Goilalan languages explained

Goilalan
Also Known As:Wharton Range
Region:Wharton Range, Central Province, Papua New Guinea
Familycolor:Papuan
Fam1:Binanderean–Goilalan[1]
Map:Goilalan languages.svg
Mapcaption:Map: The Goilalan languages of New Guinea

The Goilalan or Wharton Range languages are a language family spoken around the Wharton Range in the "Bird's Tail" of New Guinea. They were classified as a branch of the Trans–New Guinea languages by Stephen Wurm (1975), but only tentatively retained there in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005) and removed entirely by Timothy Usher (2020).

Languages

The languages are,[2]

The languages are clearly related, especially northern Biagai, Kunimaipa, and Weri, which might be considered divergent dialects.

Pronouns

Pronouns are:

Tauade also has the possessive pronouns ne-ve, ni-e.

Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words are from SIL field notes (1973, 1975, 1980), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[3]

The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. ʒuvalo, kupal'iai for “two”) or not (e.g. gadolo, kepapaí for “ear”). Notice the very low number of cognate pairs.

gloss Tauade
headhul ha; ondobe kɔrɔtɔ
hairare; hul haluma awutu
eargadolo kepapaí
eyehul li; im tavai
nosehul hunga; unge kiːtʰ
toothhul usi nɔtɔvai
tonguehul asese aivi
legsoga lɔ'vai
lousehi dautʰ
dogho; oi kɔveřa
pigovo pɔřu
birdnemba; nembe kide
egghulombo mutuwu
bloodtana il'iví
bonehude keniví
skinhul hoda; ode kɔtipai
breasthul duda data
treei'i eata
mana'a; an baře
womanamu; amuri iva
sunevuli vatava
moonhama ɔne
waterʒu ipi
fireoki e'na·m
stonezo evi'ti
road, pathenamba; inambe bɔřiƀařa
nameifa ape'te
eathuni nene ɔmei nai
onefida kɔne
twoʒuvalo kupal'iai

Evolution

Fuyuge reflexes of purported proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[4]

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: New Guinea World, Oro – Wharton Range . 2018-01-04 .
  2. https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/oro-wharton-range/wharton-range NewGuineaWorld - Wharton Range
  3. Web site: TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea . Greenhill . Simon . 2016. 2020-11-05.
  4. Book: Pawley . Andrew . Hammarström . Harald . Palmer . Bill . 2018 . The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide . The Trans New Guinea family . The World of Linguistics . 4 . Berlin . De Gruyter Mouton . 21–196 . 978-3-11-028642-7.