West Ham United F.C. Under-21s and Academy explained

Clubname:West Ham United Under-21s
Fullname:West Ham United Football Club (Under-21s)
Nickname:The Irons
The Hammers
The Academy of Football
Short Name:WHU U21s
Ground:Rush Green Stadium, Romford, London, England
Capacity:6,078
Owner:David Sullivan (38.8%)
Daniel Křetínský (27%)
Estate of David Gold (25.1%)
Albert 'Tripp' Smith (8%)
Other Investors (1.1%)[1]
Manager:Steve Potts
League:Premier League 2
Season:2021–22
Position:Premier League 2 Division 1, 2nd of 14
(as U23s)
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Website:http://www.whufc.com/teams/development-squad/squad

The Academy of West Ham United F.C. is historically one of the most productive football academies in British football. This success has resulted in its nickname the Academy of Football.

The introduction of the FA's new academy system in 1998 has placed even more emphasis on the development of young homegrown players, and today the youth system at West Ham is more important than it has ever been.[2] With the influx of many foreign players in the Premier League during modern times, West Ham United has been regarded as one of the few remaining clubs in the top flight to continue producing and playing homegrown English players.

The Under-21 team is the most senior of West Ham's youth squads. The Under-21 team is effectively the club's second-string side but is limited to five outfield players and one goalkeeper over the age of 21 per game following the introduction of new regulations from the 2022–23 season.[3] They play in Premier League 2 and also compete in the Papa John's Trophy.

The Academy of Football

'The Academy of Football' , or just 'The Academy,' is a nickname of West Ham United.[4] [5] [6] The title pays homage to the success of the club in coaching talented young players.[5] [6] [7] The title, originally attributed to the club by the press, has since been officially adopted by the club and is displayed in several prominent places around the stadium such as being printed beside the club crest on the artificial surface surrounding the pitch at Upton Park.

The original tribute intended to reference the entire culture of the club in much the same way as the Liverpool "Boot Room". It was not solely reserved for the education of young players but also for the development of a modern approach to football from the roots up, as inspired by the success of the Hungarian national team featuring Ferenc Puskás that had humiliated England 6–3, and the great Real Madrid side of the late 1950s that dominated the European Cup.

Academy history

The 'Academy of Football' term was first used in the early years of Ron Greenwood's reign as West Ham manager (1961–1974). Greenwood had inherited a young team of players from Ted Fenton, and the club was noted for its reliance on homegrown talent with Bobby Moore, Martin Peters, Geoff Hurst, John Lyall, Ronnie Boyce, John Sissons, Alan Sealey and Harry Redknapp all in the first team or periphery. Further foundations had been laid with stalwart Ken Brown at the back, Malcolm Musgrove on the left wing (who was to leave in the second season), and the addition of John "Budgie" Byrne upfront.

The true heritage of this side, however, owed its pedigree to the practices put in place by the previous manager.

Fenton was praised as a forward-thinking manager. He pushed for the establishment of "The Academy," which brought through a series of young players to augment a side that could not be improved with the limited finances available. Two of the signings he did manage to make were those of John Dick and Malcolm Allison. Other players of the day included John Bond, Dave Sexton, Jimmy Andrews and Frank O'Farrell (later swapped for Eddie Lewis) and Tommy Moroney all part of an original 'Cafe Cassettari' club started by Fenton as a result of the restrictive budget.[8]

Cassettari's Café sat opposite the Boleyn Ground, and Fenton organized a deal that saw meals and a warm welcome for the club players at a price the club could manage. It became a place for routine team discussion, and ideas and wisdom freely passed back and forth.[9] The tradition of mentorship lasted long into the 1960s even after Fenton had moved on and saw future managers John Lyall and Harry Redknapp pass through.[10] West Ham, with meetings at Cassettari's Café, soon gained a reputation for producing managers via playing for the club including Malcolm Allison, Noel Cantwell, Frank O'Farrell, John Bond, Dave Sexton, Jimmy Andrews and Malcolm Musgrove.[11]

Fenton introduced continental ideas to the team, revamping training methods, and taking inspiration from higher-ranked teams. Fenton had been impressed greatly by the all-conquering Hungarians of the 1950s led by Ferenc Puskás, and the Cassettari program and development of the academy were at the core.[9] Ernie Gregory said (of the 1950s diet) "We'd usually eaten fish or chicken and toast before then, but Dr. Thomas advised us all to eat steak and rice two hours before kick-off. All the other clubs copied us after that".[12] However, not all the changes were strictly down to Fenton, Musgrove attributed much of the training regime to Allison, going so far as to state that once the players were at the club (signed by Fenton) they were pretty much Allison's property.[13] As well as being a student of the game himself, Fenton encouraged all players to take coaching badges and, notably, many of his former players went on to coaching and managing roles after they retired.[14] The academy also involved, beyond the routine training and development of the youth and squad, actual tactical discussions between the players.[8]

At this time, three players who had come through the West Ham youth development system were beginning to find success in the England squad; they were Bobby Moore who debuted in 1962, Geoff Hurst and Martin Peters. In 1966, these players played a part in England's victory in the World Cup.

Moore was the most well-known of the three. He captained the England squad and was later named by Pelé as the "greatest" of all the defenders he had played against.

In the World Cup final against West Germany in which England won 4–2, Hurst scored the first hat-trick ever scored at a World Cup final match, and Peters scored the other goal. This gave rise to the West Ham supporters' partly sarcastic terrace chant:

A bronze statue of these three players (and Everton defender Ray Wilson) holding the Jules Rimet Trophy aloft was erected in 2003 at the junction of Barking Road and Green Street close to Upton Park.

During the next thirty years, West Ham's youth academy produced many professional players. Notable Academy "graduates" during this time include Frank Lampard Sr. and (later Sir) Trevor Brooking, who both featured in the club's 1975 FA Cup win with a team composed solely of English players; no club since has repeated this accomplishment.

Since 1973 the academy has been managed by Tony Carr, himself a "graduate" but whose career was cut short by injury.

Paul Ince played his first game for West Ham in 1986, and went on to win more trophies than any other Academy "graduate", albeit with Manchester United.

Premier League era

In 1996, the reputation of the academy began a fresh revival with the arrival of Rio Ferdinand and Frank Lampard Jnr. That year, the West Ham youth team reached the FA Youth Cup Final, losing to a Liverpool side inspired by Michael Owen. However, both Ferdinand and Lampard would see success in subsequent years.[15] [16]

In 1999, the West Ham youth team won the FA Youth Cup, beating Coventry City 9–0 on aggregate. The team featured Joe Cole and Michael Carrick. Ferdinand and Carrick played against Lampard and Cole when Manchester United met Chelsea at the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final.

Recent Academy "graduates" include Glen Johnson, Billy Mehmet, Freddy Eastwood, Anton Ferdinand (younger brother of Rio), Elliott Ward, Mark Noble, Jack Collison, James Tomkins and Declan Rice.[17]

During the 2022–23 season, West Ham's under-18 won 26 out of 30 games in all competitions, winning the U18 Premier League South and the FA Youth Cup, beating Arsenal 5–1 at the Emirates Stadium to lift the trophy for the fourth time.[18]

Relationship with West Ham United

The academy is an important part of the club's identity and a regular source of players for the first team. When the club was relegated from the FA Premier League in 2003, the sale of young Academy stars arguably saved the club from financial disaster. It has been argued that if West Ham had kept all of their Academy "graduates" since Rio Ferdinand, they would currently be among the very top English teams.

With their promotion via the Championship Play-Offs in 2005 West Ham have returned to England's top league. Three Academy "graduates" had been key players in this achievement; Anton Ferdinand, Elliott Ward, and Mark Noble. In the 2007–08 season, manager Alan Curbishley handed three graduates, Jack Collison, James Tomkins and Freddie Sears, their debuts.

Gianfranco Zola, who previously worked with the Italy U21's, stated his desire to continue the club's tradition of using homegrown talent. Noble, Tomkins and Collison all went on to play an important part as West Ham beat relegation to finish 9th in the 2008–09 season. Under him, Zavon Hines and Junior Stanislas have impressed after the August 2009 League Cup match against Millwall where they both scored in a 3–1 win.[19]

West Ham as a 'selling club'

A case may be made that West Ham has been a 'selling club' in recent years, that is, a club that provides quality players to other clubs for profit but does not have the prestige or financial means to keep those players for the benefit of their own team. This reputation probably began with the sale of Rio Ferdinand to Leeds United in 2000. Since then, West Ham has sold six Academy "graduates" for transfer fees totaling over £50 million (including £18 million for Ferdinand, who was later sold on to Manchester United for £30 million).[20] This amount has traditionally been much greater than the club's own spending on players (most of which was financed by the above income), and many of the players found success with financially stronger clubs such as Chelsea and Manchester United who are two of the English clubs capable of competing on a different level to most other teams.[21]

Though not a club, the England national team has included various academy apprentices or graduates in recent years, including Rio Ferdinand, Michael Carrick, Frank Lampard, Joe Cole, Jermain Defoe and Glen Johnson, as well as John Terry who spent part of his development with the club.[22] [23]

Quotes

"The crowds at West Ham have never been rewarded by results but they keep turning up because of the good football they see. Other clubs will suffer from the old bugbear that results count more than anything. This has been the ruination of English soccer."Ron Greenwood, West Ham manager 1961–1974.[24]

"No way is it all down to me. It's very difficult to say why we've been so successful in youth terms; I suppose it's down to a number of factors but, most importantly, our recruitment area of east London and Essex is really fertile."Tony Carr, director of Youth Development at West Ham 1973–2010, quoted in an interview published by The Daily Telegraph 14 June 2004.[24]

"Why should we sell Rio Ferdinand? Are we a Premier League club or are we just a feeder club for bigger clubs? If we start selling players like Rio, where is the club going to go?"Harry Redknapp, West Ham manager 1994–2001.

"The biggest single contributor to the current England national squad is not Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool or Chelsea, but the West Ham Youth Academy."ITV Football article, 13 September 2004.

Reserve team history

The West Ham United Reserves Team was founded in 1899 as Thames Ironworks Reserves and they changed their name to West Ham Reserves in 1900. They joined London League Division One in the season 1899–1900. In 2007–08 they were FA Premier Reserve League Southern Division runners-up on goal difference.[25]

'A' team

Between 1948 and 1956 West Ham entered an 'A' team into the Eastern Counties League.[26] In 1952 they also began playing in the Metropolitan League. After leaving the ECL they remained in the Metropolitan League, winning the League Cup in 1957–58 and the Professional Cup in 1959–60, 1966–67 and 1968–69. They left the league when it merged into the Metropolitan London League in 1971, and instead entered a youth team into the South East Counties League, which they won in 1984–85, 1995–96, and 1997–98, before leaving when the FA Academy system was set up in 1998.[26]

Under-21 team

The West Ham United Reserves competed in the Premier Reserve League South until relegation from the Premier League. The side is now classed as a development squad coached by Dmitri Halajko and Steve Potts. Friendly games were usually played at Chadwell Heath and other clubs training grounds.

Since the 2012–13 season, the team has played in the Professional Development League (now branded Premier League 2) for players under the age of 21 and a restricted number of over-age players.[27] Most home matches are played at West Ham's training ground (Rush Green), with three fixtures per season played at the London Stadium, as well as some cup competitions being played at Dagenham and Redbridge F.C.’s Victoria Road stadium.[28] [29] [30]

Current squad

Players (excluding scholars) who will qualify as U21s in season 2024-25 and who are outside the first team squad.[31]

U18U18

Out on loan

Under-18 team

The West Ham under-18's play in the U18 Premier League South. Home games are staged at Little Heath, Hainault Road in Romford, Essex. Tony Carr, a former West Ham player himself, was the youth academy director from 1973 to 2014.[32] They have won the U19 title twice in 1998–99 and 1999–2000, when the Academy League was split into the U17s and U21s.

Current squad

[33]

Out on loan

Honours

Reserve Team/Under-21's

London League (1896–1960)

1909, 1912, 1913, 1915[34] [35]

Football Combination (1919–2012)

1921, 1924, 1925, 1948, 1954, 1978, 1986[36]

Metropolitan League (1949–1971)

1958[37]

1960, 1967, 1969[38]

1968[39]

Pro Development League (since 2012)

2016[42]

South East Counties League

Academy Team

1999, 2000

2023[44]

Notable players

Alongside West Ham's aforementioned representation in the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final, the club also produced Clyde Best, Ade Coker and Clive Charles through their academy - with the trio making Football League history, by becoming the first three black players to start a game in the competition. Coker scored the second in the game against Tottenham Hotspur, on 1 April 1972, securing a 2–0 win for West Ham.[47]

Internationally capped players (pre-2000)

width=10%Playerwidth=5%Positionwidth=7.5%West Ham appearanceswidth=7.5%West Ham goalswidth=7.5%International capswidth=7.5%International goalswidth=14%International representationwidth=20%Club debutwidth=10%Manager
DF 308 207 2 0 Age 18 vs. Norwich City, Southern League, 1 March 1913 Syd King
DF 553 70 1 0 Age 18 vs. Tottenham Hotspur, First Division, 28 March 1925 Syd King
DF 474 4 1 0 Age 19 vs. Rotherham United, Second Division, 21 February 1953 Ted Fenton
DF 647 27 108 2 Age 17 vs. Manchester United, First Division, 8 September 1958 Ted Fenton
ST 503 249 49 24 Age 17 vs. Fulham, Southern Professional Floodlit Cup, 15 December 1958 Ted Fenton
MF 364 100 67 20 Age 18 vs. Cardiff City, First Division, 20 April 1962 Ron Greenwood
MF 643 102 47 5 Age 18 vs. Burnley, First Division, 29 August 1967 Ron Greenwood
DF 670 22 2 0 Age 19 vs. Manchester City, First Division, 18 November 1967 Ron Greenwood
ST 221 58 2 1 Age 18 vs. Arsenal, First Division, 25 August 1969 Ron Greenwood
ST 11 3 5 3 Age 17 vs. Crystal Palace, First Division, 30 October 1971 Ron Greenwood
ST 336 146 7 0 Age 18 vs. Tottenham Hotspur, First Division, 1 January 1983 John Lyall
MF 95 12 53 2 Age 19 vs. Chelsea, Full Members' Cup, 25 November 1986 John Lyall
MF 187 38 106 29 Age 17 vs. Coventry City, Premier League, 31 January 1996 Harry Redknapp
DF 158 2 81 3 Age 17 vs. Sheffield Wednesday, Premier League, 5 May 1996 Harry Redknapp
MF 187 18 56 10 Age 17 vs. Swansea City, FA Cup, 2 January 1999 Harry Redknapp
MF 159 6 34 0 Age 17 vs. Jokerit, Intertoto Cup, 24 July 1999 Harry Redknapp

First team graduates since 2000

Since the turn of the century, every permanent first team manager has enabled a player from West Ham's youth teams to represent the first team. The following table shows every player to have made at least one first team appearance in all competitions. Players highlighted in green are still contracted to West Ham.

width=10%Playerwidth=5%Positionwidth=7.5%West Ham appearanceswidth=7.5%West Ham goalswidth=13.5%Current clubwidth=12.5%Bornwidth=14%International honourswidth=20%Debutwidth=10%Manager
DF 3 0 Retired Age 18 vs. Newcastle United, Premier League, 3 January 2000 Harry Redknapp
ST 105 41 Retired Age 17 vs. Walsall, League Cup, 19 September 2000 Harry Redknapp
MF 4 0 Doncaster Rovers (manager) Age 21 vs. Middlesbrough, Premier League, 19 May 2001 Glenn Roeder
FW 22 0 Retired Age 20 vs. Reading, League Cup, 11 September 2001 Glenn Roeder
DF 16 0 Retired Age 18 vs. Charlton Athletic, Premier League, 22 January 2003 Glenn Roeder
DF 163 5 Retired Age 18 vs. Preston North End, Championship, 9 August 2003 Glenn Roeder
MF 22 0 Retired Age 16 vs. Sunderland, Championship, 13 December 2003 Alan Pardew
MF 3 0 Retired Age 19 vs. Crewe Alexandra, Championship, 21 August 2004 Alan Pardew
MF 550 62 West Ham United (sporting director) Age 17 vs. Southend United, League Cup, 24 August 2004 Alan Pardew
DF 21 0 West Ham United (academy coach) Age 19 vs. Southend United, League Cup, 24 August 2004 Alan Pardew
FW 1 0 Retired Age 17 vs. Sheffield Wednesday, League Cup, 20 September 2005 Alan Pardew
FW 1 0 Retired Age 18 vs. Sheffield Wednesday, League Cup, 20 September 2005 Alan Pardew
FW 9 1 Age 18 vs. West Bromwich Albion, Premier League, 1 May 2006 Alan Pardew
MF 121 14 Retired Age 19 vs. Arsenal, Premier League, 1 January 2008 Alan Curbishley
FW 58 3 Age 18 vs. Blackburn Rovers, Premier League, 15 March 2008 Alan Curbishley
DF 243 11 Age 18 vs. Everton, Premier League, 22 March 2008 Alan Curbishley
FW 31 3 West Ham United (youth coach) Age 19 vs. Macclesfield Town, League Cup, 27 August 2008 Alan Curbishley
FW 47 8 Retired Age 19 vs. West Bromwich Albion, Premier League, 16 March 2009 Gianfranco Zola
MF 3 0 Age 18 vs. Blackburn Rovers, Premier League, 21 March 2009 Gianfranco Zola
DF 1 0 Retired Age 20 vs. Bolton Wanderers, League Cup, 22 September 2009 Gianfranco Zola
MF 2 0 Age 19 vs. Arsenal, FA Cup, 3 January 2010 Gianfranco Zola
DF 10 0 Retired Age 19 vs. Manchester City, FA Cup, 9 May 2010 Gianfranco Zola
GK 3 0 Ligmet Milín Age 20 vs. Oxford United, League Cup, 24 August 2010 Avram Grant
DF 1 0 Retired Age 19 vs. Aldershot Town, League Cup, 24 August 2011 Sam Allardyce
DF 13 0 Age 17 vs. Barnsley, Championship, 17 December 2011 Sam Allardyce
FW 7 0 Age 18 vs. Derby County, Championship, 31 December 2011 Sam Allardyce
MF 3 0 Age 18 vs. Crewe Alexandra, League Cup, 28 August 2012 Sam Allardyce
MF 2 0 Age 19 vs. Crewe Alexandra, League Cup, 28 August 2012 Sam Allardyce
ST 1 0 Age 18 vs. Wigan Athletic, League Cup, 25 September 2012 Sam Allardyce
ST 7 1 Age 18 vs. Manchester United, FA Cup, 16 January 2013 Sam Allardyce
DF 3 0 Retired Age 18 vs. Cheltenham Town, League Cup, 27 August 2013 Sam Allardyce
DF 15 1 Age 17 vs. Nottingham Forest, FA Cup, 5 January 2014 Sam Allardyce
DF 1 0 Free agent Age 21 vs. Nottingham Forest, FA Cup, 5 January 2014 Sam Allardyce
MF 1 0 Age 20 vs. Nottingham Forest, FA Cup, 5 January 2014 Sam Allardyce
MF 1 0 Age 19 vs. Nottingham Forest, FA Cup, 5 January 2014 Sam Allardyce
MF 10 0 BurnleyAge 19 vs. Lusitanos, Europa League, 2 July 2015 Slaven Bilić
DF 17 0 Age 16 vs. Lusitanos, Europa League, 2 July 2015 Slaven Bilić
DF 3 0 Age 19 vs. Lusitanos, Europa League, 2 July 2015 Slaven Bilić
ST 2 0 Age 18 vs. Lusitanos, Europa League, 2 July 2015 Slaven Bilić
Amos Nasha MF 1 0 Age 19 vs. Lusitanos, Europa League, 9 July 2015 Slaven Bilić
FW 1 0 Free agent Age 18 vs. Astra Giurgiu, Europa League, 6 August 2015 Slaven Bilić
DF 1 0 Age 18 vs. Astra Giurgiu, Europa League, 6 August 2015 Slaven Bilić
MF 1 0 Age 18 vs. Astra Giurgiu, Europa League, 18 August 2016 Slaven Bilić
MF 245 15 Age 18 vs. Burnley, Premier League, 21 May 2017 Slaven Bilić
MF 10 0 Age 18 vs. Macclesfield Town, League Cup, 26 August 2018 Manuel Pellegrini
MF 21 2 Age 20 vs. Macclesfield Town, League Cup, 26 August 2018 Manuel Pellegrini
MF 1 0 Age 19 vs. Macclesfield Town, League Cup, 26 August 2018 Manuel Pellegrini
DF 109 2 Age 19 vs. Manchester City, Premier League, 27 February 2019 Manuel Pellegrini
DF 5 0 Age 19 vs. Liverpool, Premier League, 29 January 2020 David Moyes
DF 7 0 Newcastle UnitedAge 18 vs. Charlton Athletic, League Cup, 15 September 2020 David Moyes
DF 2 0 Age 19 vs. Hull City, League Cup, 21 September 2020 David Moyes
MF 2 0 Age 19 vs. Hull City, League Cup, 21 September 2020 David Moyes
FW 2 0 Age 18 vs. Stockport County, FA Cup, 11 January 2021 David Moyes
GK 1 0 Age 22 vs. Doncaster Rovers, FA Cup, 23 January 2021 David Moyes
DF 2 0 Free agent Age 17 vs. Doncaster Rovers, FA Cup, 23 January 2021 David Moyes
MF 2 0 Age 19 vs. Genk, Europa League, 22 October 2021 David Moyes
FW 3 0 Leyton Orient (on loan from Leeds United) Age 17 vs. Rapid Wien, Europa League, 25 November 2021 David Moyes
MF 2 0 Free agent Age 20 vs. Dinamo Zagreb, Europa League, 9 December 2021 David Moyes
MF 3 0 Age 18 vs. Dinamo Zagreb, Europa League, 9 December 2021 David Moyes
MF 1 0 Age 16 vs. FCSB, Europa Conference League, 3 November 2022 David Moyes
FW 18 1 Free agent Age 18 vs. FCSB, Europa Conference League, 3 November 2022 David Moyes
DF 2 0 Age 18 vs. FCSB, Europa Conference League, 3 November 2022 David Moyes
MF 1 0 Age 19 vs. FCSB, Europa Conference League, 3 November 2022 David Moyes
DF 1 0 Age 19 vs. AEK Larnaca, Europa Conference League, 16 March 2023 David Moyes
MF 4 1 Age 19 vs. Freiburg, Europa League, 14 March 2024 David Moyes

Other players

These players either trained at the academy but never played for West Ham first team or trained at multiple clubs in their youth. Only permanent spells are shown.

Career: 1992–2011; Tottenham Hotspur, Arsenal, Portsmouth, Notts County, Newcastle United

International caps: 73 caps, 1 goal

Career: 1998–2018; Chelsea, Aston Villa

International caps: 78 caps, 8 goals

Career: 2002–2016; Manchester United, Sunderland, Fulham, Aston Villa, Cardiff City

International caps: 8 caps, 2 goals

Career: 2002–2015; Grays Athletic, Southend United, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Coventry City

International caps: 11 caps, 4 goals

Career: 2002–2015; Aston Villa, Bolton Wanderers, Esteghlal, Paykan, Egerton

International caps: 2 caps, 0 goals

Career: 2000–2014; Barnet, Chesham United, Oldham Athletic, Southampton, Crystal Palace, Wigan Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Watford

Career: 2003–; Dunfermline Athletic, St Mirren, Gençlerbirliği, Samsunspor, Perth Glory, Bangkok Glass, Dempo, Kedah FA, Sarawak FA, Tampines Rovers, DPMM, Merit Alsancak Yeşilova

International caps: 5 caps, 4 goals

Career: 1997–2012: Corinthian, Dartford, Gravesend & Northfleet, Peterborough United, Wigan Athletic, Fulham, Hull City, Ipswich Town, Milton Keynes Dons

Career: 2012–: Wycombe Wanderers, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Aston Villa

English top division

English 2nd tier or below

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Ownership | West Ham United F.C. .
  2. http://www.whufc.com/page/AcademyHistory/0,,12562,00.html West Ham United Academy – History
  3. Web site: Premier League 2 becomes under-21 competition . 2023-01-20 . www.premierleague.com . en.
  4. Web site: Sky Sports profile. Skysports.co.uk.
  5. Web site: London Net Club profile. Londonnet.co.uk.
  6. Web site: Sky Sports profile. Tony Stevens. TheFA.com.
  7. Web site: In The News Club profile. inthenews.co.uk.
  8. Web site: Frank O'Farrell Talks exclusively to "Ex", Issue 7. Tony McDonald. Ex-Hammers.com.
  9. Web site: The Ingratitude of Real Madrid. Andy Newman. Socialist Unity Network.
  10. Web site: Club History. John Hellier. WHUFC.com.
  11. Web site: West Ham Club History 1950s . 7 April 2024 . WHUFC.com .
  12. Web site: Ernie Gregory Talks exclusively to "Ex", Issue 5. Tony McDonald. Ex-Hammers.com.
  13. Web site: Malcolm Musgrove Talks exclusively to "Ex", Issue 8. Tony McDonald. Ex-Hammers.com.
  14. News: John Lyall – Obituary. Julie Welch. Guardian Newspaper . London . 20 April 2006 . 25 May 2010.
  15. News: Carr's kids on biggest stage. whufc.com. 20 May 2008.
  16. News: Hammers' stars of the future shine. Waltham Forest Guardian. 9 April 2009.
  17. News: Five things we learned from the Premier League this weekend. The Guardian. 21 September 2009 . London . Rob . Smyth.
  18. Web site: West Ham United outgun Arsenal to win 2023 FA Youth Cup. West Ham United F.C.. 25 April 2023. 25 April 2023.
  19. Web site: Future bright for Zola . Whufc.com . 2010-04-29.
  20. Web site: West Ham no longer a selling club after keeping Dimitri Payet, says Slaven Bilic . Sky Sports . 10 August 2016. 16 August 2018.
  21. News: The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2018. Ozanian. Mike. Forbes. 12 June 2018. 16 August 2018.
  22. Web site: West Ham honour youth boss who nurtured £80m of talent . BBC Sport. 5 May 2010. 16 August 2018.
  23. Web site: West Ham academy is the gift which keeps on giving to club and country . The Guardian. 4 May 2010. 16 August 2018.
  24. Web site: Phillip. Robert. England's cockney boys are driven to success by Carr. 12 October 2008 . thenational.ae. 30 October 2012.
  25. Web site: West Ham United Reserves . FCHD.info . 25 April 2015.
  26. Blakeman, M (2010) The Official History of the Eastern Counties Football League 1935–2010, Volume II
  27. Web site: Hendon gearing up for new season . West Ham United F.C. . 11 June 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194754/https://www.whufc.com/articles/20120611/hendon-gearing-up-for-new-season_2236884_2806196 . 1 February 2014 . dead.
  28. Web site: As it Happened: U21s 1-0 Valencia CF U21s | West Ham United F.C. .
  29. Web site: Development Squad: Fixtures and Results . West Ham United F.C. . 29 January 2019 .
  30. Web site: Hammers U23s to kick-off PL2 season at Spurs . West Ham United F.C. . 26 July 2018 . 29 January 2019 .
  31. Web site: Premier League 2: Squad. West Ham United F.C.. 24 July 2021.
  32. Web site: Who's Who. WHUFC.com.
  33. Web site: Academy Squad. West Ham United F.C. . 14 July 2021.
  34. Web site: TABLE 1896–1910 . Non League Matters . 22 May 2023 .
    Web site: TABLE 1910–1928 . Non League Matters . 22 May 2023 .
  35. Web site: LONDON LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIP . . 30 April 1912 . 22 May 2022 . subscription . .
    Web site: WEST HAM RESERVES WIN THE CHAMPIONSHIP . Sporting Life . 30 April 1913 . 22 May 2022 . subscription . British Newspaper Archive .
    Web site: LONDON LEAGUE FINAL . Essex Times . 1 May 1915 . 22 May 2022 . subscription . .
  36. Web site: Football Combination 1947–48 . WHU Programmes . 16 August 2020.
    Web site: Football Combination 1953–54 (1 of 2). WHU Programmes . 16 August 2020.
    Web site: Football Combination 1953–54 (2 of 2) . WHU Programmes . 16 August 2020.
  37. Web site: Metropolitan League 'A' 1957–58 . WHU Programmes . 16 August 2020 .
  38. Web site: Metropolitan League 'A' 1959–60 . WHU Programmes . 16 August 2020 .
    Web site: Metropolitan League 'A' 1966–67 . WHU Programmes . 16 August 2020 .
    Web site: Metropolitan league 'A' 1968–69 . WHU Programmes . 16 August 2020 .
  39. Web site: Metropolitan league 'A' 1967–68 . WHU Programmes . 16 August 2020 .
  40. Web site: Premier League Table, Form Guide & Season Archives .
  41. Web site: Premier League Table, Form Guide & Season Archives .
  42. Web site: Dev Squad crowned Cup Champions | West Ham United . https://web.archive.org/web/20160508110103/http://www.whufc.com/News/Articles/2016/May/4-May/Live-Hull-City-U21-v-Dev-Squad . 8 May 2016 .
  43. Web site: South East Counties League Div I 1966–67 . WHU Programmes . 16 August 2020.
    Web site: South East Counties League Div I 1968–69 . WHU Programmes . 16 August 2020.
  44. Web site: West Ham United - U18 Premier League South champions!. West Ham United F.C.. 15 April 2023. 16 April 2023.
  45. Web site: Honours. WHUFC.com.
  46. . Web site: Honours. WHUFC.com. .
  47. Web site: Clyde Best on the day West Ham made football history. West Ham United F.C.. 23 February 2020. 30 June 2020.