| State: | West Virginia |
| District Number: | 3 |
| Obsolete: | yes |
| Created: | 1863 |
| Eliminated: | 2020 |
| Years: | 1863–2023 |
West Virginia's 3rd congressional district is an obsolete U.S. congressional district in southern West Virginia. At various times the district covered different parts of the state, but in its final form included the state's second-largest city, Huntington; included Bluefield, Princeton, and Beckley; and has a long history of coal mining (especially in the southwestern counties), forestry, and farming.[1]
The district was last represented by Republican Carol Miller. However, because West Virginia lost a congressional seat in the 2020 census, it was eliminated in 2023.[2] On October 22, 2021, Governor Jim Justice signed the new congressional map plans into law. Under the plan, all of the current 3rd would be part of the new 1st. Incumbent representative Miller announced her candidacy for the new 1st district.[3] [4]
The district grew in geographic size over the years, as it contained the area of the state that lost the most population. Most of the congressmen listed below prior to the 1992 election cycle actually represented other parts of the state, as most of the recent 3rd district's history was found in the also obsolete 4th, 5th, and 6th districts.
The last version of the 3rd district began to take shape in the 1960s. For much of its history, the 4th district had been focused on Huntington and the mill towns and farm communities north of that city along the Ohio River, while the 5th and 6th districts were focused on the then safely Democratic coal fields. In the 1970 redistricting, the 5th (which had absorbed most of the 6th due to population loss 10 years earlier) was eliminated, and most of its territory was merged into the 4th to form what is now the western half of the 3rd. In the 1990 redistricting the old 4th was renumbered as the 3rd and took in what is now the eastern half of its current shape from a previous version of the 2nd district.
The major areas of the last version of the district included the industrial and university city of Huntington, the coal producing southwestern part of the state, and the more conservative farm and timber region of the southeastern part of the state. 2010 census figures again showed a major population loss, and Mason County was transferred from the 2nd to the 3rd district. This did not change the character of the district in a significant way.
Despite the strength of Democrats at the local and state level, in presidential elections the district followed the increasing Republican trend in West Virginia. While Bill Clinton twice carried the district handily in three-way races, Al Gore had just narrowly won the district in 2000 with 51% of the vote. George W. Bush won the district in 2004 with 53% of the vote, and John McCain carried the district in 2008 with 55.76% of the vote, continuing the district, and the state's rightward shift despite a large shift towards the Democrats nationally in 2008. In 2012, the district shifted significantly towards the Republicans yet again, with Republican Mitt Romney defeating President Barack Obama 65.0% to 32.8% in the district. In 2016, the district shifted even further towards the Republican Party, with Republican Donald Trump defeating Democrat Hillary Clinton (wife of Bill Clinton, who carried the district by significant margins in the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections), by a massive margin of 72.5% to 23.3%.
The district became obsolete following the 2020 United States census.[5]
Election results from presidential races:
| Year | Office | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | President | Bill Clinton 58% - Bob Dole 32% | |
| 2000 | President | Al Gore 51% - George W. Bush 44% | |
| Senate | Robert Byrd 80% - David Gallaher 18% | ||
| 2004 | President | George W. Bush 53% - John Kerry 46% | |
| 2008 | President | John McCain 56% - Barack Obama 42% | |
| 2012 | President | Mitt Romney 65% - Barack Obama 33% | |
| Senate | Joe Manchin 65% - John Raese 32% | ||
| 2014 | Senate | Shelley Moore Capito 61% - Natalie Tennant 36% | |
| 2016 | President | Donald Trump 73% - Hillary Clinton 23% | |
| 2018 | Senate | Joe Manchin 49% - Patrick Morrisey 47% | |
| 2020 | President | Donald Trump 73%- Joe Biden 27% |
The third district, as originally formed in 1863, included Kanawha, Jackson, Mason, Putnam, Cabell, Clay, Wayne, Logan, Boone, Braxton, Nicholas, Roane and McDowell counties. It was essentially the successor of Virginia's 12th congressional district.
In 1882, the district was reformed to include Logan, Wyoming, McDowell, Mercer, Raleigh, Boone, Kanawha, Fayette, Clay, Nicholas, Greenbrier, Monroe, Summers, Webster, Pocahontas, and Upshur counties. In 1902, Logan, Wyoming, McDowell, Raleigh, Boone and Mercer were removed. In 1916 the district was, more or less, renumbered as the new 6th district, and the 3rd was totally reconstituted as Ritchie, Doddridge, Harrison, Calhoun, Gilmer, Lewis, Upshur, Braxton, Clay, Nicholas, and Webster counties. In 1934, Fayette was added. In 1952, Wirt was added. In 1962, the district was again totally broken up and reconstituted as Boone, Clay, Kanawha, Nicholas and Raleigh. In 1972, Raleigh was removed and Ritchie, Wirt, Gilmer, Calhoun, Mason, Jackson, Roane, Braxton, Putnam, Lincoln, and Boone were added. In 1982, Lewis was added.
The district's last configuration dated from the 1990 round of redistricting. From 1992 to 2002, it consisted of Boone, Cabell, Fayette, Greenbrier, Lincoln, Logan, McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Monroe, Pocahontas, Raleigh, Summers, Wayne, Webster, and Wyoming. In 2002, Nicholas was added. For the 2012 cycle, Mason was added.[6] All of the counties of the last version of the district are now part of the 1st District.
| Member | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District established December 7, 1863 | |||||||
| align=left | Kellian Whaley | Union | nowrap | December 7, 1863 – March 3, 1867 | Elected in 1863. Re-elected in 1864. Retired. | ||
| align=left | Daniel Polsley | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1869 | Elected in 1866. Retired. | ||
| align=left | John Witcher | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1871 | Elected in 1868. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Frank Hereford | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1871 – January 31, 1877 | Elected in 1870. Re-elected in 1872. Re-elected in 1874. Retired to run for U.S. Senator and resigned when elected. | ||
| Vacant | nowrap | January 31, 1877 – March 3, 1877 | |||||
| align=left | John E. Kenna | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1883 | Elected in 1876. Re-elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882, but resigned when elected U.S. Senator. | ||
| Vacant | nowrap | March 4, 1883 – May 15, 1883 | |||||
| align=left | Charles P. Snyder | Democratic | nowrap | May 15, 1883 – March 3, 1889 | Elected to finish Kenna's term. Re-elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Retired. | ||
| align=left | John D. Alderson | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1895 | Elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | James Hall Huling | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897 | Elected in 1894. Retired. | ||
| align=left | Charles Dorr | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899 | Elected in 1896. Retired. | ||
| align=left | David Emmons Johnston | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1901 | Elected in 1898. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Joseph H. Gaines | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1911 | Elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Adam Brown Littlepage | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1913 | Elected in 1910. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Samuel B. Avis | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1915 | Elected in 1912. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Adam Brown Littlepage | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1917 | Elected in 1914. Redistricted to the . | ||
| align=left | Stuart F. Reed | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1925 | Elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Retired. | ||
| align=left | John M. Wolverton | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1927 | Elected in 1924. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | William S. O'Brien | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1927 – March 3, 1929 | Elected in 1926. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | John M. Wolverton | Republican | nowrap | March 4, 1929 – March 3, 1931 | Elected in 1928. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Lynn Hornor | Democratic | nowrap | March 4, 1931 – September 23, 1933 | Elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Died. | ||
| Vacant | nowrap | September 23, 1933 – November 28, 1933 | |||||
| align=left | Andrew Edmiston Jr. | Democratic | nowrap | November 28, 1933 – January 3, 1943 | Elected to finish Hornor's term. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Edward G. Rohrbough | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1945 | Elected in 1942. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Cleveland M. Bailey | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1947 | Elected in 1944. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Edward G. Rohrbough | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949 | Elected in 1946. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Cleveland M. Bailey | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1963 | Elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Redistricted to the and lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | John M. Slack Jr. | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1963 – March 17, 1980 | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Died. | ||
| Vacant | nowrap | March 17, 1980 – June 30, 1980 | |||||
| align=left | John G. Hutchinson | Democratic | nowrap | June 30, 1980 – January 3, 1981 | Elected to finish Slack's term. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Mick Staton | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1983 | Elected in 1980. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Bob Wise | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1993 | Elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Redistricted to the . | ||
| align=left | Nick Rahall | Democratic | nowrap | January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2015 | Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Lost re-election. | ||
| align=left | Evan Jenkins | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 2015 – September 30, 2018 | Elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Resigned to become Justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia. | ||
| Vacant | nowrap | September 30, 2018 – January 3, 2019 | |||||
| align=left | Carol Miller | Republican | nowrap | January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023 | Elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Redistricted to the . | ||
| District dissolved January 3, 2023 | |||||||