Wuhsha al-dallala explained

al-Wuḥsha al-Dallāla (died after 1104), whose given name was Karīma bint Ammar, was a Jewish-Egyptian businesswoman ("dallāla", or broker) active in the 11th and 12th centuries.[1] [2]

She was the daughter of the Jewish banker Ammar of Alexandria.[3] She married Arye ben Yehudah and moved to Cairo, but divorced him early on, and made a business career of her own. She is known for her successful business career as well as her love life, and was a leading member of the Cairo business world, often appearing in court for her business tasks, in contrast to the otherwise secluded life many women in Cairo lead. She also created a scandal, challenging social and sexual conventions by living with a lover and having a child with him out of wedlock, which resulted in her being banned from the synagogue in 1095.[4]

Additionally, she is also known for her will of 1104, in which she donated her vast fortune to various institutions and charitable subjects within the Jewish community of Cairo.

Al-Wuhsha had a daughter named Sitt Ghazāl from her marriage to Arye ben Yehudah. A court document from December 1132 identifies Sitt Ghazal as al-Wuhsha's daughter in bold letters, indicating the extent of her mother's reputation. No daughter is mentioned in al-Wuhsha's will, which may indicate that the two women had become estranged by that point.

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Jews in the Notarial Culture . 2023-07-18 . publishing.cdlib.org.
  2. Melammed . Reneé Levine . April 1997 . He Said, She Said: A Woman Teacher in Twelfth-Century Cairo . AJS Review . en . 22 . 1 . 19–35 . 10.1017/S0364009400009211 . 162522827 . 1475-4541.
  3. Goitein . S. D. . 1967 . A Jewish Business Woman of the Eleventh Century . The Jewish Quarterly Review . 57 . 225–242 . 10.2307/1453495 . 1453495 . 0021-6682.
  4. Feuding – V 1 Taylor & Francis eBooks, Reference Works and Collectio . 2024-01-20 . www.taylorfrancis.com . en . 10.4324/9780415791182-rmeo294-1.