Wiang is a Tai word for "fortified settlement" or "walled town, city" of Austroasiatic origin, from Proto-Austroasiatic *wa(a)ŋ.[1] This toponymic element forms part of the names of certain ancient inhabited places located in an area stretching across Northern Thailand and Laos:
The term "เวียง" (Wiang) in Thai has historical and cultural significance. It originates from the Lanna Kingdom and the northern regions of Thailand. The word "เวียง" traditionally refers to a walled or fortified city. These cities were typically enclosed by walls and moats for protection against invasions and natural disasters.
1. Administrative Center: It was often the seat of local government and administration. The ruling authority or monarchy would reside within these walls, managing the surrounding region.
2. Cultural Hub: These cities were centers for cultural and religious activities. Temples, markets, and public spaces were integral parts of a "เวียง," making it a focal point for the community's cultural life.
3. Economic Center: Due to their strategic locations, "เวียง" cities were important for trade and commerce. Merchants and traders would gather here, contributing to the economic vitality of the region.
4. Defensive Stronghold: The walls and moats provided defense against invasions. These fortifications were essential in safeguarding the inhabitants and their resources.
An example of a "เวียง" is "เวียงกุมกาม" (Wiang Kum Kam), an ancient city near Chiang Mai, which showcases the typical characteristics of a "เวียง." It had extensive fortifications, served as a significant cultural and religious site, and was a vital economic center in its time.
Thus, "เวียง" encompasses the essence of historical urban development in northern Thailand, reflecting its importance in administrative, cultural, economic, and defensive aspects.