Western Wheel Works Explained

Western Wheel Works
Industry:Manufacturing
Predecessors:-->
Founded: in Chicago, U.S.
Founder:Adolph Schoeninger
Successors:-->
Hq Location City:Chicago
Areas Served:-->
Products:Bicycles
Owners:-->
Num Employees:1500

Western Wheel Works was a Chicago bicycle company started by Adolph Schoeninger in 1866. It was one of the largest bicycle makers in the world.[1] In 1899 it joined a trust which controlled 95 percent of the bicycle manufacturing market.[2]

History

In 1865, Schoeninger and his partner F. Westermann started out manufacturing toys and other novelties under the name Western Toy Company. The factory burned down in 1866.[3] In 1866 Western toy Works took over another factory which produced toy and baby carriages. The Western toy Company specialized in toy wagons.[4]

The toy company operated until the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.[5] By 1872 Schoeninger obtained financing from European banks and rebuilt. In 1887 The Western Toy Company purchased the Vergho Rubling Co., a former toy dealer.[6]

The company began making safety bicycles bicycles in the late 1880s, under the Crescent name.[4] It also manufactured tricycles and children's bikes in 1890.[7] By 1890 it was among the largest bicycle manufacturers in the world.[8] It is known as a pioneer in the mass production of bicycles: rather than machining bicycle "parts such as hubs, sprockets, chain guards, fenders, and rims", it employed the much faster process of stamping them,[9] thereby more than doubling the output of the factory in 1891.[10]

In 1893 Schoeninger transferred his ownership of the company to his two sons-in-law and he started a new company called the Home Rattan Company.

By 1897 the company employed 1,500 people and produced 350 bicycles a day.[11]

American Bicycle Company (1899-1903)

In 1899 the company joined a trust which was set up to control the bicycle market in the United States. Forty-two factories were part of the trust; the major barrier to organizing it was the manufacturer of rubber tires. It was decided that tires would be purchased from the "Rubber King", Charles R. Flint.[12] The trust which formed under the name American Bicycle Company only lasted a few years. Historians have not determined why the company failed but they have several theories. One idea was that the company was poorly organized, and another theory is that the various manufacturers involved in the company had different objectives. After the breakup the many different companies went back to competing.[13]

Notes and References

  1. News: Crescent Wheels for 1899 . 11 December 2021 . Birmingham Age Herald . 22 November 1898 . 11 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211211192900/https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-nov-22-1898-2876325/ . live .
  2. News: Only One Bicycle Trust . 11 December 2021 . Daily Times . 21 May 1899 . 11 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211211192753/https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-may-21-1899-2876040/ . live .
  3. Book: La Touche . Royal L. . Chicago and Its Resources Twenty Years After 1871-1891 A Commercial History Showing the Progress and Growth of Two Decades from the Great Fire to the Present Time . 1 January 1892 . The Chicago Times Company . Chicago Illinois . 143 . 12 December 2021 . 26 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220226150534/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chicago_and_Its_Resources_Twenty_Years_A/EMZEAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=adolph+schoeninger+1833&pg=PA142-IA3&printsec=frontcover . live .
  4. Book: Hounshell . David A. . From the American system to mass production, 1800-1932 : the development of manufacturing technology in the United States . 1984 . Johns Hopkins University Press . Baltimore . 978-0801831584 . 209 . 13 December 2021 . 26 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220226150534/https://www.google.com/books/edition/From_the_American_System_to_Mass_Product/9H3tHKUFcfsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Western+Toy+Company&pg=PA209&printsec=frontcover . live .
  5. Book: Moses . John . Biographical dictionary and portrait gallery of the representative men of. . 2010 . The Lewis Publishing company . Chicago Illinois . 978-1149752647 . 521 . 11 December 2021 . 26 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220226150534/https://books.google.com/books?id=v7YyAQAAMAAJ&dq=Adolph+Schoeninger+1833&pg=PA517 . live .
  6. News: Heavy Failure . 12 December 2021 . Decatur Daily Review . 11 January 1887 . 12 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211212030315/https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-jan-11-1887-2876880/ . live .
  7. News: Boys and Girls . 11 December 2021 . Fort Wayne Weekly Gazette . 14 August 1890 . 11 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211211192823/https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-aug-14-1890-2876069/ . live .
  8. News: Cycling Chicago . 11 December 2021 . Philadelphia Inquirer . 27 July 1890 . 11 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211211192730/https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-jul-27-1890-2876085/ . live .
  9. Book: Dodge, Pryor . The Bicycle . Paris . Flammarion . 1996 . 162.
  10. Book: Tatarsky . Daniel . The splendid book of the bicycle . 2016 . Portico . London . 978-1910232569 . 12 December 2021 . 26 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220226150535/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Splendid_Book_of_the_Bicycle/3k8mEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=adolph+schoeninger&pg=PT186&printsec=frontcover . live .
  11. Book: Unrivaled Chicago . 1897 . Rand McNally and Company . Chicago and New York . 978-0484513128 . 69 . 11 December 2021 . 26 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220226150535/https://books.google.com/books?id=J1Y0AQAAMAAJ&dq=Adolph+Schoeninger+1833&pg=PA69 . live .
  12. News: The Bicycle Trust . 11 December 2021 . Cincinnati Commercial Tribune . 29 July 1899 . 11 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211211192756/https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-jul-29-1899-2876239/ . live .
  13. Epperson . Bruce D. . 'The finances stagger these fellows': the Great American Bicycle Trust, 1899–1903 . The International Journal of the History of Sport . 26 January 2022 . Taylor Francis Group . 1 November 2011 . 28 . 18 . 2633–2652 . 10.1080/09523367.2011.611408 . 153677588 . 26 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220126165013/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09523367.2011.611408 . live .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Western Wheel Works".

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