List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Ba–Bm) explained

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military of Nazi Germany during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry.[1] Presentations were made to members of the three military branches of the Wehrmacht—the Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (Air Force)—as well as the Waffen-SS, the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD—Reich Labour Service) and the Volkssturm (German national militia). There were also 43 recipients in the military forces of allies of Nazi Germany.[2]

There is currently no official German Government list of KC recipients. Analysis and acceptance of the order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) indicates that up to 7,321 awards may have been made between its first presentation on 30 September 1939 and its last bestowal on 17 June 1945. These recipients are listed in the 1986 edition of Walther-Peer Fellgiebel's book, German: Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 [''The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945'']. Fellgiebel was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, and was also the former chairman and head of the order commission of the AKCR. In 1996, a second edition of this book was published with an addendum delisting 11 of the recipients.

In 2007, Veit Scherzer published his German: Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 [''The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945'']. Scherzer's book was compiled from documents held by the German Federal Archives, and cast doubt on 193 of the listings in Fellgiebel's 1996 book. The majority of the disputed recipients were listed as having received the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation of the Third Reich during the final days of World War II left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process.[3]

Listed here are the 368 Knight's Cross recipients of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS whose last name is in the range "Ba–Bm".[4] Scherzer has challenged the validity of 13 of these listings.[5] This is the first of two lists of all 725 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients whose last name starts with "B". The recipients whose last name is in the range "Bn–Bz" are listed at List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Bn–Bz).[6]

Background

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment, German: Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573 of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross (German: Eisernes Kreuz), the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). Article 2 of the enactment mandated that the award of a higher class be preceded by the award of all preceding classes.[7] As the war progressed, some of the recipients of the Knight's Cross distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub), was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment German: Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 of 3 June 1940.[8] In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment German: Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613 of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten).[9] At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten), based on the enactment German: Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11 of 29 December 1944, became the final variant of the Knight's Cross authorized.[10]

Recipients

The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Supreme Command of the Armed Forces) kept separate Knight's Cross lists, one for each of the three military branches, Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy), Luftwaffe (Air Force) and for the Waffen-SS. Within each of these lists a unique sequential number was assigned to each recipient. The same numbering paradigm was applied to the higher grades of the Knight's Cross, one list per grade.[11] Of the 368 awards made to servicemen whose last name is in the range "Ba–Bm", 31 were later awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, 12 the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords and one the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds; 19 presentations were made posthumously. Heer members received 232 of the medals; 15 went to the Kriegsmarine, 100 to the Luftwaffe, and 21 to the Waffen-SS.[4] The sequential numbers greater than 843 for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and 143 for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords are unofficial and were assigned by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) and are therefore denoted in parentheses.[12] The recipients are initially ordered alphabetically by last name. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross was awarded.



NameServiceRankRole and unit[13] Date of awardNotesImage
+Heer14-HHauptmann[14] Chief of the 2./Infanterie-Regiment 124Awarded 352nd Oak Leaves 10 December 1943
+Heer17-HOberstCommander of Schützen-Regiment 115Awarded 402nd Oak Leaves 22 February 1944
111th Swords 16 November 1944
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannIn the Nahaufklärungsgruppe 5
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnant[15] Pilot in the 5./Zerstörergeschwader 26 "Horst Wessel"[16] Killed in action 14 May 1941
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 3./Nachtjagdgeschwader 1[17]
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesChief of the 9./Infanterie-Regiment 410
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantPilot and observer in the 3./Fernaufklärungs-Gruppe 121
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesCommander of the I./Schützen-Regiment 104
Waffen-SS20-WSS-Obergruppenführer and General of the PoliceCommanding general of the Korpsgruppe "von dem Bach" in Warsaw
Heer12-HLeutnantArtillery observer in the IV./Artillerie-Regiment 262
+Heer17-HOberst of the ReservesCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 234Awarded 550th Oak Leaves 11 August 1944
[18] Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesCommander of the III./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 100
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesLeader of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 179
Waffen-SS14-WSS-HauptsturmführerLeader of the II./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 5 "Thule"
Waffen-SS13-WSS-ObersturmführerAdjutant of the I./SS-Panzer-Regiment 10 "Frundsberg"
Heer04-HObergefreiter[19] In the 1./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 7
Waffen-SS14-WSS-HauptsturmführerLeader of the II./Freiwilligen-SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 23 "Norge"
Luftwaffe09-LFahnenjunker-FeldwebelPilot in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 52[20]
?Heer10-HOberwachtmeisterZugführer (platoon leader) in the 12./Panzer-Regiment 24
Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of the I./Schützen-Regiment 2
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the III./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 13
Heer06-HUnteroffizierZugführer (platoon leader) in the 4./Panzer-Auklärungs-Abteilung 23
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantObserver in the 2./Nahaufklärungs-Gruppe 16
Heer15-HMajorCommander of Hochgebirgs-Jäger-Bataillon 3
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 95
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 489
+Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 4./Fernaufklärungs-Gruppe 11Awarded 652nd Oak Leaves 18 November 1944
Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantPilot in the 6./Jagdgeschwader 77
Heer03-HGefreiter[21] Machine gunner in the 1./Grenadier-Regiment 273[22]
Heer09-HSanitäts-FeldwebelIn the Stab of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 36
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesChief of the 8./Grenadier-Regiment 958Killed in action 22 March 1945
+Heer15-HMajor of the ReservesCommander of the II./Panzer-Regiment 11Awarded 262nd Oak Leaves 1 August 1943
49th Swords 21 February 1944
+Heer16-HOberstleutnant im Generalstab (in the General Staff)Ia (operations officer) of the 16. Panzer-DivisionAwarded 761st Oak Leaves 28 February 1945
+Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantPilot in the 1./Jagdgeschwader 51Awarded 31st Oak Leaves 14 August 1941
7th Swords 16 February 1942
+Heer13-HOberleutnantLeader of the III./Infanterie-Regiment 123Awarded 243rd Oak Leaves 17 May 1943
45th Swords 23 January 1944
+Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 1./Kampfgeschwader 100Awarded 434th Oak Leaves 24 March 1944
Kriegsmarine14-MKapitänleutnantChief of the 4. Schnellbootflottille
Heer10-HOberfeldwebel[23] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 5./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 33
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesChief of the 8./Jäger-Regiment 56
Heer06-HUnteroffizierZugführer (platoon leader) in the 11./Grenadier-Regiment 41 (motorized)[24]
Heer13-HOberleutnantLeader of the 6./Artillerie-Regiment 17
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 6./Infanterie-Regiment 216
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 7./Grenadier-Regiment 44Died of wounds 28 November 1944
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelPilot in the I./Nachtjagdgeschwader 6
?Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 36
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesCommander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 1036
Heer03-HGefreiterMachine gunner in the 11./Jäger-Regiment 228
Heer04-HObergefreiterGroup leader in the 3./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 13
+Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Schützen-Regiment 1Awarded 155th Oak Leaves 20 December 1942
25th Swords 4 March 1943
19th Diamonds 31 August 1944
Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantObserver in the 2./Fernaufklärungs-Gruppe 22
Heer09-HFeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 3./Gebirgs-Pionier-Bataillon 91
?Luftwaffe10-LFahnenjunker-Oberfeldwebel[25] Pilot in the 1.(F)/Aufklärungs-Gruppe 124
Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of Aufklärungs-Abteilung 53 (motorized)Killed in action 9 October 1941
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnant[26] Staffelkapitän of the 9./Kampfgeschwader 1 "Hindenburg"
+Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 7./Jagdgeschwader 27Awarded 17th Oak Leaves 2 July 1941
Heer15-HMajorCommander of Füsilier-Bataillon "Deba"
Heer09-HFeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) of the 4./Panzer-Regiment 36
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesZugführer (platoon leader) in the Stabskompanie/Grenadier-Regiment 1077
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 1./Kampfgeschwader 55
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./schwere Panzer-Jagd-Abteilung 519
Heer10-HOberwachtmeisterZugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 244
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesCommander of Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 227[27]
Heer13-HOberleutnantLeader of Panzer-Pionier-Bataillon 58
Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Schützen-Regiment 361 and leader of a Kampfgruppe[28]
Heer17-HOberst[29] Commander of Artillerie-Regiment 104
?Heer17-HOberstCommander of Festungs-Grenadier-Regiment Kreta
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantAdjutant and technical officer of the I./Sturzkampfgeschwader 3
Kriegsmarine14-MKapitänleutnantCommander of
+Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 4./Jagdgeschwader 52Awarded 175th Oak Leaves 11 January 1943
52nd Swords 2 March 1944
Waffen-SS06-WSS-UnterscharführerPanzer commander in the 4./SS-Panzer-Regiment 2 "Das Reich"
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnant of the ReservesLeader of the 7./Fallschirmjäger-Sturm-RegimentDied of wounds 20 February 1945
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 211
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesCommander of Panzergrenadier-Bataillon 106 "Feldherrnhalle"
Kriegsmarine14-MKapitänleutnantCommander of Minensucher M-1
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesLeader of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 399
Luftwaffe06-LUnteroffizierPilot in the 8./Jagdgeschwader 5
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantLeader of the 3./Flak-Regiment 293 (motorized)
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnant[30] Staffelkapitän of the 9./Jagdgeschwader 53Killed in action 4 August 1944
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelführer of the 4./Kampfgeschwader 55
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 13[31]
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantPilot in the 3./Küstenflieger-Gruppe 506
Heer11-HStabsfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 14.(Panzerjäger)/Infanterie-Regiment 14
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Artillerie-Regiment 117
Heer15-HMajorCommander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 688
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 4./Kampfgeschwader 51
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesChief of the 7./Grenadier-Regiment 119 (motorized)
Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the Heeres-Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 393
Heer12-HLeutnantPioneer Zugführer (platoon leader) in the Stabskompnie/Grenadier-Regiment 30 (motorized)
Heer15-HMajorCommander of Pionier-Bataillon 335
Heer06-HUnteroffizier[32] Group leader in the 2./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 110
Heer06-HUnteroffizierRichtschütze (gunner) in the 3./schwere Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 519
Heer15-HMajorCommander of the I./Panzer-Füsilier-Regiment "Großdeutschland"
Heer17-HOberst of the ReservesCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 96
?Waffen-SS13-WSS-ObersturmführerLeader of the II./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 3 "Deutschland"
Kriegsmarine14-MKapitänleutnantLeader of a Sprengbootflottille (Kleinkampfverband)
Waffen-SS14-WSS-HauptsturmführerLeader of the II./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 21Killed in action 11 August 1944
+Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 5./Jagdgeschwader 52Awarded 526th Oak Leaves 20 July 1944
(145th) Swords 21 April 1945
Heer03-HGefreiterSquad leader in the 1./Pionier-Bataillon 102
Kriegsmarine14-MKapitänleutnantCommander of
Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the I./Panzer-Regiment 33Killed in action 10 July 1943
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelPilot in the 8./Sturzkampfgeschwader 77
Waffen-SS13-WSS-Obersturmführer[33] Leader of the 3./SS-Panzergrenadier-Bataillon 506[34]
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesRegiment adjutant of the Grenadier-Regiment 585
Waffen-SS09-WSS-OberscharführerZugführer (platoon leader) in the 3./SS-Panzer-Regiment 5 "Wiking"[35]
+Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 3./Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"Awarded 618th Oak Leaves 30 September 1944
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of Grenadier-Bataillon Belgard in the Festung (fortress) Schneidemühl[36]
Luftwaffe17-LOberst im Generalstab (in the General Staff)Fliegerführer of Luftflottenkommando 4
Heer06-HOberjägerGroup leader in the 6./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 99
Luftwaffe09-LFeldwebelPilot in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 300
Heer06-HUnteroffizierGroup leader in the 5./Grenadier-Regiment 117
?Heer12-HLeutnantLeader of the I./Panzer-Regiment 33
Heer15-HMajorCommander of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 499
Luftwaffe15-LMajorCommander of the II./Flak-Regiment 4
Heer15-HMajorLeader of a Kampfgruppe in the 15. Infanterie-Division
+Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnant[37] Staffelkapitän of the 9./Jagdgeschwader 3Awarded 107th Oak Leaves 26 July 1942
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmann of the ReservesStaffelkapitän of the 8./Sturzkampfgeschwader 77
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantBattery leader in the Flak-Regiment 37 (motorized)Killed in action 4 December 1942
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon 197
+Waffen-SS15-WSS-SturmbannführerCommander of the III./SS-"Totenkopf"-Infanterie-Regiment 3Awarded 277th Oak Leaves 22 August 1943
95th Swords 2 September 1944
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the Radfahr-Kompanie/Grenadier-Regiment 422
Waffen-SS15-WSS-SturmbannführerQuartiermeister (quartermaster general) of the XI. SS-Armeekorps and leader of a Kampfgruppe
+Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantPilot in the 5./Kampfgeschwader 30[38] Awarded 20th Oak Leaves 14 July 1941
16th Swords 17 August 1942
+Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 5./Infanterie-Regiment 156 (motorized)Awarded 199th Oak Leaves 27 February 1943
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 3./Kampfgeschwader 55
Heer15-HMajorCommander of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 173
Heer15-HMajor[39] Leader of Infanterie-Regiment 470[40]
?Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 300 (Feld)
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesCommander of Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 286
Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantCompany leader in the 3./Fallschirm-Pionier-Bataillon 5
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesLeader of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 57
Heer13-HOberleutnantLeader of the II./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 73
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 14.(Panzerjäger)/Grenadier-Regiment 19
?Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the I./Panzer-Regiment 26
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 3.(F)/Aufklärungs-Gruppe 33
Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Kradschützen-Bataillon 22
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 14.(Panzerjäger)/Grenadier-Regiment 112
+Heer16-HOberstleutnant im Generalstab (in the General Staff)Chief of the general staff Generalstab DAKAwarded 258th Oak Leaves 6 July 1943
81st Swords 20 July 1944
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 29 (motorized)
Heer10-HOberwachtmeisterBattery officer in the 8./Artillerie-Regiment 125
Heer17-HOberst[41] Commander of Grenadier-Regiment 504
Heer09-HFeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 7./Grenadier-Regiment 320
Heer15-HMajorCommander of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 290
Waffen-SS13-WSS-ObersturmführerLeader of the 2./SS-Panzer-Regiment 1 "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 14.(Panzerjäger)/Infanterie-Regiment "Großdeutschland"[42]
Heer14-HHauptmannRegiment adjutant of Grenadier-Regiment 77
Heer06-HUnteroffizierGroup leader in the 7./Schützen-Regiment 394
+Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 18[43] Awarded 829th Oak Leaves 14 April 1945
Heer15-HMajorCommander of Grenadier-Regiment-Gruppe 425
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 418
Heer18-HGeneralmajorCommander of the 370. Infanterie-Division
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelPilot in the 3./Fernaufklärungs-Gruppe 122
Heer15-HMajor of the Reserves[44] Commander of Ost-Bataillon 439
Waffen-SS14-WSS-HauptsturmführerChief of the 2./SS-Panzerzgrenadier-Regiment 2 "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"
Heer12-HLeutnantLeader of the 2./Infanterie-Regiment 116
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 8./Panzer-Regiment 31
Heer06-HUnteroffizierGroup leader in the 8./Grenadier-Regiment 529
+Waffen-SS17-WSS-StandartenführerCommander of SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 6 "Theodor Eicke"Awarded 595th Oak Leaves 21 September 1944
+Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantChief of the 11./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 1Awarded 780th Oak Leaves 12 March 1945
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesLeader of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 503
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesLeader of the 2./Jäger-Regiment 228
+Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 12./Nachtjagdgeschwader 1Awarded 198th Oak Leaves 26 February 1943
+Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantPilot in the IV./Nachtjagdgeschwader 6Awarded 792nd Oak Leaves 20 March 1945
Heer04-HObergefreiterRichtkanonier (gunner) in the 10./Artillerie-Regiment 3 (motorized)
Heer13-HOberleutnant[45] Chief of the 1./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 66
Luftwaffe06-LUnteroffizierGun leader in the II./Flak-Regiment 43
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the Panzer-Jäger-Kompanie 1299
Luftwaffe15-LMajorGeschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 51[46]
Heer04-HObergefreiterIn the Stab III./Füsilier-Regiment 39
Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 457
Luftwaffe16-LOberstleutnantCommander of Kampfgruppe z.b.V. 500 (Transportflieger)
Heer10-HOberwachtmeisterVorgeschobener Beobachter (artillery observer) in the 2./Panzer-Artillerie-Regiment 27
Luftwaffe17-LOberstGruppenkommandeur of the IV./Kampfgeschwader z.b.V. 1
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 3.(K)/Lehrgeschwader 1
+Luftwaffe06-LUnteroffizierPilot in the 10./Jagdgeschwader 51Awarded 108th Oak Leaves 3 August 1942
Heer12-HLeutnant of the Reserves[47] Leader of the 1./Panzer-Regiment 21
Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 132
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 4./Panzer-Regiment 35
Heer19-HGeneralleutnantCommander of the 34. Infanterie-Division
Waffen-SS13-WSS-ObersturmführerChief of the 3./SS-Artillerie-Regiment 54 "Nederland"
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantChief of the 4./Flak-Regiment 33[48]
Heer15-HMajor of the ReservesCommander of Sicherungs-Bataillon 738
+Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 203Awarded 605th Oak Leaves 4 October 1944
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesZugführer (platoon leader) in the 14.(Panzerjäger)/Grenadier-Regiment 668
Heer14-HHauptmann zur Verwendung (for disposition)Commander of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 161
+Heer17-HOberstCommander of Panzergrenadier-Regiment 200 (motorized)Awarded 689th Oak Leaves 9 January 1945
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesChief of the 13./Füsilier-Regiment 39
Heer14-HHauptmann[49] Company chief in the III./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 201
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 3./Aufklärungs-Abteilung 3 im DAK
?Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantCompany leader in the I./Fallschirm-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 1 "Hermann Göring"
+Heer15-HMajorCommander of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 489Awarded 421st Oak Leaves 6 March 1944
(148th) Swords 26 April 1945
Heer06-HUnteroffizierGroup leader in the 6./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 5[50]
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesDeputy leader of the 3./Panzer-Abteilung 5
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 106
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesLeader of Panzer-Jäger-Kompanie 1193
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantPilot, observer and Verbindungsoffizier (liaison officer) to the 5th Romanian Kampfgruppe
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelPilot in the 3./Nachtjagdgeschwader 2
Heer15-HMajorCommander of Panzer-Pionier-Bataillon 39
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesLeader of the 9./Grenadier-Regiment 19 "List"
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannLeader of the I./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 12
+Luftwaffe12-LLeutnant[51] Pilot in the 6./Jagdgeschwader 54Awarded 130th Oak Leaves 30 September 1942
Heer14-HHauptmannChief of the 3./Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 4
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannChief of the 9./Fallschirm-Panzer-Regiment "Hermann Göring"
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelPilot in the 1./Nacht-Schlacht-Gruppe 3[52]
Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 669
Heer17-HOberst of the ReservesCommander of the augmented Grenadier-Regiment 374
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 3./Jagdgeschwader 53
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 3./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 25
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantPilot in Kampfgeschwader z.b.V. 500
Heer15-HMajor of the ReservesCommander of the IV./Artillerie-Regiment 227
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 1./Kradschützen-Bataillon 38
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelPilot in the 5./Kampfgeschwader 3
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebel[53] Pilot in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 27
Heer04-HObergefreiterKompanietruppmelder (company headquarters messenger) in the 6./Gebirgsjäger-Regiment 138
Heer09-HFeldwebelKompanietruppführer (company headquarters leader) in the 2./Grenadier-Regiment 546[54]
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelPilot in the II./Sturzkampfgeschwader 1
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantPilot in the 7./Kampfgeschwader 55
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannGruppenkommandeur of the I./Jagdgeschwader 52
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesCommander of the II./Panzer-Artillerie-Regiment 102
Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantStaffelkapitän of the 1./Jagdgeschwader 301
?Heer18-HGeneralmajor[55] Commander of Festungs-Division Kreta
Heer13-HOberleutnantLeader of Grenadier-Bataillon 8/9 "Feldherrnhalle" in the Festung (fortress) Schneidemühl
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelführer of Kampfgruppe z.b.V. 500
+Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesChief of the 9./Infanterie-Regiment 89Awarded 406th Oak Leaves 22 February 1944
Heer19-HGeneralleutnantCommander of the 102. Infanterie-Division
Heer15-HMajor[56] Commander of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 358
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 2./Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 191
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 166
Heer10-HOberwachtmeisterVorgeschobener Beobachter (artillery observer) in the 11./Artillerie-Regiment 361
Kriegsmarine15-MKorvettenkapitänChief of the 1. Minensuchflottille
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 187
Heer09-HFeldwebelShock troops leader in the 11./Infanterie-Regiment 130
Kriegsmarine16-MFregattenkapitänChief of the 1. Zerstörerflottille
Heer03-HGefreiterRichtschütze (gunner) in the 14.(Panzerjäger)/Infanterie-Regiment 187
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantBattery leader in the II./Flak-Regiment 411 in the Flak-Regiment 151 (motorized)
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 10./Grenadier-Regiment (motorized) "Feldherrnhalle"
Luftwaffe12-LLeutnant of the ReservesCompany leader in the 10./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 15
+Heer15-HMajor[57] Commander of the III./Infanterie-Regiment 84Awarded 806th Oak Leaves 28 March 1945
Heer15-HMajorCommander of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 2[58]
Heer09-HFeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Pionier-Bataillon 296
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesAdjutant of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 162
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 3./Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 23Killed in action 10 August 1944
Heer04-HObergefreiterGroup leader in the 9./Grenadier-Regiment 696
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 4./Panzer-Regiment 26
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 8./Nachtjagdgeschwader 4
Heer15-HMajorLeader of the Fähnrichs-Regiment 1 of the Division "Märkisch Friedland"
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the I./Grenadier-Regiment 914[59]
Heer19-HGeneralleutnantCommander of the 227. Infanterie-Division
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 14./Kampfgeschwader 55Killed in action 18 February 1944
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebel[60] Air gunner in the III./Schlachtgeschwader 1
Luftwaffe15-LMajorLeader of Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 15
Luftwaffe03-LGefreiterRichtkanonier (gunner) in the 3./Flak-Regiment 18
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Jäger-Regiment 28
Heer14-HHauptmannChief inspector at the Heeres-Unteroffiziers-Schule Jauer
Heer14-HHauptmann of the ReservesCommander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 165
Heer16-HOberstleutnant of the ReservesChief of the general staff of the XV. Armeekorps
Kriegsmarine10-MOberfernschreibmeister (rank equivalent to Oberfeldwebel)Einzelkämpfer (lone fighter) in a Kleinkampf Verband (small units detachment)
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 1./Jagdgeschwader 77Killed in action 25 July 1943
Heer18-HGeneralmajorCommander of the 31. Infanterie-Division
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannStaffelkapitän of the 3./Kampfgeschwader 6
Luftwaffe17-LOberstCommander of Fallschirm-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 1 "Hermann Göring"
Heer13-HOberleutnant[61] Chief of the 1./Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 237[62]
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannGruppenkommandeur of the III./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen"
?Heer06-HUnteroffizier[63] Festungs-Pak-Kompanie 13/X with the 180. Infanterie-Division
Heer12-HLeutnantLeader of the 4./Artillerie-Regiment 114
Heer13-HOberleutnantLeader of the 2./Panzer-Abteilung 103
Heer15-HMajorCommander of schwere Panzer-Abteilung 505
Heer14-HRittmeisterCommander of Schnelle Abteilung 123
Waffen-SS16-WSS-ObersturmbannführerCommander of SS-Festungs-Regiment 1 "Beßlein" in the Festung Breslau (fortress Breslau)
Waffen-SS15-WSS-SturmbannführerCommander of Aufklärungs-Abteilung "Totenkopf"
Heer13-HOberleutnantLeader of the 5./Panzer-Regiment 11
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 9./Kampfgeschwader 26
Heer06-HUnteroffizierGroup leader in the 7./Infanterie-Regiment 41 (motorized)Killed in action 22 August 1942
Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the II./Schützen-Regiment 2
Heer17-HOberst[64] Leader of the 50. Infanterie-DivisionKilled in action 9 May 1944
+Heer18-HGeneralmajorCommander of the 4. Panzer-DivisionAwarded 774th Oak Leaves 11 March 1945
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 382
Heer15-HMajorCommander of Panzer-Pionier-Bataillon 79
+Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannGruppenkommandeur of the III./Kampfgeschwader 27 "Boelcke"Awarded 336th Oak Leaves 25 November 1943
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelführer of the 6./Schlachtgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 3./Panzer-Regiment 2
Heer10-HOberwachtmeisterGun leader in the 3./Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 245[65]
Heer15-HMajorDivision adjutant of the 329. Infanterie-Division and commander of Schnelle Abteilung 329
Heer15-HMajor of the ReservesCommander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 45
Luftwaffe10-LOberfeldwebelAir gunner in the 7./Sturzkampfgeschwader 1[66] Killed in action 19 July 1942
Kriegsmarine17-MKapitän zur SeeChief of the 4. Zerstörerflottille
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnant[67] Staffelkapitän of the 8./Jagdgeschwader 3
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 131
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannCommander of the I./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 4
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesChief of the 2./Infanterie-Regiment 694
Heer12-HLeutnant of the ReservesLeader of the 1./Grenadier-Regiment 333
Luftwaffe15-LMajorGruppenkommandeur of the III./Kampfgeschwader 51
Heer17-HOberstArtilleriekommandeur 35
+Heer17-HOberstCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 184Awarded 566th Oak Leaves 2 September 1944
Heer14-HHauptmann der LandwehrChief of the 9./Infanterie-Regiment 386
Heer14-HHauptmannLeader of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 868
Heer19-HGeneralleutnantCommander of the 6. Infanterie-Division
Waffen-SS09-WSS-Oberscharführer[68] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 5./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 9 "Germania"
Heer09-HFeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./Infanterie-Regiment 124
?Heer18-HGeneralmajorFestung (fortress) commander of Frankfurt/Oder
Heer19-HGeneralleutnantCommander of the 73. Infanterie-Division
Kriegsmarine14-MKapitänleutnant (Ing.)Chief engineer on
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 13./Panzergrenadier-Regiment "Großdeutschland"
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 5./Grenadier-Regiment 281
Luftwaffe09-LFeldwebelPilot in the 14./Kampfgeschwader 27 "Boelcke"
Heer14-HRittmeisterCommander of Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon 35
Heer13-HOberleutnantLeader of the 3./Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 6[69]
+Waffen-SS14-WSS-HauptsturmführerLeader of the II./SS-Panzer-Regiment 3 "Totenkopf"Awarded 685th Oak Leaves 26 December 1944
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./Heeres-Unteroffizier-Schule JülichKilled in action 16 November 1944
Kriegsmarine14-MKapitänleutnantCommander of
Heer12-HLeutnant of the Reserves[70] Leader of the 3./Landungs-Pionier-Bataillon 86
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 442
Heer04-HObergefreiterMessenger in the 7./Grenadier-Regiment 463
Heer14-HRittmeisterCommander of Aufklärungs-Abteilung 321
Heer13-HOberleutnantChief of the 2./Divisions-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 44
Luftwaffe09-LFahnenjunker-FeldwebelPilot in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 52
Kriegsmarine14-MKapitänleutnantChief of the 1. Schnellbootflottille
Luftwaffe10-LOberfähnrichZugführer (platoon leader) in the 8./Fallschirm-Panzer-Regiment "Hermann Göring"
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantPilot in the 1./Fernaufklärungs-Gruppe 121
Heer04-HObergefreiterIn the 5./Grenadier-Regiment 337
Heer04-HObergefreiterGroup leader in the 1./Panzergenadier-Regiment 112
Heer15-HMajorLeader of Panzergenadier-Regiment 5
Heer12-HLeutnant[71] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Panzergenadier-Regiment 115
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 4./Kampfgeschwader 77Killed in action 2 April 1942
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Panzergrenadier-Regiment 2
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Schützen-Regiment 7
+Heer13-HOberleutnant[72] Leader of the II./Infanterie-Regiment 4Awarded 669th Oak Leaves 26 November 1944
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantObserver in the 4.(F)/Aufklärungs-Gruppe des OB der Luftwaffe
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnantStaffelkapitän of the 8./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet"[73]
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 3./Grenadier-Regiment 423
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesLeader of the I./Infanterie-Regiment 391Died of wounds 30 June 1942[74]
Heer12-HLeutnantZugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 270
Heer03-HGefreiterRichtkanonier (gunner) in the 2./Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 561
Heer12-HLeutnantLeader of the 5./Panzergrenadier-Regiment 4
+Waffen-SS17-WSS-Oberführer[75] Commander of SS-Infanterie-Regiment "Deutschland"Awarded 563rd Oak Leaves 28 August 1944
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 3./Panzer-Regiment 35
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesChief of the 6./Artillerie-Regiment 30
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 12./Panzer-Regiment 6
+Kriegsmarine16-MFregattenkapitänLeader of the 9. Sicherungs-Division[76] Awarded (866th) Oak Leaves 10 May 1945?
Heer14-HHauptmannCommander of the I.(gepanzert)/Panzergrenadier-Regiment 25
Kriegsmarine13-MOberleutnant zur See of the ReservesGroup leader in the 36. Minensuchflottille
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmannGruppenkommandeur of the IV.(Stuka)/Lehrgeschwader 1
+Heer20-HGeneral der InfanterieCommander-in-Chief of the 8. ArmeeAwarded 640th Oak Leaves 29 October 1944
(146th) Swords 25 April 1945
Luftwaffe16-LOberstleutnant im Generalstab (in the General Staff)Chief of the Generalstab II. Fallschirmkorps
+Heer17-HOberst im Generalstab (in the General Staff)Commander of Grenadier-Regiment 320Awarded 746th Oak Leaves 19 February 1945
Luftwaffe15-LMajorGruppenkommandeur of the I./Zerstörergeschwader 1
Luftwaffe13-LOberleutnant[77] Staffelführer of the 7./Sturzkampfgeschwader 1
Luftwaffe14-LHauptmann of the ReservesStaffelkapitän of the 6. and leader of the II./Schlachtgeschwader 2 "Immelmann"Killed in action 4 June 1944
+Heer17-HOberstCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 487[78] Awarded 621st Oak Leaves 18 October 1944
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesAdjutant of the Stab I./Grenadier-Regiment 358
+Kriegsmarine14-MKapitänleutnantCommander of Awarded 125th Oak Leaves 23 September 1942
Heer16-HOberstleutnantCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 379
Heer09-HFeldwebelZugführer (platoon leader) in the 4./schwere Heeres-Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 563
Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantPilot in the 5./Kampfgeschwader 55
Heer10-HOberfeldwebelKompanietruppführer (company headquarters leader) in the 1./Grenadier-Regiment 44
+Heer17-HOberstCommander of Infanterie-Regiment 202Awarded 331st Oak Leaves 22 November 1943
Heer06-HUnteroffizierGroup leader in the 5./Grenadier-Regiment 2
Luftwaffe15-LMajorGruppenkommandeur of the III./Kampfgeschwader 4 "General Wever"
?Waffen-SS12-WSS-UntersturmführerLeader of the 12./SS-Panzergrenadier Ausbildung und Ersatz Bataillon 1 "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"
Heer10-HOberfeldwebel[79] Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 8./Panzer-Regiment 11
(-Fincken)Luftwaffe12-LLeutnant of the ReservesZugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 1Killed in action 21 May 1941
Luftwaffe09-LFeldwebelPilot in the 10.(Panzer)/Schlachtgeschwader 3Killed after forced landing 19 September 1944
Heer17-HOberstCommander of Grenadier-Regiment 347
Heer19-HGeneralleutnantCommander of the 57. Infanterie-Division
Heer14-HRittmeisterCommander of Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 24
Luftwaffe12-LLeutnantPilot in the 1./Fernaufklärungs-Gruppe 122
Heer06-HUnteroffizierGroup leader in the 3./Infanterie-Regiment 124
Heer13-HOberleutnant of the ReservesChief of the 7./Infanterie-Regiment "Großdeutschland"
+Heer20-HGeneral der InfanterieChief of the Generalstab Heeresruppe D[80] Awarded 741st Oak Leaves 18 February 1945

Notes

Discrepancies in sources

References

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Williamson & Bujeiro 2004, pp. 3–4.
  2. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 113–460, 483, 485–487, 492, 494, 498–499, 501, 503, 509.
  3. Scherzer 2007, pp. 117–186.
  4. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 119–135, 485–486.
  5. Scherzer 2007, pp. 117–122.
  6. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 135–152, 487.
  7. Web site: Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 1573; 1 September 1939. de. Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). 21 February 2008. PDF. ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. 31 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190331061438/http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19390007&zoom=2&seite=00001573&ues=on&x=21&y=6. live.
  8. Web site: Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 849; 3 June 1940. de. Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). 21 February 2008. PDF. ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. 31 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190331061438/http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19400007&zoom=2&seite=00000849&ues=on&x=22&y=10. live.
  9. Web site: Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 613; 28 September 1941. de. Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). 21 February 2008. PDF. ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. 31 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190331061438/http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19410007&zoom=2&seite=00000613&ues=on&x=14&y=9. live.
  10. Web site: Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11; 29 December 1944. de. Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). 21 February 2008. PDF. ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. 31 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190331061438/http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?apm=0&aid=dra&datum=19450007&zoom=2&seite=00000011&ues=on&x=14&y=10. live.
  11. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 112.
  12. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 49–51, 102–111.
  13. For an explanation of the various naming schemes used by the Luftwaffe, Heer, Kriegsmarine and Waffen-SS refer to nomenclature used by the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS.
  14. Scherzer 2007, p. 196.
  15. Scherzer 2007, p. 197.
  16. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 119, 484.
  17. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 119.
  18. The brackets around the doctor title [Dr.] denotes that the academic title was attained after the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded.
  19. Scherzer 2007, p. 198.
  20. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 120.
  21. Scherzer 2007, p. 199.
  22. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 120, 484.
  23. Scherzer 2007, p. 200.
  24. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 121.
  25. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 121, 484.
  26. Scherzer 2007, p. 201.
  27. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 122.
  28. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 122, 484.
  29. Scherzer 2007, p. 202.
  30. Scherzer 2007, p. 203.
  31. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 123.
  32. Scherzer 2007, p. 204.
  33. Scherzer 2007, p. 205.
  34. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 124.
  35. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 124, 484.
  36. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 124, 485.
  37. Scherzer 2007, p. 206.
  38. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 125.
  39. Scherzer 2007, p. 207.
  40. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 125, 485.
  41. Scherzer 2007, p. 208.
  42. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 126.
  43. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 126, 485.
  44. Scherzer 2007, p. 209.
  45. Scherzer 2007, p. 210.
  46. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 127.
  47. Scherzer 2007, p. 211.
  48. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 485.
  49. Scherzer 2007, p. 212.
  50. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 128.
  51. Scherzer 2007, p. 213.
  52. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 128, 486.
  53. Scherzer 2007, p. 214.
  54. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 129.
  55. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 129, 486.
  56. Scherzer 2007, p. 215.
  57. Scherzer 2007, p. 216.
  58. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 130.
  59. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 130, 486.
  60. Scherzer 2007, p. 217.
  61. Scherzer 2007, p. 218.
  62. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 131.
  63. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 486.
  64. Scherzer 2007, p. 219.
  65. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 131, 486.
  66. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 132.
  67. Scherzer 2007, p. 220.
  68. Scherzer 2007, p. 221.
  69. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 133.
  70. Scherzer 2007, p. 222.
  71. Scherzer 2007, p. 223.
  72. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 133, 486.
  73. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 134.
  74. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 134, 486.
  75. Scherzer 2007, p. 224.
  76. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 134, 487.
  77. Scherzer 2007, p. 225.
  78. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 135.
  79. Scherzer 2007, p. 226.
  80. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 135, 487.