West Amwell Township, New Jersey Explained

West Amwell Township, New Jersey
Settlement Type:Township
Mapsize:250x200px
Image Map1:Census_Bureau_map_of_West_Amwell_Township,_New_Jersey.png
Mapsize1:250x200px
Map Caption1:Census Bureau map of West Amwell Township, New Jersey
Pushpin Map:USA New Jersey Hunterdon County#USA New Jersey#USA
Pushpin Label:West Amwell Township
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Hunterdon County##Location in New Jersey##Location in the United States
Pushpin Relief:yes
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2: Hunterdon
Government Type:Township
Governing Body:Township Committee
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Gary Hoyer (R, term ends December 31, 2023)[1]
Leader Title1:Municipal clerk
Leader Name1:Maria Andrews[2]
Established Title:Incorporated
Established Date:April 6, 1846
Named For:Amwell Township / Great and Little Amwell, Hertfordshire
Unit Pref:Imperial
Area Footnotes:[3]
Area Total Km2:56.58
Area Land Km2:56.07
Area Water Km2:0.51
Area Total Sq Mi:21.84
Area Land Sq Mi:21.65
Area Water Sq Mi:0.20
Area Water Percent:0.90
Area Rank:129th of 565 in state
12th of 26 in county
Population As Of:2020
Population Total:3005
Population Rank:449th of 565 in state
17th of 26 in county[4]
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Density Sq Mi:138.8
Population Density Rank:525th of 565 in state
23rd of 26 in county
Population Est:3020
Pop Est As Of:2023
Timezone:Eastern (EST)
Utc Offset:−05:00
Timezone Dst:Eastern (EDT)
Utc Offset Dst:−04:00
Elevation Footnotes:[5]
Elevation Ft:315
Coordinates Footnotes:[6]
Coordinates:40.3791°N -74.8877°W
Postal Code Type:ZIP Code
Postal Code:08530 – Lambertville[7]
Area Code:609[8]
Blank Name:FIPS code
Blank Info:3401978230[9] [10]
Blank1 Name:GNIS feature ID
Blank1 Info:0882181[11]

West Amwell Township is a township in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 3,005, a decrease of 835 (−21.7%) from the 2010 census count of 3,840, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,457 (+61.1%) from the 2,383 counted in the 2000 census.[12]

West Amwell was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 6, 1846, when Amwell Township was split, also creating East Amwell Township at the same time. Portions of the township were taken to form Lambertville town on March 1, 1849.[13] In 1896, the township annexed portions of Delaware Township, East Amwell Township and Raritan Township.[14] The township was named for Amwell Township, which in turn was named for Great Amwell/Little Amwell, Hertfordshire in England.[15]

History

The earliest settlers of the area were the Delaware Native Americans, who had a path through the woods from Lambertville through Mount Airy, Ringoes and Reaville to Newark which would later become the route followed by the Old York Road.[16]

In 1935, local farmers signed a declaration against the Potato Control Law, which established federal controls on the growth of the crop, stating "[t]hat we protest against and declare that we will not be bound by the 'Potato Control Law,' an unconstitutional measure recently enacted by the United States Congress. We shall produce on our own land such potatoes as we may wish to produce and will dispose of them in such manner as we may deem proper."[17]

Geography

The northern areas of West Amwell are in Amwell Valley, while the southern sections are in The Sourlands region. The Delaware River separates West Amwell from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 21.84 square miles (56.58 km2), including 21.65 square miles (56.07 km2) of land and 0.20 square miles (0.51 km2) of water (0.90%).[3]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Alexauken, Bowlryville, Bowne, Linvale (historically known as New Market), Mount Airy, Oakdale and Rocktown.[18]

The township borders Delaware Township, East Amwell Township and Lambertville in Hunterdon County; Hopewell Township, in Mercer County; along with New Hope and Solebury Township across the Delaware River in Bucks County in Pennsylvania.[19] [20] [21]

Demographics

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 3,840 people, 1,102 households, and 839 families in the township. The population density was 177.9sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 1,157 housing units at an average density of 53.6sp=usNaNsp=us. The racial makeup was 82.58% (3,171) White, 13.39% (514) Black or African American, 0.05% (2) Native American, 1.46% (56) Asian, 0.05% (2) Pacific Islander, 1.12% (43) from other races, and 1.35% (52) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.84% (186) of the population.

Of the 1,102 households, 30.9% had children under the age of 18; 66.9% were married couples living together; 5.2% had a female householder with no husband present and 23.9% were non-families. Of all households, 19.5% were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.95.

16.5% of the population were under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 155.1 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 165.5 males.

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $101,094 (with a margin of error of +/− $16,403) and the median family income was $115,595 (+/− $19,328). Males had a median income of $86,875 (+/− $26,080) versus $53,438 (+/− $17,350) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $54,485 (+/− $9,741). About 4.2% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 4.9% of those age 65 or over.[22]

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States census there were 2,383 people, 949 households, and 696 families residing in the township. The population density was 109.7sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 984 housing units at an average density of 45.3sp=usNaNsp=us. The racial makeup of the township was 98.07% White, 0.63% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.71% Asian, 0.04% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.71% of the population.[23] [24]

There were 949 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.3% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.93.[23] [24]

In the township, the population was spread out, with 21.1% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 32.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.2 males.[23] [24]

The median income for a household in the township was $73,380, and the median income for a family was $79,605. Males had a median income of $49,539 versus $33,333 for females. The per capita income for the township was $33,877. About 0.6% of families and 1.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 1.2% of those age 65 or over.[23] [24]

Government

Local government

West Amwell Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state.[25] The governing body is comprised of a three-member Township Committee, whose members are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one seat coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle.[26] [27] At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor for terms of one year.

, members of the West Amwell Township Committee are Mayor Gary Hoyer (R, term on committee ends December 31, 2024; term as mayor ends 2023), Deputy Mayor Stephen Bergenfeld (R, term on committee ends 2024; term as deputy mayor ends 2023), James Cally (R, 2025), John C. Dale (R, 2023) and Megan Hudson (D, 2025).[28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]

After voters passed a non-binding referendum in November 2014 supporting the expansion of the Township Committee from three to five members, the Township Committee addressed the process of following through with the expansion, which would involve gathering petitions of 147 voters after which the committee could approve the expansion or a referendum could be put on the ballot.[35] In February 2016, the Township Committee voted to approve the expansion by ordinance.[36]

Federal, state and county representation

West Amwell Township is located in the 7th Congressional District[37] and is part of New Jersey's 15th state legislative district.[38] [39] [40]

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 2,071 registered voters in West Amwell Township, of which 498 (24.0%) were registered as Democrats, 830 (40.1%) were registered as Republicans and 741 (35.8%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 2 voters registered as either Libertarians or Greens.[41]

In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 52.3% of the vote (827 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 46.4% (733 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (20 votes), among the 1,587 ballots cast by the township's 2,178 registered voters (7 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 72.9%.[42] [43] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 50.8% of the vote (878 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 47.1% (814 votes) and other candidates with 1.4% (24 votes), among the 1,730 ballots cast by the township's 2,101 registered voters, for a turnout of 82.3%.[44] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 55.6% of the vote (899 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 43.2% (698 votes) and other candidates with 1.1% (22 votes), among the 1,616 ballots cast by the township's 1,940 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 83.3.[45]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 70.9% of the vote (675 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 26.2% (249 votes), and other candidates with 2.9% (28 votes), among the 979 ballots cast by the township's 2,149 registered voters (27 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 45.6%.[46] [47] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 56.7% of the vote (764 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 34.3% (462 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 6.6% (89 votes) and other candidates with 0.4% (6 votes), among the 1,348 ballots cast by the township's 2,074 registered voters, yielding a 65.0% turnout.[48]

Education

The South Hunterdon Regional School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Lambertville, Stockton and West Amwell Township.[49] Each of the three municipalities had their own school through sixth grade, until the Stockton school was closed after the end of the 2017–18 school year;[50] public school students in seventh through twelfth grades attend a shared high school in Lambertville.[51] As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of three schools, had an enrollment of 925 students and 108.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.6:1.[52] Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[53]) are Lambertville Public School[54] with 225 students in grades Pre-K–6, West Amwell School[55] with 224 students in grades K–6 and South Hunterdon Regional High School[56] with 458 students in grades 7–12.[57] [58]

In a special election held in September 2013, voters from Lambertville, Stockton and West Amwell Township passed referendums to dissolve the South Hunterdon Regional High School District and to combine the three existing school districts from each municipality (Lambertville City School District, Stockton Borough School District and West Amwell Township School District), with majorities in each community passing both ballot items. A single combined regional Pre-K–12 district was created, with property taxes levied under a formula in which 57% is based on property values and 43% on the number of students. The executive county superintendent appointed an interim board of education for the new regional district, which was responsible for implementing the merger.[59]

Eighth grade students from all of Hunterdon County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Hunterdon County Vocational School District, a county-wide vocational school district that offers career and technical education at its campuses in Raritan Township and at programs sited at local high schools, with no tuition charged to students for attendance.[60]

Historic district

The Pleasant Valley Historic District is a 1565acres historic district located along Pleasant Valley Road, Valley Road, Woodens Lane and Hunter Road in the community of Pleasant Valley in Hopewell Township in Mercer County that extends into West Amwell Township. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 14, 1991, for its significance in agriculture, architecture, and exploration/settlement. It includes 52 contributing buildings, 7 contributing structures, and 22 contributing sites.

Central to the district is the Howell Living History Farm, which is a 130acres living open-air museum located in the Hopewell Township side of the district, just north of Titusville.[61] The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1977, for its significance in agriculture and architecture.[62] The farm was included in the Pleasant Valley Historic District on June 14, 1991.[63] The farm was first created by Joseph Phillips, a blacksmith, who purchased from William Bryant in 1732. By 1800, Henry Phillips, Joseph's son, had enlarged the farm by . The current buildings on the property date to the 19th century, primarily before the American Civil War.[62] The final private owner of the farm was the Howell family, who donated the land to Mercer County in 1974 for use as a museum. The museum shows farm life from the year 1900.[64]

Transportation

Roads and highways

, the township had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Hunterdon County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[65]

Route 29 passes through the southwestern part of the municipality, but without any roads that connect to the heart of the township.[66] Route 31 passes along the eastern border with East Amwell.[67] Route 179[68] and U.S. Route 202[69] pass through around the northwestern part of the municipality. Major county roads that go through the township include County Route 518[70] and County Route 579.[71] The closest interstate highway is Interstate 295 which is outside the township in neighboring Hopewell.[72]

Public transportation

NJ Transit offers bus service to Trenton on the 608 route.[73]

External links

Notes and References

  1. https://www.state.nj.us/dca/home/2023mayors.pdf 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory
  2. https://www.westamwelltwp.org/clerks-office Clerk's Office
  3. https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_cousubs_34.txt 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places
  4. https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/dmograph/est/mcd/density.xlsx Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021
  5. , Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 14, 2013.
  6. https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990
  7. http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=0&city=lambertville&state=NJ Look Up a ZIP Code for Lambertville, NJ
  8. http://www.area-codes.com/search.asp?frmNPA=&frmNXX=&frmState=NJ&frmCity=West%20Amwell&frmCounty=Hunterdon Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for West Amwell, NJ
  9. https://www.census.gov U.S. Census website
  10. https://mcdc.missouri.edu/applications/geocodes/?state=34 Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey
  11. http://geonames.usgs.gov US Board on Geographic Names
  12. https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2010/2010data/table7cm.xls Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010
  13. Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 158. Accessed May 30, 2024.
  14. Honeyman, Abraham Van Doren. Index-analysis of the Statutes of New Jersey, 1896-1909: Together with References to All Acts, and Parts of Acts, in the 'General Statutes' and Pamphlet Laws Expressly Repealed: and the Statutory Crimes of New Jersey During the Same Period, p. 313. New Jersey Law Journal Publishing Company, 1910. Accessed October 25, 2015.
  15. Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 29, 2015.
  16. https://www.westamwelltwp.org/sites/g/files/vyhlif6411/f/uploads/history_of_west_amwell.pdf History
  17. https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,748947,00.html "Potato Control"
  18. http://www.state.nj.us/infobank/localnames.txt Locality Search
  19. https://global.mapit.mysociety.org/area/883385/touches.html Areas touching West Amwell Township
  20. https://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/880/Municipalities Map of County Municipalities
  21. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/gis/maps/polnoroads.pdf New Jersey Municipal Boundaries
  22. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0600000US3401978230 DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for West Amwell township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey
  23. http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/0603401978230.pdf Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for West Amwell township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey
  24. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/0600000US3401978230 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for West Amwell township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey
  25. https://njdatabook.rutgers.edu/sites/njdatabook.rutgers.edu/files/documents/inventory_of_municipal_forms_of_government_in_new_jersey.pdf Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey
  26. 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 103.
  27. https://njdatabook.rutgers.edu/sites/njdatabook.rutgers.edu/files/documents/forms_of_municipal_government_in_new_jersey_9220.pdf#page=7 "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey"
  28. https://www.westamwelltwp.org/township-committee Township Committee
  29. https://www.westamwelltwp.org/sites/g/files/vyhlif6411/f/uploads/1026_certifiedintrobudget_2023_6.pdf#page=12 2023 Municipal Data Sheet
  30. https://co.hunterdon.nj.us/928/Union-Township Township of West Amwell
  31. https://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/DocumentCenter/View/5487/2022-Hunterdon-County-and-Municipal-Officials-Directory-PDF#page=95 2022 County and Municipal Directory
  32. https://co.hunterdon.nj.us/DocumentCenter/View/9118/G2022-Official-SOV-PDF Hunterdon County District Canvass November 8, 2022, General Election
  33. https://co.hunterdon.nj.us/DocumentCenter/View/6226/2021-General-Election-Official-Results-by-Municipality-PDF November 2, 2021 District Report Hunterdon County Official Results
  34. https://co.hunterdon.nj.us/DocumentCenter/View/8592/2020-Official-General-Election-Results-Municipality-PDF November 3, 2020 District Report Hunterdon County Official Results
  35. Tredrea, John. "West Amwell: Petition is next step to expanded Township Committee", The Beacon, February 4, 2015. Accessed February 9, 2015.
  36. http://www.westamwelltwp.org/filestorage/106/599/619/2716/02-17-2016TCm.pdf Council Meeting Minutes for February 17, 2016
  37. https://www.nj.gov/state/elections/assets/pdf/2012-congressional-districts/njcd-2011-plan-components-county-mcd.pdf Plan Components Report
  38. https://www.nj.gov/state/elections/assets/pdf/2011-legislative-districts/towns-districts.pdf Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District
  39. https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5bae63366fd2b2e5b9f87e5e/5d30f0a94a82c66427e564d2_2019_CitizensGuide.pdf 2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government
  40. https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/districts/districtnumbers.asp#15 Districts by Number for 2011-2020
  41. http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2011-hunterdon-co-summary-report.pdf Voter Registration Summary - Hunterdon
  42. Web site: Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Hunterdon County . March 15, 2013 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014 . December 25, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141225181510/http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2012-results/2012-presidential-hunterdon.pdf . live .
  43. Web site: Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Hunterdon County. March 15, 2013 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014.
  44. http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2008-gen-elect-presidential-results-hunterdon.pdf 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Hunterdon County
  45. http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2004-presidential_hunterdon_co_2004.pdf 2004 Presidential Election: Hunterdon County
  46. Web site: Governor - Hunterdon County . January 29, 2014 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014 . September 24, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133339/http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2013-results/2013-general-election-results-governor-hunterdon.pdf . live .
  47. Web site: Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Hunterdon County . January 29, 2014 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014 . September 24, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133309/http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2013-results/2013-general-election-ballotscast-hunterdon.pdf . live .
  48. http://www.njelections.org/election-results/2009-governor_results-hunterdon.pdf 2009 Governor: Hunterdon County
  49. https://www.straussesmay.com/seportal/Public/DistrictPolicy.aspx?policyid=0110&id=f42c4228b7cd43c78ef50e3ed757572f South Hunterdon Regional Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification
  50. Rizzo, Olivia. "Small schools in this rural part of N.J. are under threat", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 28, 2018, updated January 30, 2019. Accessed November 20, 2019. "And next month Stockton Borough Elementary School, part of the South Hunterdon Regional School District, will be closing its doors for good at the end of this school year after nearly 200 years. It has a single, combined fifth and sixth grade class this year, and enrollment has fallen to about 50 students in recent years."
  51. https://www.nj.gov/education/pr/1415/narrative/19/1376/000.html South Hunterdon Regional School District 2015 Report Card Narrative
  52. https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/districtsearch/district_detail.asp?Search=2&details=1&ID2=3400769&DistrictID=3400769 District information for South Hunterdon Regional School District
  53. https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_list.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=3400769 School Data for the South Hunterdon Regional School District
  54. http://lps.shrsd.org/ Lambertville Public School
  55. http://was.shrsd.org/ West Amwell School
  56. http://hs.shrsd.org/ South Hunterdon Regional High School
  57. http://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/pdf/schools/Directory.pdf#page=48 2019-2020 Public School Directory
  58. https://homeroom6.doe.state.nj.us/directory/school/districtid/1376 New Jersey School Directory for the South Hunterdon Regional School District
  59. Tredrea, John. "Lambertville: Schools turn how to make merger work; After historic vote, decisions on buildings, contracts need to be made", The Beacon, October 2, 2013. Accessed October 15, 2013. "Now that the two referendum questions on merging the Stockton, West Amwell, Lambertville and South Hunterdon Regional High School districts into one pre-k to grade 12 district have been overwhelmingly approved, the process of implementing the regionalization can begin."
  60. Heyboer, Kelly. "How to get your kid a seat in one of N.J.'s hardest-to-get-into high schools", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 2017. Accessed November 18, 2019. "Hunterdon County's vo-tech district has three academies for high-achieving students, all operating in partnerships with local high schools.... The academies are open to all students in the county. Students in the 8th grade are required to submit an application, schedule an interview and take a placement exam."
  61. News: Tammy . La Gorce . Time Stands Still on Living History Farm . At the boundary of Mercer and Hunterdon Counties, near the gurgle of the Delaware River and a sprinkling of farm stands selling apple-cider doughnuts, sits the Howell Living History Farm. Here the fields sprawl, the grass is verdant and the whine of weed-whackers has yet to pierce the tranquility of crisp autumn afternoons. That’s because at Howell, a 130acres farm that has been tending to the public’s pastoral needs for more than 20 years, the year is 1900. . . September 30, 2007 . 2008-07-26 . June 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230617192252/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/30/nyregion/nyregionspecial2/30Rhowell.html . live .
  62. Web site: National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Phillips, Joseph, Farm . . New Jersey Historic Sites Staff . June 1976 . June 17, 2023 . July 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230718065801/https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/77000879_text . live . With
  63. Web site: National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Pleasant Valley Historic District . . Constance M. . Greiff . July 11, 1990 . June 17, 2023 . July 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230718054559/https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/91000676_text . live . With
  64. Book: Zatz, Arline . Horsing Around in New Jersey . 2004 . . Howell Living History Farm At this living history farm, a restoration in progress, ... . 0-8135-3334-1 . June 17, 2023 . June 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230617192250/https://books.google.com/books?id=ySeaRMwQP7wC&dq=%22Howell+Living+History+Farm%22&pg=PA137 . live .
  65. http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/mileage_Hunterdon.pdf Hunterdon County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction
  66. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000029__-.pdf#page=7 Route 29 Straight Line Diagram
  67. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000031__-.pdf#page=5 Route 31 Straight Line Diagram
  68. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000179__-.pdf#page=2 Route 179 Straight Line Diagram
  69. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000202__-.pdf U.S. Route 202 Straight Line Diagram
  70. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000518__-.pdf County Route 518 Straight Line Diagram
  71. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000579__-.pdf#page=5 County Route 579 Straight Line Diagram
  72. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/gis/maps/Hunterdon.pdf Hunterdon County Highway Map
  73. https://web.archive.org/web/20100726170652/http://www.njtransit.com/sf/sf_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=BusRoutesHunterdonCountyTo Hunterdon County Bus / Rail Connections