TQL Stadium explained

TQL Stadium
Former Names:West End Stadium
Logo Image:TQL Stadium logo.svg
Image Upright:1.2
Address:1501 Central Parkway
Location:Cincinnati, Ohio
Coordinates:39.1114°N -84.5222°W
Type:Soccer-specific stadium
Broke Ground:December 18, 2018
Opened:May 16, 2021
Owner:Port of Greater Cincinnati Development Authority[1]
Operator:FC Cincinnati
Surface:
Cost:$250 million
Architect:Populous
Builder:Turner Construction
Project Manager:Machete Group
Structural Engineer:Buro Happold & Julie Cromwell Associates
Capacity:26,000[3]
Suites:53[4]
Tenants:FC Cincinnati (MLS) (2021–present)
Publictransit: Connector
Metro
Red Bike

TQL Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It is the home of FC Cincinnati, a Major League Soccer (MLS) team that has played there since the stadium opened on May 16, 2021. The stadium holds approximately 26,000 spectators and is located in the West End neighborhood, at the former site of Stargel Stadium on Central Parkway at Wade Street. It has a Bermuda Grass surface called Tahoma 31.[5] During construction, it was also known as the West End Stadium.

The stadium was proposed in 2016, as part of the team's bid for an MLS expansion franchise, to replace their temporary arrangement at Nippert Stadium. A list of sites was submitted with the bid in January 2017 and later narrowed to three candidates: in Oakley, the West End, and Newport, Kentucky. The West End site was chosen in early 2018 and approved in April through a land swap deal with Cincinnati Public Schools. On May 29, 2018, MLS announced that Cincinnati had won an expansion team, to begin play in 2019 at Nippert Stadium. A groundbreaking ceremony was held on December 18, 2018, and the stadium officially opened for the 2021 season at a total cost of $250 million.

Planning

Background

FC Cincinnati was founded in 2015 and played its first three seasons in the second-division United Soccer League (since renamed the USL Championship) at Nippert Stadium, a college football venue. After a successful first season in which the team's home games averaged 17,296 attendees, the club's ownership group began negotiations with Major League Soccer to bid for an expansion franchise.[6] Cincinnati formally submitted its expansion bid in January 2017, including a shortlist of locations for a potential stadium to meet the bid's requirement for a soccer-specific venue.[7]

FC Cincinnati's management first suggested the possibility of building a new stadium in late November 2016, when the club hosted MLS commissioner Don Garber for a day-long visit. During a town hall meeting held with club supporters that day, Garber suggested that Nippert was not a long-term solution for the team. Club president Jeff Berding said during the meeting that the club had recently begun to look for NaNacres sites in or near the "urban core" of Cincinnati.[8] [9]

Location decision and negotiations

FC Cincinnati narrowed the list of locations for a potential stadium to a shortlist of three sites in May 2017: the football stadium used by Taft High School in the West End neighborhood; the former Milacron factory in Oakley on Interstate 71; and a riverfront site in Newport, Kentucky.[10] The club unveiled preliminary designs for a stadium in June 2017, outlining plans for a horseshoe-shaped stadium with a continuous roof and capacity for 25,000 to 30,000 people. It was designed by Dan Meis, who envisioned steep terraced seating and homages to Allianz Arena in Munich, including the use of LED lights and a translucent ETFE roof, for use at the three shortlist sites.[11] [12] [13]

In November 2017, the Cincinnati City Council passed legislation that would fund infrastructure improvements and a parking garage at the stadium, should a location within the city be chosen. The Oakley site was named as the leading candidate and formed the basis of the city council's infrastructure legislation.[14] FC Cincinnati presented its bid to MLS in December, including a stadium at the Oakley site,[15] but the Nashville bid was chosen instead for a 2020 expansion.[16] [17]

The club signed an option contract with the Cincinnati Metropolitan Housing Authority to acquire land in the West End neighborhood in January 2018, signalling their intent to choose the site.[18] The following month, FC Cincinnati revealed plans to perform a land swap with Cincinnati Public Schools to acquire Stargel Stadium on the campus of Taft High School, with a new high school stadium being built nearby.[19] The land swap would require the approval of the Cincinnati Public School's board of directors, who declined to accept the club's offer because of tax abatement rules, which would require an additional $20 million in taxes to be paid by FC Cincinnati. In response, FC Cincinnati announced in March that it would remove the West End site from consideration and focus on the remaining two sites, which had the support of their respective county governments.[20] [21] By early April, however, the club had announced that the Oakley and Newport sites were out of contention, due to the remoteness of the Oakley site and a landowner dispute in Newport, and that FC Cincinnati would restart negotiations for the West End site.[22] [23]

The school board received an offer from the club to pay $25 million and build a new $10 million high school stadium and unanimously approved the land swap on April 10.[24] The club signed a community benefits agreement with the West End Neighborhood Council, despite opposition from a majority of the council, but the proposal was amended and agreed to by a majority of the council weeks later.[25] [26] On April 16, the city council voted 5–4 for an ordinance that would fund $40 million in infrastructure improvements to support the stadium project.[27] A second city council vote on May 16 approved the community benefits agreement and was the final city action needed before a decision by MLS.[28] The league awarded the expansion franchise in an announcement on May 29.[29] [30]

The construction of a new $200 million stadium with public money remained controversial, culminating in the formation of a citizens' group in 2017 to push Nippert Stadium as the permanent home of Cincinnati's MLS team.[31] FC Cincinnati ruled out the use of Nippert Stadium due to the stadium's outdated design that would present construction challenges.[32] During the final negotiations for the West End site, a separate group proposed that the community benefits agreement be decided in a public referendum, but were rejected on the grounds that the city council used an emergency ordinance to approve the stadium deal.[33]

Design revisions and criticism

Under a preliminary design schematic released in May 2018, the stadium would have 21,080 seats, with 16,610 general admission seats and 3,970 premium seats. An additional 7,000 seats would be added by filling in two of the corners and ends.[34] However, in June 2018, the club said that they were essentially "starting over" on designing the stadium.[35] Club president Jeff Berding said that he expected the capacity to be somewhere between 21,000 and 30,000 spectators, depending on what the club could afford.[36]

In October 2018, FC Cincinnati released new design concept images of the West End Stadium for the first time since the stadium site had been finalized. As in previous designs, the roof and exterior facades would be made of ETFE foil, a translucent material upon which colors and designs may be projected. The stadium was now expected to hold between 25,500 and 26,500 attendees, which would make it one of the largest soccer-specific stadiums in North America.[37] The dimensions of the stadium were also announced with new precision; the club shared draft images showing the precise footprint of the stadium within its land plot, and declared that the stadium's maximum height would be less than 120feet.[38]

In response to criticism from West End residents, the stadium design was revised again in February 2019. The roof's orange color was replaced, and the 428-stall parking garage was relocated to the intersection of Central Parkway and Wade Street. Plans for 100000square feet in additional residential and commercial development along Central Parkway were scrapped in favor of opening the street with a pedestrian plaza. The stadium's design was also constrained by a Duke Energy transmission line that is buried underneath the site.[39] The city government subsequently approved an additional land sale for the stadium during the same month, for a police parking lot that would grant the city $8 million in revenue.[40] The club also contracted a consulting firm to determine the stadium's impact to the nearby Cincinnati Music Hall, including tests with blank cartridges from a shotgun, and concluded that the stadium noise would interfere with musical performances.[41]

MEIS Architects was removed as the head architecture firm from the project by FC Cincinnati and replaced by Populous, a Kansas City-based company responsible for several MLS venues. The new design revision, announced in March 2019, restored a reduced version of the orange lighting on the roof and exterior and expanded the canopy to cover the entire seating area.[42] [43] A grand staircase would connect the stadium's concourse with Central Parkway, while the exterior walls were redesigned to resemble a series of "ribbons" that wrap around the outer bowl.[44] The club also acquired several additional properties in April 2019 along Wade Street to build a larger parking structure.[45] A zoning change to support commercial development on the Wade Street site drew criticism due to the potential displacement of at least 17 residents from the existing apartment buildings on the property.[46] [47]

In July 2019, Populous and FC Cincinnati unveiled a new design for the West End Stadium that replaced the exterior lighting and ETFE facade with vertical "fins" that individually light up to create special effects and animations. There were to be 513 fins, a homage to Cincinnati's 513 area code, each NaNinches wide and 18inches deep, but the number was later reduced to 387 (of which 287 are lit).[48] [49] The club's proposal to extend the lighting scheme to include advertisements and other promotions was opposed by the Over-the-Rhine Community Council, who also criticized the permitting of year-round lighting.[50] The final seating capacity will be 26,000 spectators, including 59 suites and a premium club area with 4,500 seats. The stadium will include 3,100 seats in a safe standing terrace that will replace The Bailey.[51] [52] The patterns and colors of the seating area, featuring navy blue seats and "Gary" the winged lion from the club crest in orange, were chosen from four options by a public poll in May 2020.[53] [54]

Funding

The stadium cost $250 million to construct,[51] with the majority of funding coming from FC Cincinnati and its ownership group. The club also funded $6.2 million in West End improvements and $10 million for a new high school football stadium, in addition to $25 million to Cincinnati Public Schools as part of the land use agreement. Infrastructure improvements around the stadium will be paid for using $34 million in city funds from a local tax increment financing district and $19 million from Hamilton County and the State of Ohio.[55] [56] [57] In June 2018, the club named U.S. Bank as the financial partner for the project.

Naming rights

On June 22, 2020, FC Cincinnati filed suit against Premier Partnerships, a company they had contracted to broker a naming rights deal, alleging negligence amid a push to make a deal with a prospective sponsor on terms that were against MLS rules or financially infeasible for the team. The lawsuit did not mention the prospective sponsor by name, but The Cincinnati Enquirer reported that documents attached to the suit mentioned Mercy Health, the team's jersey sponsor.[58]

On April 21, 2021, Total Quality Logistics (TQL) was named as the naming rights sponsor of the stadium by FC Cincinnati, having come to a long-term agreement with the club.[59]

Construction

TQL Stadium was designed by Populous, MEIS Architects, and Elevar Design Group.[42] Turner Construction was the general contractor, working alongside Jostin Construction, and employed 200 to 400 workers during construction.[60] Machete Group oversaw the project as the owner's representative.[61] The project began major construction in 2019, after the new Stargel Stadium was completed at a nearby location.[37] [62]

The original Stargel Stadium closed permanently on October 26, 2018, and demolition began the following month while the property was transferred from Cincinnati Public Schools to the club for $10 million.[63] The new Stargel Stadium was built southwest of Taft High School and opened in September 2019 for the fall sports season after a month-long construction delay.[64] [65] A ceremonial groundbreaking for the TQL Stadium took place on December 18, 2018, attended by league commissioner Don Garber and local elected officials.[66] Construction was scheduled to begin after demolition of the original Stargel Stadium was completed in January 2019.[67] Foundation pouring was expected to begin in March, followed by structural erection in May.[67] However, these dates were later pushed back to July and November respectively.[68]

The first roof trusses were installed in May 2020, with work continuing during the COVID-19 pandemic.[69] Work was halted in early August due to two "racist incidents" involving subcontractors at the stadium site, resulting in mandatory anti-bias training for workers.[70] The exterior's structural elements, including the roof and canopy, were topped out in July 2020 with the installation of the final steel beam.[71] The north scoreboard is the largest to be used in a soccer-specific stadium, measuring 150feet in width.[72] The stadium's hybrid grass pitch and its grow lights were installed in January 2021, using grass harvested from a supplier in Brookville, Indiana.[73] The exterior, signage, and interiors were finished in early 2021.[67] [68] TQL Stadium opened with a ribbon-cutting ceremony on May 1, 2021, and hosted its first regular season match on May 16, between FC Cincinnati and Inter Miami CF.[74] [75]

TQL Stadium was named Best Venue of 2022 by The World Football Summit.[76]

Transportation

The stadium is located along Central Parkway, which splits the West End and Over-the-Rhine neighborhoods just northwest of Downtown Cincinnati, between John and Wade streets.[77] [78] The area is currently served by SORTA buses and is two blocks from a Connector streetcar stop.[56]

During matchdays, several nearby streets are temporarily closed to vehicular traffic to create a pedestrian promenade, subject to city approval.[63] [79] The club has four designated parking areas for fans with season parking passes, as well as several nearby lots with paid rates.[80] The Hamilton County government originally planned to build a 1,000-stall garage to serve TQL Stadium,[66] but later modified its agreement with FC Cincinnati to split the project into two garages, including one that would also serve Findlay Market.[81] The 515-stall garage at Findlay Market is planned to open in 2023 and cost an estimated $18 million.[82] [83]

Soccer

International men's matches

DateHomeResultAwayTournamentSpectators
November 12, 20212–026,000
June 1, 20223–0Friendly 24,002
July 9, 2023 0–124,979
2–2
(3–2 pen.)
September 10, 2024Friendly

International women's matches

DateHomeResultAwayTournamentSpectators
September 21, 20218–0Friendly22,515[84]
September 21, 20233–0Friendly22,016

Other events

TQL Stadium hosted English rock band The Who on May 15, 2022, as a part of the band's "The Who Hits Back" Tour. It was the band's first concert in the city since the disaster at one of their shows in 1979.[85] The event was the first concert held at the stadium and drew 16,988 spectators.[86] [87]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: West End.
  2. Web site: fccincinnati . New surface at TQL Stadium brings change, but also (hopefully) a more dynamic and healthier grass for FC Cincinnati FC Cincinnati . 2024-07-06 . fccincinnati . en.
  3. Web site: FC Cincinnati TQL Stadium Projects Turner Construction Company . 2024-07-06 . www.turnerconstruction.com . en.
  4. Web site: FC Cincinnati TQL Stadium Projects Turner Construction Company . 2024-07-06 . www.turnerconstruction.com . en.
  5. Web site: Chapley . Carter . July 5, 2024 . New surface at TQL Stadium brings change, but also (hopefully) a more dynamic and healthier grass for FC Cincinnati . FCCincinnati.com.
  6. News: April 23, 2016 . FC Cincinnati 'in talks' with Major League Soccer, but no solid plan in the works . . May 29, 2018.
  7. News: Brennan . Patrick . January 31, 2017 . FC Cincinnati submits expansion bid to MLS . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  8. Web site: FC Cincinnati looking at long-term stadium plans with eye on MLS . Pfahler . Laurel . November 30, 2016 . WCPO . May 29, 2018.
  9. News: April 6, 2018 . Key dates in FC Cincinnati's lurching effort to get a stadium approved . . May 29, 2018.
  10. News: Williams . Jason . Brennan . Patrick . May 24, 2017 . Here's where FC Cincinnati is looking to build new stadium . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  11. Web site: FC Cincinnati unveils stadium design, emphasizes Newport at OTR event . Brennan . Patrick . June 12, 2017 . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  12. News: Chiles . Richard . June 29, 2017 . 3 communities vying for FC Cincinnati 25,000-seat stadium . . May 29, 2018.
  13. News: Pfahler . Laurel . June 12, 2017 . This is what FC Cincinnati hopes to build . WCPO . May 29, 2018.
  14. News: Knight . Cameron . Wartman . Scott . Coolidge . Sharon . November 29, 2017 . 'Goal!': City, county clear way for FC Cincinnati's MLS bid . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  15. News: Pfahler . Laurel . December 5, 2017 . FC Cincinnati set to make final expansion pitch to MLS . . June 6, 2018.
  16. Straus . Brian . December 19, 2017 . MLS Announces Nashville as Next Expansion City . . June 6, 2018.
  17. News: Brennan . Patrick . Coolidge . Sharon . December 19, 2017 . Where does Major League Soccer go after Nashville? FC Cincinnati still in hunt. . The Cincinnati Enquirer . June 6, 2018.
  18. News: Coolidge . Sharon . Sparling . Hannah . January 22, 2018 . Stadium clue? FC Cincinnati signs option on land in the West End . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  19. News: Coolidge . Sharon . February 12, 2018 . FC Cincinnati wants to move Stargel for Major League Soccer stadium; school board mum . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  20. News: Knight . Cameron . Sparling . Hannah . March 16, 2018 . FC Cincinnati shuts down West End stadium plans, moving to Oakley or Newport . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  21. News: Knight . Cameron . March 19, 2018 . FC Cincinnati: How sites in Newport and Oakley stack up for a new soccer stadium . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  22. News: Knight . Cameron . April 5, 2018 . FC Cincinnati wants 'winning partnership' for stadium in West End . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  23. News: Wartman . Scott . April 9, 2018 . For FC Cincinnati, why not Newport? Developer says condos, retail, restaurants fit better . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  24. News: Knight . Cameron . April 10, 2018 . FC Cincinnati land swap OK'd by Cincinnati's school board amid shouts of opposition . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  25. News: Knight . Cameron . April 17, 2018 . 'We need to tear this up and start all over again': West End fights over stadium deal . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  26. News: Knight . Cameron . May 22, 2018 . So what's in FC Cincinnati's community benefits agreement with the West End? . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  27. News: Knight . Cameron . Sparling . Hannah . April 16, 2018 . FC Cincinnati: City Council OKs deal for West End stadium by 5–4 vote . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  28. News: Knight . Cameron . May 16, 2018 . Team, neighbors agree to benefit pact, then City Council gives its approval . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  29. May 29, 2018 . Cincinnati awarded MLS expansion club, will start play in 2019 . . May 29, 2018.
  30. News: Brennan . Patrick . May 29, 2018 . It's official: FC Cincinnati has joined MLS, will begin play in 2019 . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  31. News: Fast . Austin . August 16, 2017 . Citizen group calls upon MLS to accept Nippert Stadium instead of forcing new taxpayer-funded venue . WCPO . May 29, 2018.
  32. News: Driehaus . Bob . Monk . Dan . June 30, 2017 . Why not Nippert? FC Cincinnati GM calls UC football stadium an 'implausible' option for MLS . WCPO . May 29, 2018.
  33. News: Knight . Cameron . May 11, 2018 . FC Cincinnati stadium on the ballot? City says 'no' . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  34. News: Wartman . Scott . Knight . Cameron . April 24, 2018 . Schematics show seat details, lay of the land for West End FC Cincinnati stadium . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  35. Web site: FC Cincinnati says it's 'starting over' with design for its Major League Soccer stadium . Pfahler . Laurel . June 29, 2018 . . August 12, 2018.
  36. Web site: Maximum capacity versus ticket scarcity: The debate to determine FC Cincinnati's West End stadium capacity . Brennan . Patrick . June 29, 2018 . The Cincinnati Enquirer . Gannett Company . August 12, 2018.
  37. News: Brennan . Patrick . October 9, 2018 . FC Cincinnati reveals initial designs for West End stadium . The Cincinnati Enquirer . October 10, 2018.
  38. FCC Communications . October 9, 2018 . FC Cincinnati Releases Initial Concept Designs for West End Stadium . FC Cincinnati . October 9, 2018.
  39. News: Wetterich . Chris . February 6, 2019 . FC Cincinnati scuttles orange roof, scales back other development around stadium . Cincinnati Business Journal . February 6, 2019.
  40. News: Coolidge . Sharon . February 6, 2019 . City strikes deal to sell FC Cincinnati land for West End stadium . The Cincinnati Enquirer . February 6, 2019.
  41. News: Coolidge . Sharon . February 5, 2019 . Acoustics test: FC Cincinnati noise will impact Music Hall performances . The Cincinnati Enquirer . February 6, 2019.
  42. News: Coolidge . Sharon . Brennan . Patrick . March 28, 2019 . That FC Cincinnati stadium orange glow is a go – but with a new architect . The Cincinnati Enquirer . March 29, 2019.
  43. News: Coolidge . Sharon . April 3, 2019 . New renderings: FC Cincinnati stadium will have a canopy over every seat; will glow less . The Cincinnati Enquirer . April 3, 2019.
  44. News: Coolidge . Sharon . April 23, 2019 . See the 'grand staircase' into the FC Cincinnati stadium and other new pictures . The Cincinnati Enquirer . April 23, 2019.
  45. News: Coolidge . Sharon . April 15, 2019 . Sold! FC Cincinnati plans to scoop up Jehovah's Witnesses property as stadium site grows . The Cincinnati Enquirer . April 22, 2019.
  46. News: Coolidge . Sharon . April 21, 2019 . Nowhere to go: Displacement a reality for at least 17 people near the FC Cincinnati stadium . The Cincinnati Enquirer . April 22, 2019.
  47. News: Millward . Evan . April 22, 2019 . FC Cincinnati stadium re-zoning has some West End residents concerned about losing homes . WCPO . April 22, 2019.
  48. News: Sayer . Jason . July 19, 2019 . FC Cincinnati's stadium redesign will be wrapped in 513 glowing fins . . June 22, 2020.
  49. News: Brennan . Pat . Coolidge . Sharon . March 19, 2021 . FC Cincinnati lights up West End Stadium: 5 things to know . The Cincinnati Enquirer . March 20, 2021.
  50. News: Bentley . Quinlan . August 10, 2020 . OTR residents push back over FC Cincinnati Stadium exterior lighting . Cincinnati Business Courier . subscription . August 17, 2020.
  51. News: May 27, 2020 . Final West End Stadium seat design unveiled . FC Cincinnati . July 17, 2020.
  52. News: Hager . Sarah . Schupp . Kim . July 14, 2019 . FC Cincinnati's new architect behind West End Stadium unveils new design . Fox 19 . July 16, 2019.
  53. News: Sigal . Jonathan . May 18, 2020 . Cast your vote: FC Cincinnati fans can pick bowl design at West End Stadium . MLSsoccer.com . May 20, 2020.
  54. News: Sigal . Jonathan . May 27, 2020 . Results are in: FC Cincinnati supporters pick West End Stadium seat design . MLSsoccer.com . June 4, 2020.
  55. News: Knight . Cameron . April 11, 2018 . City's FC Cincinnati stadium deal includes paying for 750 additional parking spaces . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  56. News: Williams . Jason . May 29, 2018 . PX column: The winners and losers in Cincinnati's Major League Soccer announcement . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2018.
  57. Straus . Brian . April 6, 2018 . Stadium Site Progress Could Push Cincinnati's MLS Expansion Bid to Finish Line . Sports Illustrated . May 29, 2018.
  58. Web site: Coolidge . Sharon . Lawsuit: FC Cincinnati stadium should have naming rights sponsor by now . The Cincinnati Enquirer . June 22, 2020 . en . June 22, 2020.
  59. Web site: Coolidge . Sharon . April 21, 2021 . FC Cincinnati's new home in the West End has a name: TQL Stadium . The Cincinnati Enquirer . April 21, 2021.
  60. News: Knight . Cameron . October 19, 2018 . FC Cincinnati stadium will break ground Dec. 19, open March 2021 . The Cincinnati Enquirer . October 25, 2018.
  61. News: Demeropolis . Tom . June 29, 2018 . FC Cincinnati names construction, design team for stadium . Cincinnati Business Courier . June 29, 2018.
  62. News: Hatch . Charlie . June 29, 2018 . FC Cincinnati announces timeline for West End stadium, to unveil new design . The Cincinnati Enquirer . June 29, 2018.
  63. News: LaFleur . Pat . November 28, 2018 . FC Cincinnati stadium plans call for game-day pedestrian zone on Central Parkway . WCPO . December 17, 2018.
  64. News: Springer . Scott . September 11, 2019 . CPS: Stargel Stadium will be ready for football Friday for Taft vs. Withrow . The Cincinnati Enquirer . March 28, 2020.
  65. News: Brown . Ken . September 13, 2019 . New Stargel Stadium plays host to first football game . . March 28, 2020.
  66. News: Coolidge . Sharon . December 18, 2018 . FC Cincinnati stadium breaks ground, but fights ahead of parking, promises . The Cincinnati Enquirer . December 17, 2018.
  67. News: Knight . Cameron . December 17, 2018 . FC Cincinnati stadium groundbreaking: Six questions about the stadium answered . The Cincinnati Enquirer . December 17, 2018.
  68. Web site: Stadium Facts . West End Stadium . FC Cincinnati . August 15, 2019.
  69. News: Brennan . Pat . May 15, 2020 . Jeff Berding talks FC Cincinnati stadium, club seating, head-coaching search in West End . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 20, 2020.
  70. News: Knight . Cameron . August 4, 2020 . Racist incidents stop work on FC Cincinnati stadium . The Cincinnati Enquirer . August 4, 2020.
  71. News: Demeropolis . Tom . July 13, 2020 . Take a look at progress on FC Cincinnati's $250M stadium . Cincinnati Business Courier . March 20, 2021.
  72. News: Schell . Mike . Goffinet . Jared . September 14, 2020 . West End Stadium construction on schedule for Spring opening, FCC says . FOX 19 News . March 20, 2021.
  73. News: Brennan . Pat . January 6, 2021 . West End stadium's latest milestone features advanced grass playing surface . The Cincinnati Enquirer . January 6, 2021.
  74. News: Coolidge . Sharon . May 1, 2021 . FC Cincinnati's TQL Stadium opens to fanfare, praise for West End neighborhood . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 1, 2021.
  75. News: Brennan . Pat . March 10, 2021 . Here's the date, opponent for FC Cincinnati opening West End Stadium . The Cincinnati Enquirer . March 10, 2021.
  76. Web site: TQL Stadium wins Global "Best Venue" Award . FC Cincinnati . October 4, 2022.
  77. News: Fast . Austin . April 24, 2018 . Here's how FC Cincinnati stadium might fit into the West End . WCPO . May 30, 2018.
  78. News: Demeropolis . Tom . February 12, 2018 . Here's how FC Cincinnati stadium could fit in West End . Cincinnati Business Journal . May 29, 2018.
  79. News: February 23, 2023 . FCC TQL Stadium Gameday Traffic Road Closures . City of Cincinnati . April 11, 2023.
  80. Web site: Parking . FC Cincinnati . April 11, 2023.
  81. News: Wartman . Scott . Coolidge . Sharon . December 19, 2019 . You get a garage! And you get a garage! No more fighting: Parking garages for both FC Cincinnati and Findlay Market . The Cincinnati Enquirer . subscription . https://archive.today/20230412042156/https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/politics/2019/12/19/hamilton-county-readying-build-parking-garage-fc-cincinnati-findlay-market/4312053002/ . April 12, 2023 . April 11, 2023.
  82. News: Wetterich . Chris . May 12, 2022 . Findlay Market garage is a go after Over-the-Rhine Foundation drops challenge . Cincinnati Business Journal . April 11, 2023.
  83. Web site: Findlay Market Garage in Over-the-Rhine . City of Cincinnati . April 11, 2023.
  84. Web site: ROSE LAVELLE SHINES IN DYNAMIC HOMETOWN PERFORMANCE AS THE U.S. WOMEN'S NATIONAL TEAM DEFEATS PARAGUAY 8–0 . ussoccer.com . September 22, 2021.
  85. Web site: The Who – TQL Stadium. tqlstadium.com . February 7, 2022.
  86. News: Watkins . Steve . February 7, 2022 . The Who returning to Cincinnati for first concert since '79 tragedy . Cincinnati Business Courier . February 7, 2022.
  87. News: Varias . Chris . May 16, 2022 . 'It's so lovely to be here': The Who remembers 1979 tragedy, while rocking Cincinnati show . The Cincinnati Enquirer . May 29, 2022.