsky (1691?–1803) – Zaporozhian Cossacks. Also fought in Great Northern War and Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) (by which time he was an Ataman).

French and Indian War (1754–1763)

• John Owen (1741–1843) – Great Britain. Also fought in American Revolutionary War. Buried in Warren, Pennsylvania.^{[35] [36]}
• David Thompson (1736–1836) – Great Britain. Last pensioner. Lost an arm at Fort William Henry. Later served in the American Revolution.^{[37] [38]}
• Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière (1748–1822) – France. Died in Montreal, Quebec, British Empire.^[39]

Seven Years' War (1754–1763)

• Johann Heinrich Behrens (1735–1844) – Prussia. Died in Wolfenbüttel.^[40]
• Ezekiel Blackmarr (1742–1841) – Great Britain. Born in the American colonies. Enlisted in British forces and was their last survivor of the Battle of Havana.^[41]
• Paul François de Quelen de la Vauguyon (1746–1828) – France. Died in Paris.^[42]

American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)

• Daniel Bakeman (1759–1869) – United States. Alleged veteran. Awarded pension via Congress, though no support of service has been located.^[43]
• John Gray (1764–1868) – United States. Last verifiable veteran although period of service was too short for him for pension qualification.^[44]
• Lemuel Cook (1759–1866) – United States. Last official veteran; honorable discharge signed by George Washington.
• (1759–1861) – France. French naval officer, privateer and arms manufacturer, served as a midshipman in the French navy during the war.

Inconfidência Mineira (1789)

• Padre Manuel Rodrigues da Costa (1754–1844) – Inconfidentes. Also participated in the Independence of Brazil and in the Liberal Rebellions of 1842.^[45]
• José de Resende Costa (1766–1841) – Inconfidentes.^[45]

French Revolution (1789–1799)

• Giovanni Battista Campanella (1776–1884) – France. Served in Italy during the French Revolutionary Wars and later in the 1812 Russian campaign.^{[46] [47]}
• Arthur Dardenne (1776–1872) – France. Last surviving person to have taken part in the Storming of the Bastille.^[48]
• Nicolas Savin (1768 or 1787–1894) – France. Claimed to have enlisted in 2nd Regiment of Hussars in 1798. 1768 figure proclaims he was approximately 126 at time of death. Later served under Napoleon and was awarded the Legion d'Honneur.^[49]

• William Kinsella (1775–1870) – Irish rebel. Fought at Castlecomer.^[50]

19th century

Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815)

• Vincent Markiewicz (1795?–1903) – France. Claimed last Polish veteran. Known to have fought for Napoleon.^[51] However in 1912 there were three Polish men who claimed to have fought at Borodino, but it is unlikely they were real veterans due to lack of documentation and improbable age ranges from 120 to 133.
• Geert Adriaans Boomgaard (1788–1899) – France. Last Dutch veteran and verified veteran. Europe's oldest man at the time of his death. He fought for Napoleon in the 33ème Régiment Léger.
• Louis Victor Baillot (1793–1898) – France. Last surviving French veteran of the Battle of Waterloo.https://irontime.substack.com/p/the-real-last-survivor-of-the-battle Also saw action at siege of Hamburg.^{[52] [53]}
• Henry James (1799–1898) – United Kingdom. Last Royal Navy veteran. Enlisted in 1812 and served on . Saw action off Toulon.^{[54] [55]}
• Lars Jespersen Kike (1796–1897) – Norway. Last Norwegian veteran of the Swedish-Norwegian War.^{[56] [57]}
• Leonard Meesters (1796–1896) – France. Last Belgian veteran. Fought for Napoleon.
• Josephine Mazurkewicz (1794–1896) – France. Last female veteran. Assistant surgeon in Napoleon's army. Later partook in Crimean War.
• Ferdinand Scharnhorst (1797?–1893) – United Kingdom. Last British Army participant of Waterloo. Served in the King's German Legion.^{[58] [59]}
• Gaspar Costela Vázquez (1787–1892) – Spain. Last veteran of the Battle of Trafalgar. Served in the navy aboard .^{[60] [61] [62]}
• Vasilij Nikolaevich Kochetkov (1785?–1892) – Russia. Enlisted 7 March 1811. Served in Grenadier Lifeguard Regiment at Borodino. Served years until 12 October 1877 when wounded during service in the Russian-Ottoman War.^[63]
• Emmanuel Louis Cartigny (1791-1892) - France. Last French veteran of the Battle of Trafalgar.^[64]
• Joseph Sutherland (1789–1890) – United Kingdom. Served in the Royal Navy on and was the last British survivor of Trafalgar.^[65]
• August Schmidt (1795–1899) – Prussia. Last surviving German and Prussian veteran of the conflict and also last surviving veteran of the battle of Waterloo of all nations participating.https://irontime.substack.com/p/the-real-last-survivor-of-the-battle He fought in the Battle of Bautzen, Battle of Großbeeren, Battle of Dennewitz, Battle of Leipzig, Battle of Laon, and in the Battle of Waterloo.^{[66] [67]}

War of 1812 (1812–1815)

• Hiram Cronk (1800–1905) – United States. Served in a New York Infantry Regiment.^[68]
• Lewis Tobias Jones (1797–1895) – United Kingdom. Served in the Royal Navy on . Participated in the 1814 capture of . Also a Napoleonic Wars veteran.^[69]

Seminole Wars (1816–1858)

• Jacob C. Marsh (– 1917) – United States. Last participant of the Second Seminole War.^[70]

Greek War of Independence (1821–1832)

• John W. Stainer (1808–1907) – United Kingdom. Served in the Royal Navy on . Last survivor of the Battle of Navarino.^[71]
• Apostolos Mavrogenis (1798–1906) – Greece. Served in the Army as a doctor. Served at Dervenakia and Drampala.^{[72] [73]}
• Louis Pèlabon (1814–1906) – France. Served in the Navy on the Sirène. Fought at Navarino.^{[74] [75]}

July Revolution (1830)

• Auguste Lebailly (1815–1911) – Orléanist.^{[76] [77]}

Belgian Revolution (1830–1831)

• Johannes van den Boom (1817–1918) – United Netherlands. Joined as a drummer boy at 14.^{[78] [79]}
• Corstiaan Hagers (1811–1915) – United Netherlands. Last holder of the Metal Cross.^{[80] [81]}
• Alexandre Fournier (1812–1914) – France.^{[82] [83]}
• Jean-Philippe Lavalle (1809–1913) – Belgian Rebels.^{[84] [85]}

Black Hawk War (1832)

• Henry L. Riggs (1812–1911) – United States.^[86]

Texas War of Independence (1835–1836)

• William Physick Zuber (1820–1913) – Texas. Last veteran of the Battle of San Jacinto.^{[87] [88]}
• Benjamin Franklin Highsmith (1817–1905) – Texas. Courier at the Alamo.^{[89] [90]}

Ragamuffin War (1835-1845)

• Anísio Manoel de Souza (1822–1938) – Riograndense Republic. Later served in the Paraguayan War. Oldest soldier in Brazilian Army's history.^[91]

• Samuel Filgate (1818–1919) – United Kingdom.^[92]
• Nelson Truax (1818–1915) – Hunters' Lodges. Fought at the Windmill.^[93]
• François X. Matthieu (1818–1914) – Parti Patriote.^[94]

First Opium War (1839–1842)

• John Bubeer (1820–1921) – United Kingdom. Served in the Royal Navy on .^{[95] [96]}

Mexican–American War (1846–1848)

• Owen Thomas Edgar (1831–1929) – United States. Served on the USS Potomac and USS Allegheny.^[97]
• Antonio Rincón Gallardo (– 1928) – Mexico. Enlisted at 13 years old and served at Churubusco in 1847.^[98]

• József Fischl (1827–1929) — Hungary. Served at Isaszeg and Segesvár.^[99]
• István Lebo (1826–1928) — Hungary. Last resident of the Hungarian Veterans Home.
• Artúr Görgey (1818–1916) — Hungary. Last Hungarian General. Survived to WW1 when German Imperial Soldiers would honor him for his fight against the Russian Empire.

Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–1849)

• John Stratford (1829–1932) — East India Company. Fought in the battles of Ramnagar, Challianwala, and Gujrat. Later served in the Anglo-Persian War as well as the Indian Mutiny.^[100]

First Schleswig War (1848–1851)

• Jørgen Jørgensen Birkholm (1829–1931) — Denmark.^[101]
• Detlef Marxen (1826–1930) — Germany.^{[102] [103]}

Crimean War (1853–1856)

• Timothy (circa 1844 – 3 April 2004)  — British Empire. Ship's mascot of HMS Queen (and tortoise).
• James Gray (1836–1939) — British Empire. Served in the Royal Marine Artillery aboard .^[104]
• Yves Prigent (1833–1937) — French Empire. Served in the Navy on the frigate Persévérante.^[105]
• Cotton Edwin Theobald (1836–1936) — British Empire. Officer of the 55th Foot. Possibly last British officer. Also served in the Indian Mutiny and on the North-West Frontier.^[106]
• Edwin Bezar (1838–1936) — British Empire. Hostilities had ceased by the time he arrived; he worked on re-interring the dead and building cemetery walls. Also served in the New Zealand Wars.
• Luigi Parachini (– 1930) — Sardinia. Served under General La Màrmora.^[107]
• Edwin Hughes (1830–1927) — British Empire. Last survivor of Charge of the Light Brigade.^[108]

Eureka Rebellion (1854)

• William Edward Atherdon (1838–1936) — Stockade rebels.^{[109] [110]}

Indian Rebellion (1857–1859)

• Charles Palmer (1847–1940) — British Empire. Nine-year-old boy who participated in the Siege of Lucknow.
• George Chrystie (1841–1939) — British Empire. Last British Army veteran.^{[111] [112]}

New Zealand Wars (1845–1872)

• Thomas Baker (1853–1948) — British Empire. Served in the Armed Constabulary.^[113]
• Te Huia Raureti (c.1840–1935) — Māori. Kīngitanga Warrior. Served under Chief Rewi Maniapoto in the defence of Ōrākau Pā.^{[114] [115]}

Second Italian War of Independence (1859)

• Anton Neubauer (1836–1941) — Austrian Empire. Last survivor of the Battle of Solferino.^{[116] [117]}
• Simone Piffaretti (1843?–1940) — Italy. Fought at San Fermo, Magenta, and Solferino.^[118]
• François Ribet (1835–1936) — French Empire.^[119]
• William John Newby (1832–1934) — British Empire. Last member of British Legion.^[120]

Expedition of the Thousand (1860–1861)

• Giovanni Battista Egisto Sivelli (1843–1934) — Red Shirts. Also fought in the Third War of Independence.^{[121] [122]}

American Civil War (1861–1865)

Union

• Albert Woolson (1850–1956)^[123]

Confederacy

• Last surviving Confederate veterans

Name	Claimed birth date	Believed birth date	Death date	Status
Pleasant Crump	23 December 1847		31 December 1951	Verified
Felix M. Witkoski	5 January 1850	October 1854	3 February 1952	Dubious
Thomas Edwin Ross	19 July 1850		27 March 1952	Possible
Richard William Cumpston	23 May 1841		5 September 1952	Unknown
William Murphy Loudermilk^[124]	23 October 1847^[125]	April 1851^[126]	18 September 1952	Possible
William Joshua Uncle Josh Bush	10 July 1845	July 1846	11 November 1952	Verified^[127]
Arnold Murray^[128]	10 June 1846	1842/1855^[129]	26 November 1952	Possible^[130]
William Daniel Uncle Eli Townsend^[131]	12 April 1846		22 February 1953	Verified^[132]
William Albert Kinney	10 February 1843/1846^[133]	10 February 1861^[134]	23 June 1953	Probable^[135]
Thomas Evans Riddle	16 April 1846^[136]	1862^[137]	2 April 1954	Possible^[138]

Most cases are questionable, though it should be remembered that many Confederate records were destroyed or lost to history. Unlike the U.S. Armed Forces archives, the Confederate Armed Forces records had no official archive system after the war. However, for most of the cases investigated, the ages of the claimants alone were enough to prove their claim was false. Walter Williams was generally acknowledged as the "last Confederate veteran" in 1950s newspapers. However, in September 1959 an exposé by The New York Times revealed that he was in fact born in 1854 in Itawamba County, Mississippi, and not 1842 as claimed. Still, since John B. Salling and all the other claimants were dead, Williams was celebrated as the last Confederate veteran after his death on 20 December 1959.^[139]

Salling's own status is disputed. In 1991, William Marvel examined the claims of Salling and several other "last Civil War veterans" for a piece in the Civil War history magazine Blue & Gray. Marvel found census data that indicated Salling was born in 1858, not 1846. Although in 1900 Salling supplied a birthdate of March 1858, he appears to have been born around 1856, still too late to have served in the Confederate Army. The 1860 census lists him as 4 years old, and the 1870 census as 14.^[140] William Lundy is listed as 1 year old on the 1860 census, and from 1870 until 1930 he gave census marshals ages that reflected birthdates as early as 1853 and as late as 1860. He did not push his birthdate back to the 1840s until he applied for a Confederate pension from the state of Florida. In the same piece, Marvel confirmed Woolson's claim to be the last surviving Union Army veteran and asserted that Woolson was the last genuine Civil War veteran on either side. However, Marvel did not present research establishing who, among the several other Confederate claims from the 1950s, some of which appear to be genuine, was the real last Confederate veteran.

French invasion of Mexico (1861–1867)

• Jules Pujos (1846–1942) – French Empire.^[141]
• Francisco Arellano Zenteno (1842–1935) – Mexico. Fought at the battles of Puebla, La Carbonera and Tuxtepec. Previously served in the Reform War.^[142]

January Uprising (1863–1865)

• Feliks Bartczuk (1846–1946) – Poland.^[143]

Second Schleswig War (1864)

• Ludwig Herman Klein (1846–1943) – Denmark. Last Naval veteran. Served on the Geiser.^[144]
• Ove Henning Jacobsen (1841–1941) – Denmark. Last Army veteran. Fought at Dybbøl.^[145]

Paraguayan War (1864-1870)

• Pedro Guedes do Amaral (1846–1954) – Brazilian Army. Later served in the Federalist Revolution and in the War of Canudos.^{[146] [147]}
• Pedro Hahn (1850–1949) – Brazilian Army. Last German-Brazilian veteran.^{[148] [149]}

Fenian raids (1866–1871)

• Henry Bayles Hooke (1849–1954) – Canada. Fought in the raid of 1866 at Ridgeway.^{[150] [151]}
• William Craig (1850–1951) – Canada. Fought in the raids of 1870–71.^{[152] [153]}

Expedition to Abyssinia (1867–1868)

• Adrian Jones (1845–1938) – British Empire. Served as veterinary officer, believed to be last British survivor. Also served in First Boer War and Nile Expedition.^[154]

Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871)

• Seraphin Pruvost (1849–1955) – France.
• Karl Glöckner (1845–1953) – Germany.

Paris Commune (1871)

• Adrien Lejeune (1847–1942) – Communards. Last Communard.^[155]
• Antonin Desfarges (1851–1941) – Communards. Last député.
• Eugène François Louis Liné (1850–1940) – France.^[156]

Third Anglo-Ashanti War (1873–1874)

• Harry Figg (1855–1953) – British Empire. Died in Sydney, Australia. Also served in the Zulu War, First Boer War and Second Boer War.^{[157] [158]}

• Nene Hatun (1857–1955) — Ottoman Empire. Fought at the Battle of Erzurum.
• Mikhail Promtov (1857–1951) — Imperial Russian Army.

Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880)

• Alfred Hawker (1858–1962) – British Empire. Served in the British Army.^[159]

Zulu War (1879)

• Harry Figg (1855–1953) – British Empire.
• Charles Wallace Warden (c.1854–1953) – British Empire. Transferred to First Foot in 1874.^[160]
• Frank Bourne (1854–1945) – British Empire. Last survivor of Rorke's Drift.

War of the Pacific (1879–1884)

• Ricardo Orellana Olate (1860–1967) – Chile.^{[161] [162] [163]}
• Manuel Elías Bonnemaison Torres (1862–1961) – Peru. Served in the Navy on the Huáscar. Fought at Angamos.^{[164] [165]}

First Boer War (1880–1881)

• Jacob "Jaap" Coetzer (1866–1969) – South African Republic. Boer veteran, served at the Battle of Majuba Hill.^[166]
• Thomas Jelley (1859–1955) – British Empire. Fought at Majuba Hill.^[167]

Anglo-Egyptian War (1882)

• Albert Canning (1861–1960) – British Empire. Served in the 19th Hussars. Also served in the Mahdist War and World War I.^[168]

Mahdist War (1882–1899)

• James Richard Miles (1879–1977) – British Empire. Last British Army veteran of the Battle of Omdurman.^[169]
• Babiker Bedri (1856–1954) – Mahdist Sudan. Mahdist Sudanese warrior and later social activist who pioneered women's education in Sudan.^[170] He was the last surviving Mahdist veteran of the Mahdist War and the Battle of Omdurman.

Nile Expedition (1884–1885)

• Edward Hyde Hamilton Gordon (1861–1955) – British Empire. Last officer.^[171]

North-West Rebellion (1885)

• William Dickie Mills (1866–1971) – Canada. Fought at Fish Creek and Batoche.^[172]
• Jean Dumont (1858–1961) – Provisional Government of Saskatchewan. Fought at Batoche. Nephew of Gabriel Dumont.^[173]

Second Franco-Dahomean War (1892–1894)

• Nawi (– 1979) – Dahomey. Last Dahomey Amazon.^{[174] [175]}

Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898)

• Juan Fajardo Vega (1881–1990) – Cuban rebels. Later served in the 1912 Negro Rebellion and the Cuban Revolution.^[176]

War of Canudos (1896–1897)

• José Ciríaco de Santana (1872–1974) – Canudos inhabitants.^[177]
• Honório Vila Nova (1864–1969) – Canudos inhabitants. Later served in the Revolt of Juazeiro.^[178]

Spanish–American War (1898)

• Jones Morgan (1882–1993) – United States. Served in the U.S. Cavalry.^[179]
• Aurelio Diaz Campillo (1878–1989) – Spain. Served in the Army.^{[180] [181]}
• Archibald M. Forbis (1878–1981) – United States. Served in the U.S. Navy on . Last Navy survivor of the Battle of Manila Bay.^[182]

Second Boer War (1899–1902)

• George Frederick Ives (1881–1993) – British Empire. Last British veteran. Later emigrated to Canada.^[183]
• James Gordon Williams (1880-1988) – British Empire. Last Australian veteran. Later served in First World War and attempted to enlist for the Second World War but was rejected because he was too old.^[184]
• Pieter Arnoldus Krueler (1885–1986) – South African Republic. Later served in both world wars, the Spanish Civil War, and was a mercenary in the Congo Crisis.^[185]

Philippine–American War (1899–1902)

• Nathan E. Cook (1885–1992) – United States. Served in the Navy on .^[186]
• Walter Pleate (1876–1985) — United States. Served in the Army.^[187]

Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901)

• Nathan E. Cook (1885–1992) – United States. Served in the Navy.
• Walter Pleate (1876–1985) — United States. Served in the Army.

20th century

Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905)

• Mamoru Eto (1883–1992) – Empire of Japan.^[188]
• Alex Gory (1881–1989) – Russian Empire.^[189]

Macedonian Struggle (1904–1908)

• Christos Papantoniou (1890–1995) – Greece.^[190]

Potemkin Mutiny (1905)

• Ivan Beshoff (1885–1987) – Potemkin rebels. Fled to Ireland in 1913.^[191]

Revolt of the Lash (1910)

• João Cândido Felisberto (1880–1969) – Leader and last known rebel. Also served in the Federalist Revolution.

Mexican Revolution (1910–1920)

• Juan Carlos Caballero Vega (1900–2010) – Villistas. Pancho Villa's driver.^[192]
• Feliciano Mejia Acevedo (1899–2008) – Zapatistas.^[193]
• Antonio Gómez Delgado (1900–2007) – Villistas.^[194]
• Rafael Lorenzana (1899–2000) – Carrancistas. Became a Villista in 1915 after being captured.^{[195] [196]}
• Teodoro García (1889–1999) – Federales. Fought for Díaz from 1910 to 1911.^{[197] [198]}

Xinhai Revolution (1911–1912)

• Yu Yuzhi (1889–1993) – Tongmenghui. Last participant of the Wuchang Uprising. Also served in the Defense of Yangxia.^[199]

Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912)

• Michele Traini (1892–1996) – Italy. Sent to Libya in 1912. Returned home following WWI.^{[200] [201]}

Balkan Wars (1912–1913)

• Lăcătușu Dumitrașcu (1891–1999) – Romania. Served in the 11th Siret Regiment in 1913. Also served in WWI and WWII.^[202]
• Christos Papantoniou (1890–1995) – Greece. Also served in WWI and WWII.
• Hristo Getov-Obbov (1893–1994) – Bulgaria. Joined the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps in 1912. Also served in WWI.^[203]
• Hüseyin Kaçmaz (1884–1994) – Ottoman Empire. Also served in WWI.^{[204] [205]}
• Danilo Dajković (1895–1993) – Montenegro. Also served in WWI.^[206]

Contestado War (1912–1916)

• Firmino Rodrigues Martim (1894–c.2000) – Brazilian Army (vaqueanos).^[207]
• Altino Bueno da Silva (1903–2014) – Last rebellious child and witness of the slaughter.^[208]

World War I (1914–1918)

See main article: List of last surviving World War I veterans.

• Florence Green (1901–2012) – British Empire. Last Entente veteran and last veteran of World War I. Served as an officer's mess steward in the Royal Air Force; the Women's Royal Air Force.
• Claude Choules (1901–2011) – British Empire. Last combat veteran. Served in the Royal Navy on . Also last veteran to serve in both World Wars.
• Harry Patch (1898–2009) – British Empire. Last soldier to fight in the trenches.
• Franz Künstler (1900–2008) – Austria-Hungary. Last Central Powers veteran.

Easter Rising (1916)

• John "Jack" Rogers (1894–2000) – United Kingdom. Served in the Sherwood Foresters. Also served in WWI.^[209]
• Frederick Watson (1900–1997) – United Kingdom. Served in the Royal Dublin Fusiliers.^[210]
• Lily Kempson (1897–1996) – Irish Republic. Served in the Irish Citizen Army.^[211]
• William Conor Hogan (1898–1995) – Irish Republic. Served in the Irish Volunteers. Also served in the War of Independence and the Civil War.^{[212] [213] [214]}

October Revolution (1917)

• Boris Gudz (1902–2006) – Red Army. Also fought in the Russian Civil War.^[215]

Russian Civil War (1917–1922)

Russian participants:

• Vladimir Shostak (1905–2010) – White Army. Also fought in World War II with the First Russian National Army.^[216]
• Anatoly A. Wolin (1902–2007) – Red Army.^[217]
• Boris Gudz (1902–2006) – Red Army. Also fought in October Revolution.
• Igor Talysin (1898–2004) – White Army.^[218]
• Nikolai Fyodorov (1901–2003) – White Army.^[219]

Veterans of Allied Intervention:

• Yasuichi Sasaki (1898–2006) – Japan. Discharged as a Corporal in 1920.^[220]
• Warren V. Hileman (1901–2005) – United States. Stationed in Vladivostok.^{[221] [222]}
• Harold Edwin Radford (1897–2003) – Canada. Stationed in Vladivostok.^[223]
• Alois Vocásek (1896–2003) – Czechoslovakia. Fought as a Legionnaire throughout Siberia on the Trans-Siberian Railway.^{[224] [225]}
• Jean Piry (1896–2003) – France.^{[226] [227]}
• Frank William Ivers (1902–2003) – United Kingdom. Last Naval veteran. Served in Royal Navy off Northern Russia.
• Harold Gunnes (1899–2003) – United States. Last veteran of the Polar Bear Expedition. Saw action against the Bolsheviks on in 1918.

Finnish Civil War (1918)

• Lauri Nurminen (1906–2009) – White Guards.^[228]
• Aarne Arvonen (1897–2009) – Red Guards.^[229]

• Jan Rzepa (1899–2005) – Poland.^{[230] [231]}

• Helmut Fink (1901–2009) – Weimar Republic. Served in the Freikorps.^[232]

Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–1919)

• Grigory Ivanovich Kovpak (1905–2010) – Ukraine. Served in the Ukrainian Galician Army.^{[233] [234]}
• Aleksander Sałacki (1904–2008) – Poland. Last Lwów Eaglet.^{[235] [236]}

Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920)

• Ants Ilus (1901–2006) – Estonia.^{[237] [238]}
• Paavo Takula (1901–2004) – Finland. Last volunteer.^{[239] [240]}
• Karl Jaanus (1899–2000) – Estonia. Last surviving Cross of Liberty recipient awarded during war.^[241]

Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920)

• Arnolds Hofmanis (1900–2006) – Latvia. Died in Tukums, Latvia.^[242]
• Arvīds Lauris (1901–2003) – Latvia. Last surviving Order of Lāčplēsis recipient awarded during war.^[243]
• Kurt Andersen (1898–2003) – Germany. Served in the Iron Division.

Lithuanian Wars of Independence (1918–1920)

• Kazys Varkala (1900–2005) – Lithuania. Fought against the Soviets and the Bermontians.^[244]
• Česlovas Januškevičius (1900–2001) – Lithuania. Last surviving Cross of Vytis recipient awarded during war. Fought the Polish in 1920.^{[245] [246]}

Irish War of Independence (1919–1921)

• Dan Keating (1902–2007) – Ireland. Served in the Irish Republican Army.^[247]
• Bert Clark (1899–2005) – United Kingdom. Served in the British Army.^{[248] [249]}
• Hugh McIvor (1901–2002) – United Kingdom. Last member of the Royal Irish Constabulary^[250]

Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921)

• Alexander Imich (1903–2014) – Poland.^[251]

Silesian Uprisings (1919–1921)

• Wilhelm Meisel (1904–2009) – Silesian rebels.^{[252] [253]}

Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923)

• Salih Kuru (1906–2012) – Turkey. Carried ammunition to fronts.^[254]
• Mustafa Şekip Birgöl (1903–2008) – Turkey. Last combat veteran. Served in the Kuva-yi Milliye and later Turkish Armed Forces.^[255]

Rif War (1920–1926)

• Francisco Nunez Olivera (1904–2018) – Spain.^{[256] [257]}

Coto War (1921)

• Reinel Cianca Gutiérrez (1901–2002) – Panama.^{[258] [259] [260]}

18 of the Copacabana Fort revolt (1922)

• Altino Gomes da Silva (1904–1996) – Tenentistas.

March on Rome (1922)

• Vasco Bruttomesso (1903–2009) – National Fascist Party.^[261]

Irish Civil War (1922–1923)

• Dan Keating (1902–2007) – Irish Republic. Served in the Anti-treaty Irish Republican Army.^[247]
• Seán Clancy (1901–2006) – Irish Free State. Served in the Pro-treaty National Army.^[262]

Northern Expedition (1926–1928)

• Hao Quande (1912–2017) – Republic of China. Joined the National Revolutionary Army in 1927. Last veteran of the 19th Route Army.^[263]

Cristero War (1926–1929)

• Juan Daniel Macías Villegas (1912–2016) – Cristeros.^[264]

Chittagong armoury raid (1930)

• Binod Bihari Chowdhury (1911–2013) – Anushilan Samiti.^[265]

• Olimpio Martins Pires (1910–2020) – New State. Served as an MP in Minas Gerais. Also participated in the Revolution of 1932.^{[266] [267]}

January 28 incident (1932)

• Huang Shengyong (1905–2017) – Republic of China. Penultimate veteran of the 19th Route Army.^{[268] [269]}

Constitutionalist Revolution (1932)

• Alfredo Pires Filho (1920–2021) – São Paulo. Last rebel Boy Scout messenger. Later trained the Brazilian pilots during the World War II.^[270]
• Olimpio Martins Pires (1910–2020) – Brazil. Served in the PMMG. Also participated in the Revolution of 1930.^{[266] [267]}
• Maria de Lourdes Pinto Picarelli (1913–2019) – São Paulo. Last female rebel combattant.^{[271] [272]}
• Arlindo Leonardo Ribeiro (1913–2019) – São Paulo. Last Barretos rebel combattant.^[273]
• Zuleika Sucupira Kenworthy (1912–2017) – São Paulo. Last Jundiaí rebel combattant.^[274]
• José Mango (1913–2015) – São Paulo. Last rebel veteran of the Battle of Gravi.^[275]
• Natalino Antonio Augusto (1910–2014) – São Paulo. Last Campinas rebel combattant.^[276]
• Osvaldo Rafael Santiago (1915–2013) – São Paulo. Last Itapetininga rebel combattant.^[277]
• José Luiz Silveira (1909–c. 2011) – Brazil. Served in the BMRS. Last Battle of Cerro Alegre combattant. Also participated in the Revolution of 1923 and in the Revolution of 1930.^{[278] [279] [280]}

Long March (1934–1935)

• Tu Tongjin (1914–2023) – Chinese Red Army.^{[281] [282]}

• Antero de Almeida (1906–2014) – National Liberation Alliance.^[283]

Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

• Miquel Morera i Darbra (1920-) – Spanish Republic. As of 2024, one of the last known survivors of the Leva del biberón, the youngest generation that went to the front.^[284]
• Eulogio Dorta (1917-) – Nationalist faction. Likely the last Nationalist veteran.^[285]
• Mateo Balbuena Iglesias (1913–2024) – Spanish Republic. Last veteran of the Basque Army.^[286]
• Ángeles Flórez Peón (1918–2024) – Spanish Republic. Considered the last of the Milicianas in the Spanish Civil War.^{[287] [288]}
• Josep Almudéver Mateu (1919–2021) – Spanish Republic. Last veteran of the International Brigades.^[289]
• Delmer Berg (1915–2016) – Spanish Republic. Last veteran of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
• Günther Scholz (1911–2014) – Germany. Last veteran of the Condor Legion.

• José Júnior Barata (1916–2014) – Portuguese Navy rebels.^{[290] [291]}

World War II (1939–1945)

• See List of last surviving World War II veterans

Korean War (1950–1953)

• Last surviving Korean War flying aces:
  • Charles G. Cleveland (1927–2021) – United States.^[292]
  • Sergey Kramarenko (1923–2020) – Soviet Union.^[293]
  • Wang Hai (1926–2020) – China.^[294]
• Ralph Puckett (1926–2024) – United States. Last living Medal of Honor recipient.^[295]
• Bill Speakman (1927–2018) – United Kingdom. Last Victoria Cross recipient. Served in the Black Watch, British Army.^[296]

See also

• List of last surviving veterans of military operations
• List of centenarians (military commanders and soldiers)
• List of last surviving World War I veterans
• List of last surviving Canadian war veterans
• Last European veterans by war
• Last surviving United States war veterans

Notes and References

1. http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0010.html Schmitz, 'Aristodemus of Sparta,' 1867
2. Web site: Livy's History of Rome. mcadams.posc.mu.edu. 14 August 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20130305155317/http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ah/Livy/Livy10.html. 5 March 2013. dead.
3. Book: معرفة الصحابة لأبي نعيم تحقيق عادل العزازي – 1. IslamKotob. 2369. 16 November 2018. ar. IslamKotob.
4. Edward T. Beaumont, J.P. The Beaumonts in History. A.D. 850–1850. Oxford.
5. Mowbray and the Moors. Wainwright Walks: Coast to Coast . . 7 May 2009. 5 .
6. Robinson. Tancred. A Letter Giving an Account of One Henry Jenkins a Yorkshire Man, Who Attained the Age of 169 Years, Communicated by Dr. Tancred Robinson F. of the Coll. of Physitians, et R. S. with His Remarks on It. Philosophical Transactions. 1695. 19. 221. 266–268. 102306. 10.1098/rstl.1695.0038. free.
7. Jeune and Vaupel, p.45.
8. Book: Validation of exceptional longevity. University Press of Southern Denmark. Odense. 1999. Jeune, Bernard . . 978-87-7838-466-9.
9. Jeune and Vaupel, p.61.
10. Book: The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 8; Volume 20. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1998. 978-0-85229-633-2. 428. registration.
11. News: 'Eagleville Boy' at 103: One of the last Indian fighters. The Pharos Tribune. Newspapers.com. 6 September 1979. 9. 27 October 2018.
12. News: Services for Otto D. Van Norman. The Redding Record Searchlight. 17 March 1981. 27 October 2018.
13. News: LAST VET OF INDIAN WARS DIES AT AGE 101. subscription. The Chicago Tribune. 19 June 1973. Newspapers.com. 63. 27 October 2018.
14. Deaths. American Legion National Headquarters. The American Legion Magazine. 92. 2. 38. February 1972. 27 October 2018.
15. Book: Westerners brand book, Volumes 22–25. Siedlce. Chicago Corral of the Westerners. 1965. 24.
16. News: Death Takes Indian Scout John Daw, 95. The Phoenix Gazette Trails. 16 June 1965. 17. Newspaperarchive.com. 27 October 2018.
17. Web site: 129 years after Little Big Horn. Gallup Independent. 11 March 2006. 18 October 2010. Hopkins. John Christian. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20101027164738/http://www.gallupindependent.com/2006/mar/031106ltlhrn.html. 27 October 2010.
18. Book: Little Bighorn: Winning the Battle, Losing the War. Lawson, Michael L. . Rosier, Paul C. . 978-0-7910-9347-4. Infobase Publishing. 2007. 126.
19. Book: Guinn, James Miller. A History of California and an Extended History of Its Southern Coast Counties: Also Containing Biographies of Well-known Citizens of the Past and Present. 2. 1907. 1391. Cal., Historic record Company. 27 October 2018.
20. Book: Owen, Thomas McAdory. Transactions of the Alabama Historical Society. Alabama Historical Society. 95. 1898. 2. 27 October 2018.
21. Book: The Creek War of 1813 and 1814. josiah allen sam dale.. 142. Halbert, Henry Sale. Ball, Timothy Horton. 1895. Donohue & Henneberr. 27 October 2018.
22. Book: White, William. Notes and queries, Volume 114. Oxford University Press. Oxford. 1906. 82.
23. News: It's a grand life for Chelsea's men in scarlet. The Independent. 9 May 1999. 25 January 2009. Winder. Robert.
24. News: A SOLDIER OF GREAT AGE.. The New York Times. 10 February 1886. 17 October 2011.
25. Book: Representative Men and Old Families of Rhode Island: Genealogical Records and Historical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens and of Many of the Old Families. 1908. J. H. Beers & Co.. 618. 1. 30 June 2020.
26. Dunkin, A. J. (1855). "The Haddocks of Wrotham". The Archaeological mine, antiquarian nuggets relating to Kent. London: John Russell Smith. pp. 43–8.
27. Web site: Петро Калнишевський - останній кошовий Запорізької Січі | КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського. kpi.ua.
28. Web site: Калнышевский, Петр Иванович.
29. Book: Topelius, Zacharias. Fältskärns berättelse. 4. sv. 1908. Bonnier, Albert. 14. 26 October 2018.
30. Book: Palmén, Ernst Gustaf. Oma maa: Toukokuu-Kesäku. 636. Söderström. 1908. fi. 26 October 2018.
31. Book: Grant, James. British battles on land and sea. 1873. 1. 359. Cassell, Petter, and Galpin. 14 August 2017.
32. Book: Bailey, Thomas. Records of longevity, with an introductory discourse on vital statistics. ambrose.. 79, 101. 1857. Darton. 14 August 2017.
33. Book: Love, Dana. Jacobite Stories. Neil Wilson Publishing. 2013. 9781906476434.
34. Book: Brown. Charles Brockden. Charles Brockden Brown. Walsh. Robert. Robert Walsh (diplomat). The American register, or general repository of history, politics and science, Volume 2. 408. 1808. C & A. Conrad and Company. Philadelphia.
35. Web site: Colonial Intrigue: It's possible that the last surviving veteran of the French & Indian War is buried in Warren. Cotton. Josh. 22 July 2017. www.timesobserver.com. The Times Observer. en-US. 2018-07-23.
36. Book: The American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year 1844. 328. 1843. 15. Gray and Bowen. 15 November 2018.
37. Book: Lineage Book. 17. Daughters of the American Revolution. Daughters of the American Revolution. 1904. 301. 15 November 2018.
38. Book: The American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge For The Year 1838. 1838. 313. Gray and Bowen. 9. 15 November 2018.
39. Marcel. Hamelin. Chartier de Lotbinière. Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain. 6.
40. Book: Behrens, Johann H.. Lebensgeschichte des 105-jährigen in Wolfenbüttel lebenden Invaliden-Unterofficiers Joh. Heinr. Behrens eines Zeitgenossen und Kriegers Friedrich's des Großen. Wolfenbüttel. de. Holle. 1840. 944–950.
41. Book: Hazard, Samuel. Hazard's United States Commercial and Statistical Register. 5. 1841. W. F. Geddes. 76. September 10, 2016.
42. Book: Nouvelle biographie générale depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à nos jours avec les renseignements bibliographiques et l'indication des sources à consulter. Hoefer, M. . . fr. Paris, Firmin Didot frères, fils et cie. 1857. Paris.
43. Book: Taylor, Maureen Alice. The Last Muster: Images of the Revolutionary War Generation. Kent State University Press. 2010. 9781606350553. 5 November 2018.
44. Book: Private Dalzell, his autobiography, poems, and comic war papers, sketch of John Gray, Washington's last soldier, etc. R. Clarke. 1868. 189. Dalzell, James McCormick . Gray, John .
45. Web site: Nossos Inconfidentes. Prefeitura Municipal de Resende Costa. 2012. 2021-08-22. 2021-08-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20210822000105/https://www.resendecosta.mg.gov.br/?Meio=Pagina&INT_PAG=2896. dead.
46. Book: Treves, E.. L'Illustrazione popolare. it. 20. 542. 1884.
47. News: Een veteraan van Napoleon's leger. 2. Haarlemsch Advertentieblad. nl. February 27, 1884.
48. Book: Necrological Table. 1873. The British Almanac. 2012-08-13.
49. Book: Mathieu, Frédéric. Napoléon, les derniers témoins. fr. 2008. Éditions Sébirot. 978-2-9532726-0-4.
50. Web site: The last survivor of the 1798 rebellion – Irish history podcast. irishhistorypodcast.ie. 25 March 2012 . 14 August 2017.
51. Book: Lambruso, Albert. Revue Napoléonienne. 1902. F. Casanova. 189–190. 1–2. 6 January 2012.
52. Web site: Louis-Victor Baillot, le dernier survivant de Waterloo.. fr. Histoire du Consulat et du Premier Empire. 1998. 19 October 2010. Bibet/Librairie des deux empires. Jean-Pierre. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040632/http://www.histoire-empire.org/articles/baillot.htm. 19 July 2011.
53. Web site: The mystery of Waterloo's last living soldier. Michael. Prodger. June 8, 2021.
54. News: Commander Henry James. subscription. The Westminster Budget. 30. Newspapers.com. 14 January 1898. 3 August 2019.
55. Veteran Officers Of The Navy. The Navy and Army Illustrated. 4. 1897. Hudson & Kearns. Robinson, Charles N.. 46. 258. 3 August 2019.
56. News: Nordenfjeldsk Tidende. Lars Kike: En af Gamlekarene fra 1814. no. 27 January 1897. 3. 28 October 2018.
57. News: Glommendalen. En Veteranen. 1 January 1896. no. 2. 28 October 2018.
58. Book: Glover, Gareth. Waterloo in 100 Objects. 2015. The History Press. 9780750964487. 12 June 2019.
59. Book: The Annual Register: A Review of Public Events at Home and Abroad for the Year 1893. 1894. 173. Longmans, Green, and Co.. 12 June 2019.
60. Book: Adkins, Roy. Nelson's Trafalgar: The Battle That Changed the World. Penguin Books. 2006.
61. Book: Trafalgar: The men, the battle, the storm. Hodder & Stoughton. Craig, Phil. Claytonu, Tim. 2012. 9781444719772. 12 June 2019.
62. Book: Fraser, Edward. The enemy at Trafalgar. gaspar costela vasquez trafalgar.. 1906. 259. D. P. Dutton. 12 June 2019.
63. Book: Alzamov, Boris. Петербург – столица русской гвардии. История гвардейских подразделений. Структура войск. Боевые действия. Выдающиеся личности. 2017. ru. LitRes. 9785457879881. 28 October 2018.
64. Web site: Explore the Royal Collection online . 2024-06-25 . www.rct.uk . en.
65. News: Battle of Trafalgar remembered. The Gibraltar Chronicle. 23 October 2018. 28 October 2018.
66. Der letzte Veteran von 1813, August Schmidt in Wolgast. 1899. Adolf Kröner. de. Der letzte Veteran von 1813, August Schmidt in Wolgast.
67. Vater Schmidt in Wolgast und seine Kameraden. Holzhausen. Paul . Adolf Kröner. 1895 . 154–157. de. Vater Schmidt in Wolgast und seine Kameraden.
68. Book: Henley, Benjamin James. The art of longevity .... New Warner Co. 1911. 205–208. Syracause.
69. Among Our Contemporaries. United Service: A Monthly Review of Military and Naval. L. R. Hamersly & Company. 14. 564. 1895. 3 August 2019.
70. News: Last Survivor of Seminole War Succumbs at 99 . . . February 12, 1917 .
71. Book: Douglas-Morris, Kenneth. Naval General Service Medal Roll 1793–1840. April 19, 2012. Andrews UK Limited. 310. 9781781505014.
72. News: Απόστολος Μαυρογένης: Ο πρώτος στρατιωτικός ιατρός της επανάστασης του 1821. el. 14 August 2013. NewsNow. NewsNow.org. 13 May 2019.
73. Web site: Μαυρογένης Απόστολος. National Hellenic Research Foundation. Pandektis.ekt.gr. 13 May 2019.
74. News: Un Combattant de Navarin. fr. 20 October 1906. La Lanterne. 1. 30 April 2019.
75. Book: Revue de Provence. 9. fr. 1907. P. Ruat. 26. 30 April 2019.
76. News: Last Survivor of July Revolution Is Dead. 42. 3 December 1911. The San Francisco Call. 24 August 2014.
77. Book: Je sais tout. 1. 1905. Pierre Lafitte Publications. 470. 24 August 2014. fr.
78. News: Gisteren herdacht de oud-stijder. nl. Leidsch Dagblad. 9 July 1912. 5. 12 May 2019.
79. News: Een oud-strijder. nl. Leidsche Courant. 11 December 1918. 4. 12 May 2019.
80. News: De laatste Metalen-Kruisridder. nl. Leidsche Courant. 9 November 1915. 2. 12 May 2019.
81. News: Een oude oud-strijder. nl. Leidsche Courant. 4 October 1912. 3. 12 May 2019.
82. News: Le Centenaire de Maincy. 2. fr. 28 December 1911. Le Petit Journal. 23 April 2018.
83. News: Centenaire décoré. La Croix. fr. 11 February 1912. 23 April 2018. 1–2.
84. Miroir de l'histoire. fr. Nouvelle librairie de France. 30 March 2018. 1979. 313–320. 669.
85. Le dernier survivant des combattants de 1830. fr. Bruxelles. L'Expansion belge. 30 March 2018. 1909. 5. 692.
86. News: Death of the Last Survivor of the Black Hawk War.. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. 1922. 14.
87. Web site: ZUBER, WILLIAM PHYSICK. Blake. Robert Bruce. Texas State Historical Association. 17 November 2018.
88. Book: The Magnificent Barbarians: Little-told Tales of the Texas Revolution. Eakins Press. Walraven, Bill. Walraven, Marjorie K.. 43. 1993. 9780890158739. 17 November 2018.
89. News: Last Courier from the Alamo . . 12 . 18 December 1905 . 10 October 2019 . Newspapers.com.
90. News: The Alamo's Messenger . 17 January 1906 . 2 . The Star and Enterprise . 10 October 2019 . Newspapers.com.
91. News: CABO MANOEL DE SOUZA: Considerado o soldado mais velho do exército, Cabo Manoel de Souza, veterano da guerra do Paraguai, se recusou a se aposentar e serviu até os 113 anos. Foco no Fato. 21 July 2021. 21 August 2021.
92. News: Captain Filgate Died in His 101st Year. subscription. Newspapers.com. The Montreal Gazette. 28 January 1919. 7. 20 April 2020.
93. News: Nelson Truax, Last Survivor of the Battle of the Windmill. The Watertown Daily Times. subscription. 1923. 29 April 2016. 10 June 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160610163748/http://www.nnygenealogy.com/pages/patriotwar/patriotwar-truax.html. dead.
94. Book: Lyman, H.S.. Reminiscences of FX Matthieu. 1. Oregon Historical Society. Portland. 1900.
95. News: The Daily Herald. HIS 101st BIRTHDAY. 21 Jan 1921. 13 May 2019.
96. News: The Western Morning News. Brixham Centenarian: Survivor of China War of 1842. 21 Jan 1921. 13 May 2019.
97. [Associated Press]
98. News: Last Mexican Veteran Of War With U. S. Dies. Feb 6, 1928. subscription. The Evening News. Newspapers.com.
99. Web site: Százkét éves korában influenzában meghalt a legutolsó negyvennyolcas honvéd. March 1929. Huszadik Század. 2014-06-21.
100. News: Wolverhampton says goodbye to a century-old soldier. Black Country Bugle. 24 November 2005. 24 August 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923191730/http://www.blackcountrybugle.co.uk/Wolverhampton-says-goodbye-centuryold-soldier/story-20136926-detail/story.html. 23 September 2015. dead.
101. Web site: En Veteran Fra 48, der fylder 100 Ar. da. MyHeritage. 8 August 2014.
102. News: War Veteran of 104. The Auckland Star. 3. 14 June 1930. 29 April 2016.
103. Book: Das Echo: Mit Beiblatt Deutsche Export Revue. Wochenzeitung Für Politik, Literatur, Export und Import. 49. 1930. 756. de. Auslandverlag.
104. A Last Survivor Of The Crimean War?. Austin. Dr. Douglas J.. 6–11. April 2011. 29. 1. Crimean War Research Society. The War Correspondent. 16 January 2019.
105. News: Le Doyen des Français, M. Yves Prigent, Est Mort Hier Matin a Portsall. fr. L'Ouest-Éclair. 5. 19 May 1937. 23 April 2018.
106. News: Officer Who Joined The Army in 1854 Bournemouth. 25 July 1936. 17. Newspapers.com. The Montreal Gazette. subscription. 16 January 2019.
107. News: LAST SURVIVOR OF CRIMEA WAR DIES BUSTO ARSIZIO. Newspapers.com. The Sandusky Register. subscription. Sandusky, Ohio. 28 May 1930. 30 September 2015.
108. News: Hall of Fame: Balaclava Ned. BBC News. 27 July 2009. 20 October 2010.
109. News: EUREKA STOCKADE RECALLED: William Edward Atherdon, (96). Trove.nla.gov. 29 May 1934. 3. The Kyogle Examiner. 29 May 2019.
110. News: LAST SURVIVOR OF EUREKA STOCKADE.. Trove.nla.gov. 6. 15 May 1934. The Daily Mercury. 29 May 2019.
111. News: ONLY ONE LEFT NOW – INDIAN MUTINY SURVIVOR. Trove.nla.gov. The Tweed Daily. July 13, 1939. 2. January 8, 2018.
112. News: Fought In The Mutiny. 8. Trove.nla.gov. The Voice. August 12, 1939. January 8, 2018.
113. News: VETERAN OF MAORI WARS. The Bay of Plenty Times. 10 June 1948. 4. 76. 14693. 30 October 2018.
114. News: Last Survivor: Orakau Warriors. 7. 15 June 1935. The Auckland Star. 140. 66. 30 October 2018.
115. News: DEATH OF MAORI CHIEF. 11. 11 June 1935. The Auckland Star. 22132. 73. 30 October 2018.
116. News: Hero Celebrates 100th Birthday. subscription. The Ogden Standard-Examiner. Newspapers.com. July 16, 1936. 4. September 10, 2016.
117. Book: Marwil, J.. Visiting Modern War in Risorgimento Italy. Springer. 2010. 9780230117556. September 10, 2016.
118. News: La morte nel Comasco di un vecchio garibaldino. it. 3 April 1940. La Stampa. 4.
119. Web site: Campagnes de Crimée (1853–1856), d'Italie (1859), d'Afrique (1864), du Mexique (1862–1867). derniersveterans.free.fr. fr. September 10, 2016.
120. News: Garibaldi Survivor. March 28, 1934. The Barrier Miner. 4.
121. News: la bandiera della Società dei Mille offerta al Duce dall'on, Ezio Garibaldi. it. 20 December 1934. 9. La Stampa. 29 May 2019.
122. News: Fought With Garibaldi: Last of the Famous "Thousand". Trove.nla.gov. The Courier-Mail. 23 August 1934. 10. 16 March 2018.
123. Web site: Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War: Albert Woolson. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War. 1956. 20 October 2010. The Banner. 13 August 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20040813080654/http://suvcw.org/pcinc/woolson.htm. dead.
124. Web site: WILLIAM LOUDERMILK, THE LAST CONFEDERATE. Couch Genealogy. 2010-11-07. Polston. Mike.
125. 'George Washington Loudermilk's Ancestors." Aline Loudermilk Jones compiled this massive genealogy 2007. It is online. The 1930 census also gives him a birth date consistent with late 1847. Between 1949 and his death in 1952 three Arkansas newspapers and four nationwide papers and magazines gave his age as being consistent with a birth date of late 1847 and 'The New York Times' was specific. The stories were not syndicated.
126. Web site: 1900 US Census gives age as 49. The censuses give Loudermilk a wide range of ages, some make him younger than a decade before, other age him nineteen years in ten. . 14 August 2017.
127. William Joshua Bush shows up as enlisted in Company B Ramah Guards, 14th Georgia Infantry where he served from July 1861 to his discharge that October. His service with the Georgia State Militia from October 1864 to their surrender in late April 1865 was also verified by the Georgia State Pensions in 1936 (see http://cdm.sos. state ga.us 2011/cdm/compoundobject collection/Testapps/id/149449/rec/1) apart from the muster rolls the adjutant-general verified his other documents. These include his soldier's card, a pay slip and his 1861 discharge. Between them these documents bear five different signatures. Bush may have also served in the 66th Georgia between August 1863 and October 1864.
128. Web site: ARNOLD MURRAY Confederate Veteran living in 1950. Sons of Confederate Veterans. 2005-08-05. 2010-11-07. 2011-06-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20110613025803/http://genforum.genealogy.com/sc/orangeburg/messages/415.html. dead.
129. "ARNOLD MURRAY Confederate Veteran living in 1950." Posted J. Block August 5th 2005. This article mentions the stated 1854/1855 census birthdate – and also the 1920 census birthdate for 1847–48. The censuses of 1910 1930 and 1940 also give 1840s birthdates. Life magazine in the May 30th issue on page 9 gives his age as 101. In The South's Last Boys in Gray Professor J S. Hoar lists twenty-two known enlisted Confederates under eleven. See pp1733-1734.
130. TennRebGirl.com 3/4/14 has him in a group photo at a 1913 Confederate reunion. In the 1930 census he affirmed both Civil War service and a birthdate in the later 1840s.
131. Web site: Last Surviving Confederate Veterans. Genealogy Trails. 2010-11-07.
132. Townsend's 1861 enlistment in Company B. 27th Louisiana Infantry is recorded on their muster roll in Andrew B. Booth's Military Records of Louisiana Confederate Soldiers and Louisiana Confederate Commands. and also in the LouisianaInfantryDataBase. ancestry.com has six primary source documents in his name; an 1862 sickness furlough, a clothing allocation, a Vicksburg prisoner of war roll where he is listed and his signed parole.
133. In Professor Jay S. Hoar's The South's Last Boy's in Gray(page 1700) he states that Kiney lied about his age by three years so as to be old enough to enlist. The 1850 census gives his age as four and his birthplace as Bracken County Kentucky. The first names of his parents in that document match those in a 1991 letter to Professor Hoar written by Kiney's granddaughter.
134. This birthdate comes from the February 1991 article "The Great Imposters" by William Marvel and is also in the 1900 and 1920 censuses for a man who spells his name Kinney. This birthdate also appears in a March 1920 marriage record for a William A. Kiney of Indianapolis. Kiney lived in this city.
135. Kiney has three primary source records of his enlistments apart from records kept by his family. In Official Records it states that he was in 5th Regiment Kentucky Mounted Infantry. This enlistment is also mentioned in Kentucky Adjutant General's Report – Confederate Volunteers 1861–1865, Vol.1 page 254 entry 80, where Kiney's enlistment is dated on November 1st 1861. Wikipedia's entry on this unit states that they were disbanded in October 1862 and the troops were given a three way choice, discharge, reenlistment or joining the Kentucky Cavalry. Kiney went with the last option as he enlisted in Company l of Diamond's 10th Kentucky Cavalry on 18th November 1863. (This extract is from the book The 10th Kentucky Cavalry CSA by John B. Wells & Jim Pritchard. See Roster of Diamond's 10th Kentucky Cavalry CSA www.potterflats.com10thKyhtml) Professor Hoare's segment on Kiney in The South's Last Boys in Gray reproduces an excerpt of Lloyd B. Walton's article "He's a Man Even at 109" from The Indianapolis Times September 14th 1952. Here Kiney speaks of his Civil War experience, recalling that he was in most of the war and that Shiloh was his toughest fight. His tombstone has the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry inscribed as his unit. They are not known to have had a muster roll.
136. This information comes from the 1850 census. Later censuses give a wide range of dates.
137. Web site: 1910 Census gives age as 48. . 14 August 2017.
138. Thomas Evans Riddle is enlisted under his full name in the reproduced muster roll in Terry D. Lowry's History of the 22nd Virginia Infantry. He is also listed as just Thomas Riddle and in the same company in John C. Wayland's Muster Roll of Confederate Soldiers. He apparently transferred regiments for in Official Recordshe appears on the muster roll of Company I 33rd Virginia Infantry. John B. Sheets of that same company kept a diary where Thomas Riddle is mentioned on February 26th 1863. Against this evidence is the fact that Lowry cautions against believing Riddle and that some of Riddle's descendants warn that due to census information, he could not have served in the Civil War. See their website "Our Family" by David Autry.
139. Web site: The Associated Press. The New York Times. 20 December 1959. Reputed Last Civil War Veteran Dies in Texas After Long Illness: Walter Williams Put His Age at 117 – Tributes Note the End of an Era. 17 October 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120328015838/http://alt.nntp2http.com/obituaries/2006/12/11e4275470a2d5ff1e43f077fe39bbdd.html. 28 March 2012. dead.
140. Book: Marvel, William. The great imposters. Blue and Gray. VIII. 3. 1991. 32–33. Columbus.
141. News: légion d'honneur. Journal officiel de la République française. 12 January 1937. 508. 30 October 2018.
142. Web site: Murio Ayer el Ultimo Veterano del 5 de Mayo. es. Gobierno Municipal de Puebla. 8 August 2014. 26 August 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120525/http://www.adabi.org.mx/content/descargas/pregonero6.pdf. dead.
143. Book: Żołnierska danina życia od 1657 roku. Jakubik, Marian . Kołodziejczyk, Arkadiusz . IHAP. 2002. 158. 978-83-87088-59-0. pl.
144. da. Under Dannebrog. Den sidste Marine-Veteran død. The Last Naval Veteran is dead. The Danish Navy Association. February 1943. 2. 16. 20 March 2019. 18 May 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200518164834/http://marineforeningen.dk/mtud/bladarkiv/1943/Nr.%202_1943.pdf. dead.
145. Book: Personalhistorisk tidsskrift. 2003. 29. Society for Danish Genealogy and Staff History. da. 30 October 2018.
146. News: O VETERANO PEDRO: Palavras e Cicatrizes. Revista do Globo. 1950. 21 August 2021.
147. Web site: ESQUECERAM DO PEDRO: O VETERANO GABRIELENSE PEDRO GUEDES DO AMARAL. Marcos do Pampa (Facebook). 9 Jan 2021. 21 August 2021.
148. Web site: Biblioteca Pública Municipal Pedro Hahn. Prefeitura Municipal de Feliz. pt. 21 August 2021.
149. Web site: Biblioteca Pública Municipal Pedro Hahn comemora 55 anos. Prefeitura Municipal de Feliz. pt. 21 August 2021.
150. Centenarians: The New Generation. Kernodle. R. Beard. Belle. Nera. Wilson. Albert. Wilson. September 1991. 28. Contemporary Sociology. American Sociological Association. 20. 5. 10.2307/2072275. 2072275.
151. News: Leonia Man Honored At 101st Birthday. 14. 17 July 1950. subscription. The Herald-News. Newspapers.com. 20 April 2020.
152. News: Fenian Raid Veteran Wm Craig, 102, Dies. The Ottawa Journal. 13 February 1951. subscription. 7. 30 April 2019.
153. News: Legionnaire Veteran Of Fenian Raids. 11 July 1949. 2. Newspapers.com. The Edmonton Journal. subscription. 30 April 2019.
154. Web site: Inventory Search. nam.ac.uk. National Army Museum. 30 October 2018.
155. Book: Bowd, Gavin. Le dernier communard: Adrien Lejeune. fr. 978-2-296-02974-3. Editions L'Harmattan. 2007.
156. News: Les obsèques de M. Liné. Le Journal de l'Orne. 10 February 1940. 2. fr. 8 November 2018. 8 November 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181108184423/http://www.normannia.info/ark%3A/86186/1q7vr#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0. dead.
157. News: OBSERVANCE OF EMPIRE DAY. Trove.nla.gov. The Sydney Morning Herald. 5. 24 May 1947. 30 October 2018.
158. News: Mr. Figg, Zulu War Veteran, Dies. The Sunday Herald. Trove.nla.gov. 5. 24 May 1953. 30 October 2018.
159. Book: McWhirter . Norris . Norris McWhirter . McWhirter . Ross . Ross McWhirter . . 1972 . Guinness Superlatives Ltd . 196 . 0-900424-06-0.
160. Book: Warre, H.J.. Historical records of the Fifty-seventh, or, West Middlesex Regiment of Foot. Charles Wallace Warden.. W. Mitchell and Co. 1878. 229.
161. Book: El Archivo de la noticia de Chile y el mundo. es. Editorial Serojedo.. 136. 1967. 30 October 2018.
162. Book: Diario de sesiones del Senado. es. 2. Chile. Congreso Nacional. Senado. Imprenta Nacional. 1037. 1965. 30 October 2018.
163. Book: Hispano Americano: semanario de la vida y la verdad. 50. es. Tiempo S.A. de C.V.. 72. 1966. 30 October 2018.
164. Revista de la Sociedad Fundadores de la Independencia, Vencedores el Dos de Mayo de 1866 y Defensores Calificados de la Patria. es. 19-22. 1961. Sociedad Fundadores de la Independencia, Vencedores el Dos de Mayo de 1866 y Defensores Calificados de la Patria. 4–5. 20 May 2019.
165. Felipe Santiago Estenós: Instituto Peruano de Sociología. Proceres del Perú. Publicaciones del Centro de Estudios Históricos Militares del Perú. 1965. 368. 2. es. 20 May 2019.
166. Last Survivor. South African Digest. Department of Information. 1967. 14. 3.
167. News: Has Drawn An Army Pension For 72 Years. 4. Mercury & Herald. 12 March 1954.
168. News: COLONEL ALBERT CANNING, C.M.G.. The Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette. 24 November 1960. 29 November 2018.
169. Book: Pugh, R. J. M.. Wingate Pasha: The Life of General Sir Francis Reginald Wingate 1861–1953. 2011. Pen and Sword. 83. 9781848845312.
170. Title page of Memoirs, vol. 1, 1969.
171. News: Khartoum Veteran. Coventry Evening Telegraph. 9 November 1953. 3.
172. News: Fought Against Riel. subscription. 9. The Brandon Sun. Newspapers.com. March 8, 1966. August 11, 2017.
173. News: Riel Rebellion Veteran Nears 102. Newspapers.com. The Edmonton Journal. 15 July 1961. 14. subscription. 20 April 2020.
174. Book: Bertrand, Alain. L'Archémythe des Amazones. fr. 82. Lulu books. 2014. 15 March 2018. 9781326110642.
175. Web site: Dahomey's Women Warriors. Smithsonian Institution. Dash. Mike. 23 September 2011. 10 November 2012.
176. Book: Beruvides, Esteban M.. Cuba: Anuario Histórico. AD Ventures International. es. 1990. 28. 30 October 2018.
177. Web site: Antônio Conselheiro: Projeto para um filme de TV. Acervo Vladimir Herzog. Herzog. Vladimir. pt. 21 August 2021.
178. Web site: "Canudos".... Cangaço na Bahia. Antonio. Rubens. pt. 24 October 2011. 21 August 2021.
179. News: Last of Buffalo Soldiers, Finds Modern Times Rough. The Associated Press. 20 January 1991. Brown. Heidi Nolte. 30 March 2018.
180. News: AURELIO DIAZ CAMPILLO: EL ULTIMO DE CUBA. ABC. 23 October 1977. es. 130. 30 March 2018.
181. News: El tío Aurelio de Tielve. Noriega. Ignacio Gracia. La Nueva España. 18 June 1989. es. 30 March 2018.
182. Book: Proceedings of the Stated Convention of the 81st National Encampment. United Spanish War Veterans. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1979. 110. 81. 30 March 2018.
183. Book: Davies, David Twiston. Canada from afar: the Daily telegraph book of Canadian obituaries. Dundurn Group. 1996. 1–3.
184. Web site: James Gordon (Pop) WILLIAMS. 19 June 2020. Virtual War Memorial Australia. en.
185. Book: Four War Boer: The Century and Life of Pieter Arnoldus Krueler. Heaton. Colin. Anne-Marie. Lewis. 2014. Casemate.
186. News: Nathan E. Cook, 106;America's Oldest Known War Veteran. Los Angeles Times. 2011-12-08. September 12, 1992.
187. News: Also Served in U.S. Forces in Boxer Rebellion : Spanish-American War Vet Dies at 109. The Los Angeles Times. 8 December 1985. 30 May 2019.
188. News: Breaking the Long Silence : Mamoru Eto. Los Angeles Times. Koh. Barbara. 25 November 1990. 1 November 2018.
189. Web site: Alex Gory Park. Northern Territory Government. 8 August 2014.
190. Ο τελευταίος Μακεδονομάχος Χρήστος Παπαντωνίου . https://archive.today/20130702043550/http://entopios.gr/?p=6715. dead. 2013-07-02. 1995. Macedonian Life. Magazine. el. 352.
191. News: Ivan Beshoff, Last Survivor Of Mutiny on the Potemkin. The New York Times. 28 October 1987. 11. 1 November 2018.
192. News: Juan Carlos Caballero Vega. The Daily Telegraph. 9 April 2010. 21 October 2010.
193. News: Las esculturas en madera de un zapatista. es. Milenio. Santiago. Jesús Alejo. 27 March 2015. 4 November 2018.
194. News: De nada sirvió lo que se hizo en la Revolución. es. La Jornada. 13 February 2005. 21 October 2010. Servin. Fernando Camacho.
195. Rafael Lorenzana. magazine. Emmis Communications. Texas Monthly. November 1988. 125. 16. 11. 1 November 2018.
196. News: A FEW WHO WERE THERE RECALL MEXICO'S REVOLUTION. The Washington Post. Hudson. Elizabeth. 21 November 1988. 1 November 2018.
197. Web site: Last known Mexican to fight rebel Pancho Villa dead at 110. CNN. 26 April 1999. 21 October 2010. The Associated Press.
198. Web site: Teodoro Garcia, 110; Fought Villa on the Government Side. The New York Times. 1 May 1999. 21 October 2010. Ravo. Nick.
199. Book: 中国人物年鉴. Chinese Character Yearbook. Huayi Publishing House. zh. 1994. 401. 22 February 2019.
200. Web site: E I NOSTRI SOLDATI IN LIBIA? COSA FACEVANO NEL FRATTEMPO?. Capodarca. Valido. 4 January 2017. it. A.N.M.I.G. Barletta. 19 December 2018.
201. La Guerra Italo-Turca (1911–1912). IMMAGINI ED EVOLUZIONE DEL CORPO AUTOMOBILISTICO. Capodarca, Valido. 1. 58. it. Rivista Militare. 1994. 19 December 2018.
202. News: Povestea ultimului supravieţuitor român al Primului Război Mondial. A murit uitat de stat, în cel mai crunt anonimat. ro. December 17, 2016. Adevărul. Iancu. Mariana. January 8, 2018.
203. Book: Danailov, George. Доколкото си спомням. bg. 2002. ABAGAR JSC.
204. Book: McLachlan, Mat. Gallipoli: The Battlefield Guide. Hachette, Australia. 2015. 9780733627613. 4 November 2018.
205. Web site: Çanakkale Zaferı'Nın 96. Yil Dönümü -Etkınlıker Kapsaminda İstıklal Gazısı Hüseyın Kaçmaz'In Oğlu Turgut Kaçmaz'In "Sakli Hatiralar" Fotoğraf Sergısı Açildi. TRT Haber. tr. 15 March 2011. 24 August 2014.
206. Web site: http://www.spc.rs/eng/petnaestogodisnjica_upokojenja_mitropolita_crnogorskoprimorskog_g_danila_18951993. sr:Петнаестогодишњица упокојења Митрополита црногорско-приморског Г. Данила (1895–1993). sr. Serbian Orthodox Church. September 12, 2008. August 24, 2014. August 26, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120824/http://www.spc.rs/eng/petnaestogodisnjica_upokojenja_mitropolita_crnogorskoprimorskog_g_danila_18951993. dead.
207. News: A guerra que o Brasil esqueceu. Superinteressante. pt. 30 April 2000. 21 August 2021.
208. Web site: Meninos do Contestado. 2021-08-26. Olhar Sobre o Mundo. pt-br.
209. Web site: John 'Jack' Rogers. Britain's Last Tommies. WordPress.com. Van Emden. Richard. 6 December 2013 . 8 May 2016.
210. Book: Richardson, Neil. According to their Lights. The Collins Press. 2015. 9781848894952.
211. News: The story of Lily Kempson and her fight for freedom. April 16, 1998 . Republican News. Friel. Laura. 8 May 2016.
212. Web site: The Four Courts Reilly's Fort. IrishMedals.org. 4 June 2017.
213. Web site: Four Court Garrison: Roll of Honor. 1916 Rebellion Museum. 4 June 2017. 11 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170911100708/http://1916rebellionmuseum.com/1916-easter-rising/roll-of-honour/four-courts-garrison/. dead.
214. Book: McCarthy, Mark. Ireland's 1916 Rising: Explorations of History-Making, Commemoration & Heritage in Modern Times. Routledge. 2016. 9781317112860. 4 November 2018.
215. News: Boris Gudz. The Times. 24 January 2007. 15 October 2011.
216. News: Последние ветераны Гражданской войны. ru. Pikabu. Pikabu. 2019. 14 December 2020.
217. News: Сталинский прокурор: Он был назначен Сталиным. Но до сих пор не может простить ему ошибок и разделяет с ним его вину. ru. Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Government of Russia. Makhkamova. Uliana. 11 May 2007. 3 November 2018.
218. News: Сообщени о кончине Талызина Игоря Афанасьевича. ru. Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Government of Russia. Makhkamova. Uliana. 24 March 2004. 19 September 2020.
219. 8–9. НИКОЛАЙ ВАСИЛЬЕВИЧ ФЁДОРОВ (1901–2003). Вестник РОВС. ru. Magazine. 2004. Russian All-Military Union. 4 November 2018.
220. News: 佐々木安一さん106歳. Sunday Yamaguchi. 15 September 2004. ja. 5 December 2018. 6 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181206105350/http://sunyama.soreccha.jp/e304713.html. dead.
221. News: STATE'S 'LAST' WORLD WAR I VETERAN DIES: WARREN V. HILEMAN DIED SUNDAY IN ANNA AT 103. Rush. Linda. The Southern. 3 February 2005. 14 August 2017.
222. News: 103-year-old vet last of a breed. The Chicago Tribune. McCormick. John. 5 February 2005. 1 November 2018.
223. News: First war veteran dies in Halifax at 106. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2003. 17 December 2018.
224. News: Oldest Czech Legionnaire Was Never Able to Clear Tarnished Reputation. Velinger. Jan. 14 August 2003. Radio Prague. 21 March 2019.
225. Web site: Alois Vocásek (* 1896 † ︎ 2003). cs. Paměti národa. pametnaroda.cz. 21 March 2019.
226. News: A Toast to B.C.'s Senior Senior. subscription. 21. The Vancouver Sun. Newspapers.com. 3 January 2003. 15 December 2018.
227. News: Births & Deaths. subscription. The Vancouver Sun. Newspapers.com. 1 April 2003. 67. 15 December 2018.
228. News: Nuori mies selvisi sisällissodan ensimmäisestä joukkoteloituksesta – hänestä tuli myöhemmin paperitehtaan johtaja. Aamulehti. 1 January 2018. fi. Saukkonen. Eila. 3 November 2018. 5 November 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181105012428/https://www.aamulehti.fi/a/200709189. dead.
229. Web site: Viimeinen sisällissodan veteraani kuoli 111-vuotiaana. fi. Uusi Suomi. 16 January 2009. 23 October 2010. Tietotoimisto. Suomen.
230. News: Jan Rzepa. pl. Gazeta Wyborcza. Dariusz. Roszak. 20 March 2007. 3 November 2018.
231. Kronika Wielkopolski. magazine. pl. 203. 2005. 113–116. Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. 3 November 2018.
232. News: Schlagzeuger (fast 18) trifft Flötisten (108). de . Sulanke. Alexander. Hamburger Abendblatt. A life full of music – since 108 years. 18 March 2009. 22 July 2009.
233. News: Останній громадянин ЗУНР. uk. 14 November 2008. Yakel. Roman. Dzerkalo Tyzhnia. 30 March 2018.
234. News: ОСТАННІЙ ГРОМАДЯНИН ЗУНР ЖИВЕ У ЧЕРНІВЦЯХ. uk. Television News Service (TSN). 1 November 2008. 30 March 2018.
235. Web site: Aleksander Sałacki skończył 103 lata. pl. NaszeMiasto.pl. 14 May 2007. 15 October 2011. Pierończyk. Jolanta. 25 April 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120425070914/http://czestochowa.naszemiasto.pl/archiwum/1448110,aleksander-salacki-skonczyl-103-lata,id,t.html. dead.
236. Web site: Odszedł niezwykły tyszanin. pl. Twoje Tychy. 15 April 2008. 15 October 2011. Strzoda. Ewa. 4. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120425070918/http://archiwum.tychy.net.pl/twoje_tychy_21.pdf. 25 April 2012.
237. News: Suri viimane Vabadussõja veteran Ants Ilus. et. Postimees. 4 February 2006. 3 November 2018.
238. Web site: IN MEMORIAM Vabadussõja veteran Ants Ilus 1901–2006. et. Kaitseliit. 23 October 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125329/http://www.kaitseliit.ee/index.php?op=news&news_id=180. 20 July 2011.
239. News: Vabadussõjas võidelnud soomlane saadab tervisi. Postimees. et. 23 February 2004. Juhani. Turunen. 20 April 2020.
240. News: Kaitseminister saatis Soome kaastundeavalduse. Eesti Päevaleht. et. 19 June 2004. 20 April 2020.
241. Web site: Pilistvere Kihelkond Ja Vabaduse Risti Vennad. et. Viljandi Muuseum. 2005. 23 October 2010. 107–108. Pihlak. Jaak.
242. Book: Leitis, Aivars. Tīrradņi: naivā māksla Latvijā. lv. Neputns. 2005. 199. 9789984729626. 3 November 2018.
243. News: ASV miris pēdējais Lāčplēša ordeņa kavalieris. lv. Delfi. Baltic News Network. 16 August 2003. 3 November 2018.
244. News: Mirė paskutinis Nepriklausomybės kovų savanoris. Lietuvos žinios. lt. Delfi News. 2005. 1 March 2016.
245. News: Lietuvos istorijos viražai: Vyčio Kryžius. Urbonavičiūtė. Romualda. 13 March 2010. Šiaulių naujienos. 3 November 2018.
246. Web site: ČIKAGOS AIDE RAŠOMA. lt. 22 July 2016. Association of Local Government Municipalities of Lithuania. 3 November 2018.
247. News: Irish Civil War veteran dies at 105. BBC News. 3 October 2007. 23 October 2010.
248. Book: Arthur, Max. Last Post: The Final Word From Our First World War Soldiers. Orion Publishing Group. 2014.
249. News: Last veterans to tell their war stories. The Observer. 13 November 2004. Smith. David. 3 November 2018.
250. News: RIC's last survivor dies. https://web.archive.org/web/20160911041815/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-81293396.html. dead. 11 September 2016. The News Letter. 4 January 2002. 29 April 2016.
251. News: An Ever-Curious Spirit, Unbeaten After 111 Years. The New York Times. Blumenthal. Ralph. 4 May 2014. 3 November 2018.
252. Web site: Wilusiowi stuknie 105 lat!. pl. 1 January 2009. 23 October 2010. Książek. Mirosława.
253. Web site: Odszedł najstarszy Ślązak. Dziennik Zachodni. pl. Nowiny. 10 June 2009. 23 October 2010. 14 March 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120314053210/http://www.nowiny.rybnik.pl/artykul,14749.html. dead.
254. Web site: Destanın son tanığına veda .
255. News: Son gazi Mustafa Şekip Birgöl vefat etti. tr. November 11, 2008. January 8, 2018. Milliyet.
256. News: World's Oldest Man Dead At 113: Francisco Núñez Olivera Was Veteran Of Spanish Civil War. 31 January 2018. Gomez. Shirley. The Latin Times. 3 November 2018.
257. News: El abuelo del planeta es español. es. Del Campo. Eduard. January 24, 2016. El Mundo. July 31, 2016.
258. News: ¡Gánese usted este bello laurel, doña Mireya!. es. S.. Gaspar Collazos. Panamá América. 16 December 1999. 26 December 2016.
259. News: Un sobreviviente cuenta su historia. es. Cádiz. Vielka. Panamá América. 11 April 1999. 26 December 2016.
260. Parque al Ultimo Soldado de La Guerra de Coto. Parque al Ultimo Soldado de la Guerra de Coto en Memoria "Del Soldado Reinel Cianca". 19 Oct 1901–24 Sep 2002. La Comunidad Agradece la Gesta Heroica al Ultimo Soldado de La Guerra de Coto. es. Plaque in park. Miguel A Fanovich. City Hall of David. Ministry of Public Works. David, Chiriquí.
261. Web site: Varese, è morto l'ultimo veterano della Marcia su Roma: aveva 105 anni. it. 3 January 2009. 23 October 2010. Frattina. Giannino. il Giornale.
262. News: War of Independence veteran dies aged 105. 18 September 2006. The Irish Times. July 21, 2017.
263. News: 他参加过抗日战争, 是国民革命军19路军唯一健在者, 现年105岁. Chen. Lingshen. SINA Corporation. 1 January 2018. 4 November 2018.
264. Web site: Last known Cristero soldier in Mexico dies at 103. Catholic News Agency. Marina. Diego Lopez. 11 March 2016. 31 March 2016.
265. News: Ahsan . Syed Badrul . Syed Badrul Ahsan . 13 January 2010 . Binod Bihari Chowdhury, the last revolutionary . The Daily Star . 29 May 2019.
266. News: Sargento Olímpio, o militar mais idoso de Minas Gerais, é exemplo de vida e de amor à profissão. pt. Fernando. Abreu. 8 August 2016. Jornal O Norte. 2 July 2020.
267. News: Policial militar mais velho de Minas Gerais morre aos 112 anos na cidade de Manga. pt. Osmar. Macedo. 17 October 2020. Itatiaia. 22 October 2020.
268. News: 广东112岁抗战老兵离世 生前常拉二胡演奏抗战歌曲. zh. Chinese News Network. 20 December 2017. 24 November 2018.
269. News: 淞沪抗战老兵六代同堂过110岁生日. zh. Xinhua News Agency. 10 February 2015. Zhiqiang, Li. China Radio Network. 24 November 2018.
270. News: Retornou ao Grande Acampamento ALFREDO PIRES FILHO. pt. 21 August 2021. Centro Cultural do Movimento Escoteiro. 29 August 2021.
271. Web site: Line. A. TARDE On. Apenas nove paulistas ainda mantêm viva a história das lutas de 1932. 2021-07-21. Portal A TARDE. 9 July 2016 . pt-br.
272. Web site: Facebook. 2021-07-21. www.facebook.com. en.
273. News: Morre ultimo combatente da Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932. pt. 17 January 2019. Jornal da Cidade. 21 April 2019. 21 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190421202607/http://jornalcidadesonline.com.br/site/2019/01/17/morre-ultimo-combatente-da-revolucao-constitucionalista-de-1932/. dead.
274. Web site: 2017-12-15. Morreu aos 105 anos e 19 dias Zuleika Sucupira Kenworthy, uma mulher que viu, viveu e inspirou a história! Obrigado, seu exemplo vai seguir vivo. 2021-08-26. O Deda Questão. pt-BR.
275. News: Itapira comemora com altivez os 81 anos da Revolução. pt. 9 July 2013. Portal Cidade de Itapira. 21 August 2021.
276. News: Último combatente de Campinas da Revolução de 32 morre aos 104 anos. pt. 27 February 2014. G1 Campinas e Região. 21 August 2021.
277. Web site: Região. Do G1 Itapetininga e. 2013-06-05. Morre em Itapetininga, SP, veterano da Revolução Constitucionalista. 2021-08-26. Itapetininga e Região. pt-br.
278. News: Publicações Recebidas. pt. January–March 2001. Informativo Guararapes. 29 August 2021.
279. News: HISTÓRICO DO INSTITUTO DE HISTÓRIA E TRADIÇÕES DO RGS (IHTRGS - 1986-2011) NOS SEUS 25 ANOS, EM 10 SETEMBRO 2011. pt. 22 September 2011. ACADEMIA CANGUÇUENSE DE HISTÓRIA. 29 August 2021.
280. News: Flores da Cunha: um compromisso com a democracia liberal. pt. 10 August 2009. IHU On-line. 29 August 2021.
281. Web site: Man who survived Long March, became neurosurgeon and trailblazer[1]-Chinadaily.com.cn]. www.chinadaily.com.cn.
282. Web site: 史海钩沉：108岁涂通今教授与章翔教授的十七封书信. June 24, 2022. k.sina.cn.
283. News: Morre o último sobrevivente da Intentona Comunista. O Globo. Barros. Jorge Antonio. pt. 10 January 2014. 21 August 2021.
284. News: Miquel Morera: "Havia de morir al camp de concentració". ca. 10 January 2023. Diari ARA. 23 May 2024.
285. News: Eulogio Dorta, vecino de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, cumplirá 105 años de lucidez y buena salud. es. 22 May 2023. Diario de avisos. 22 May 2023.
286. News: Muere Mateo Balbuena, el último combatiente de Euzkadiko Gudarostea. eus. 18 July 2024. Deia.eus. 25 July 2024.
287. News: Maricuela, la última miliciana socialista: "Necesitamos una izquierda unida". es. 5 June 2018. Público. 23 May 2024.
288. News: Fallece en Gijón a los 105 años Maricuela, histórica del PSOE asturiano. es. 23 May 2024. La Nueva España. 23 May 2024.
289. News: Last survivor of Spain's International Brigades dies at 101. en. 25 May 2021. Reuters. 28 May 2021.
290. News: Morreu José Barata, o último sobrevivente da Revolta dos Marinheiros de 1936. pt. Público. 7 July 2014. Nuno. Santos. 20 April 2020.
291. News: Morreu o último homem da Revolta dos Marinheiros de 1936. Expresso. pt. 6 July 2014. 20 April 2020.
292. Web site: In memoriam: 'Nickel on the grass' to Lt. General Charles 'Chick' Cleveland. Al. Allenback. Montgomery Advertiser. 2021-05-27. 2022-10-06.
293. Web site: УШЕЛ ИЗ ЖИЗНИ ЧЛЕН СОВЕТА МУЖЕСТВА И ОТВАГИ «ОФИЦЕРОВ РОССИИ», ГЕНЕРАЛ-МАЙОР АВИАЦИИ СЕРГЕЙ КРАМАРЕНКО. oficery.ru. 22 May 2020 . ru. 2022-10-06.
294. Web site: 空军原司令员王海上将逝世 曾在朝鲜击落击伤9架敌机. Sina. 2020-08-02. zh. 2022-10-06.
295. Web site: Hiroshi Miyamura, Medal of Honor recipient from Korean War, dies at 97. Harrison. Smith. The Washington Post. 2022-11-30. 2023-01-05.
296. Web site: Bill Speakman VC death: How the British soldier won the Victoria Cross during the Korean War. Harriet. Agerholm. Independent. 2018-06-22. 2023-07-03.