Northwestern University Explained

Northwestern University
Latin Name:Universitas Northwestern
Image Upright:.7
Motto:Latin: Quaecumque sunt vera (Latin)
On seal: Greek, Modern (1453-);: Ὁ Λόγος πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας (Greek)
Mottoeng:"Whatsoever things are true" (Philippians 4:8 AV)
"The Word full of grace and truth"
Endowment:$16.1 billion (2022)[1]
Budget:$2.9 billion (2022) (excluding the health system)
Students:23,410 (Fall 2021)[2]
Faculty:4,018 (Fall 2021)[3]
Undergrad:8,816 (Fall 2021)
Postgrad:14,684 (Fall 2021)
Coordinates:42.0558°N -87.6747°W
Campus:Small city[4]
Free Label:Other campuses
Colors:Purple and white[5]
 
Pushpin Map:USA#Illinois#Chicago
Logo Upright:.9
Free Label2:Newspaper
Free2:The Daily Northwestern

Northwestern University (NU) is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Established in 1851 to serve the historic Northwest Territory, it is the oldest chartered university in Illinois. The university has its main campus along the shores of Lake Michigan in the Chicago metropolitan area.

Chartered by the Illinois General Assembly in 1851, Northwestern was initially affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church but later became non-sectarian. By 1900, the university was the third-largest university in the United States. Northwestern became a founding member of the Big Ten Conference in 1896 and joined the Association of American Universities in 1917.

Northwestern is composed of eleven undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools which includes Kellogg School of Management, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences among others. In addition to the Evanston campus, it has campuses in downtown Chicago, Coral Gables, San Francisco, Doha, and Washington, D.C.

As of 2023, the university had an endowment of $14.1 billion, an annual budget of around $2.9 billion,[6] [7] and research funding of over $1 billion.[8] The university fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams, the Northwestern Wildcats, which compete in the NCAA Division I in the Big Ten Conference.

As of September 2020, 33 Nobel Prize laureates and 2 Fields Medalists[9] have been affiliated with Northwestern as alumni or faculty. In addition, Northwestern has been associated with 47 Pulitzer Prize winners, 23 National Medal of Science winners, 11 National Humanities Medal recipients, 23 MacArthur Fellows, 20 Rhodes Scholars,[10] and 28 Marshall Scholars. Northwestern alumni also include 10 living billionaires,[11] 2 U.S. Supreme Court Justices,[12] [13] and 25 Olympic medalists.

History

See main article: History of Northwestern University.

Founding and early years

The foundation of Northwestern University can be traced to a meeting on May 31, 1850, of nine prominent Chicago businessmen, Methodist leaders, and attorneys who had formed the idea of establishing a university to serve what had been known from 1787 to 1803 as the Northwest Territory. On January 28, 1851, the Illinois General Assembly granted a charter to the Trustees of the North-Western University, making it the first chartered university in Illinois.[14] The school's nine founders, all of whom were Methodists (three of them ministers), knelt in prayer and worship before launching their first organizational meeting.[15] Although they affiliated the university with the Methodist Episcopal Church, they favored a non-sectarian admissions policy, believing that Northwestern should serve all people in the newly developing territory by bettering the economy in Evanston.[16]

John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, bought of land along Lake Michigan in 1853, and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become the city of Evanston, Illinois. The first building, Old College, opened on November 5, 1855. To raise funds for its construction, Northwestern sold $100 "perpetual scholarships" entitling the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition.[17] Another building, University Hall, was built in 1869 of the same Joliet limestone as the Chicago Water Tower, also built in 1869, one of the few buildings in the heart of Chicago to survive the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.[18]

In 1873 the Evanston College for Ladies merged with Northwestern, and Frances Willard, who later gained fame as a suffragette and as one of the founders of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), became the school's first dean of women (Willard Residential College, built in 1938, honors her name). Northwestern admitted its first female students in 1869, and the first woman graduated in 1874. Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a founding member of the Big Ten Conference. In the 1870s and 1880s, Northwestern affiliated itself with already existing schools of law, medicine, and dentistry in Chicago. The Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law is the oldest law school in Chicago. As the university's enrollments grew, these professional schools were integrated with the undergraduate college in Evanston; the result was a modern research university combining professional, graduate, and undergraduate programs, which gave equal weight to teaching and research.[19]

20th century

By the turn of the century, Northwestern had grown in stature to become the third-largest university in the United States after Harvard University and the University of Michigan.[20] Under Walter Dill Scott's presidency from 1920 to 1939, Northwestern began construction of an integrated campus in Chicago designed by James Gamble Rogers, noted for his design of the Yale University campus, to house the professional schools. In addition, James Gamble Rogers designed a library in accordance with the gothic architectural style on the Evanston campus in order to make use of the $1 million donated to the school after the death of Charles Deering. This library is named in memory of him and its design was inspired by Cambridge University's King's College Chapel. The university also established the Kellogg School of Management and built several prominent buildings on the Evanston campus, including Dyche Stadium, now named Ryan Field, among others. In the 1920s, Northwestern became one of the first six universities in the United States to establish a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC). In 1939, Northwestern hosted the first-ever NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game in the original Patten Gymnasium, which was later demolished and relocated farther north, along with the Dearborn Observatory, to make room for the Technological Institute.After the golden years of the 1920s, the Great Depression in the United States (1929–1941) had a severe impact on the university's finances. Its annual income dropped 25 percent from $4.8 million in 1930–31 to $3.6 million in 1933–34. Investment income shrank, fewer people could pay full tuition, and annual giving from alumni and philanthropists fell from $870,000 in 1932 to a low of $331,000 in 1935. The university responded with two salary cuts of 10 percent each for all employees. It imposed hiring and building freezes and slashed appropriations for maintenance, books, and research. Having had a balanced budget in 1930–31, the university now faced deficits of roughly $100,000 for the next four years. Enrollments fell in most schools, with law and music suffering the biggest declines. However, the movement toward state certification of school teachers prompted Northwestern to start a new graduate program in education, thereby bringing in new students and much-needed income. In June 1933, Robert Maynard Hutchins, president of the University of Chicago, proposed a merger of the two universities, estimating annual savings of $1.7 million. The two presidents were enthusiastic, and the faculty liked the idea; many Northwestern alumni, however, opposed it, fearing the loss of their alma mater and its many traditions that distinguished Northwestern from Chicago. The medical school, for example, was oriented toward training practitioners, and alumni feared it would lose its mission if it were merged into the more research-oriented University of Chicago Medical School.[21] The merger plan was ultimately dropped. In 1935, the Deering family rescued the university budget with an unrestricted gift of $6 million, bringing the budget up to $5.4 million in 1938–39. This allowed many of the previous spending cuts to be restored, including half of the salary reductions.[22] Like other American research universities, Northwestern was transformed by World War II (1939–1945). Regular enrollment fell dramatically, but the school opened high-intensity, short-term programs that trained over 50,000 military personnel, including future president John F. Kennedy. Northwestern's existing NROTC program proved to be a boon to the university as it trained over 36,000 sailors over the course of the war, which led Northwestern to be called the "Annapolis of the Midwest."[23] Franklyn B. Snyder led the university from 1939 to 1949, and after the war, surging enrollments under the G.I. Bill drove the dramatic expansion of both campuses. In 1948, prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution.[24] J. Roscoe Miller's tenure as president from 1949 to 1970 saw an expansion of the Evanston campus, with the construction of the Lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, and polarizing Vietnam-era student protests. In 1978, the first and second Unabomber attacks occurred at Northwestern University.[25] Relations between Evanston and Northwestern became strained throughout much of the post-war era because of episodes of disruptive student activism,[26] disputes over municipal zoning, building codes, and law enforcement,[27] as well as restrictions on the sale of alcohol near campus until 1972.[28] [29] Northwestern's exemption from state and municipal property-tax obligations under its original charter has historically been a source of town-and-gown tension.

Although government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, which led to a revitalization of its campuses. In 1996, Princess Diana visited Northwestern's Evanston and Chicago campuses to raise money for the university hospital's Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at the invitation of then-President Bienen. Her visit raised a total of $1.5 million for cancer research.[30] [31] [32]

21st century

As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen's tenure saw an increase in the number and quality of undergraduate applicants, continued expansion of the facilities and faculty, and renewed athletic competitiveness. In 1999, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information exonerating Illinois death-row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution. The Innocence Project has since exonerated 10 more men.[33] [34] On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, then Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death-row inmates.[35]

In the 2010s, a five-year capital campaign resulted in a new music center, a replacement building for the business school, and a $270 million athletic complex.[36] [37] In 2014, President Barack Obama delivered a seminal economics speech at the Evanston campus.[38] In 2015, Queen Máxima and King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands visited Northwestern to announce research collaborations between Northwestern and several Dutch institutions focused on the study of aging.[39] In 2021, an additional $480 million, the largest donation in the university's history, was donated to Northwestern by the Ryan Family to be applied to research at the Kellogg School of Management and Feinberg School of Medicine, as well as for renovating Ryan Field.[40] In a partnership with Oakton College and the Illinois Department of Corrections in 2023, Northwestern awarded the first bachelors degrees in the United States to a graduating class of prisoners from a top-ranked university.[41]

Campuses

See also: List of Northwestern University buildings and Campus of Northwestern University.

Evanston

Northwestern University's main campus is located in the suburb of Evanston, Illinois, just north of Chicago. The campus spans an area of 240 acres and is characterized by its blend of modern and historic gothic architecture.

Northwestern's Evanston campus, where the undergraduate schools, the Graduate School, and the Kellogg School of Management are located, runs north–south from Lincoln Avenue to Clark Street west of Lake Michigan along Sheridan Road. North Campus is home to the fraternity quads, athletics facilities including the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion and Norris Aquatics Center, the Technological Institute, Dearborn Observatory, the Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan Hall for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center among others. South Campus is home to the university's humanities buildings, music buildings like the Pick-Staiger Concert Hall, the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, and the sorority quads. In the 1960s, the university created an additional for the campus by filling in a portion of Lake Michigan. Buildings located on the resulting Lakefill include University Library, the Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan Center for the Musical Arts, the Regenstein Hall of Music, Norris University Center (the student union), the Kellogg School of Management Global Hub, and various athletics facilities.

The Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train running through Evanston is called the Purple Line, taking its name from Northwestern's school color. The Foster and Davis stations are within walking distance of the southern end of the campus, while the Noyes station is close to the northern end of the campus. The Central station is close to Ryan Field, Northwestern's football stadium. The Evanston Davis Street Metra station serves the Northwestern campus in downtown Evanston and the Evanston Central Street Metra station is near Ryan Field. Pace Suburban Bus Service and the CTA have several bus routes that run through or near the Evanston campus.

Chicago

Northwestern's Chicago campus is located in the city's Streeterville neighborhood near Lake Michigan. The Chicago campus is home to the nationally ranked Northwestern Memorial Hospital, the medical school, the law school, the part-time MBA program, and the School of Professional Studies. Medill's one-year graduate program rents a floor on Wacker Drive, across the river from Streeterville and separate from the rest of the campus. Northwestern's professional schools and a number of its affiliated hospitals are located approximately four blocks east of the Chicago station on the CTA Red Line. The Chicago campus is also served by CTA bus routes.

Founded or affiliated at varying points in the university's history, the professional schools originally were scattered throughout Chicago.[42] In connection with a 1917 master plan for a central Chicago campus and President Walter Dill Scott's capital campaign, of land were purchased at the corner of Chicago Avenue and Lake Shore Drive for $1.5 million in 1920.[42] [43] Architect James Gamble Rogers was commissioned to create a master plan for the principal buildings on the new campus, which he designed in collegiate gothic style. In 1923, Mrs. Montgomery Ward donated $8 million to the campaign to finance the construction of the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building, which would house the medical and dental schools, and create endowments for faculty chairs, research grants, scholarships, and building maintenance.[44] The building would become the first university skyscraper in the United States. In addition to the Ward Building, Rogers designed Wieboldt Hall to house facilities for the School of Commerce[45] and Levy Mayer Hall to house the School of Law.[46] The new campus comprising these three new buildings was dedicated during a two-day ceremony in June 1927. The Chicago campus continued to expand with the addition of Thorne Hall in 1931 and Abbott Hall in 1939.[42] [47] In October 2013, Northwestern began the demolition of the architecturally significant Prentice Women's Hospital. Eric G. Neilson, dean of the medical school, penned an op-ed that equated retaining the building with loss of life.[48]

Education City

See main article: Northwestern University in Qatar. In Fall 2008, Northwestern opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar. Through the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication, NU-Q offers bachelor's degrees in journalism and communications respectively.[49] However, some have questioned whether NU-Q can truly offer a comparable journalism program to that of its U.S. campus given Qatar's instances of censorship and strict limits on journalistic and academic freedoms.[50] [51] The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development, a private charitable institution founded by former emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and his wife and mother of the current emir Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, provided funding for construction and administrative costs, as well as support to hire 50 to 60 faculty and staff, some of whom rotate between the Evanston and Qatar campuses.[52] [53] Northwestern receives roughly $45 million per year to operate the campus.[51] In February 2016, Northwestern reached an agreement with the Qatar Foundation to extend the operations of the NU-Q branch for an additional decade, through the 2027–2028 academic year.[54] [51] [55] [56]

Organization and administration

Governance

Northwestern is privately owned and governed by an appointed Board of Trustees, which is composed of 70 members and,, is chaired by Peter Barris '74.[57] The board delegates its power to an elected president who serves as the chief executive officer of the university.[58] Northwestern has had seventeen presidents in its history (excluding interim presidents). The current president, legal scholar Michael Schill, succeeded Morton O. Schapiro in fall 2022.[59] The president maintains a staff of vice presidents, directors, and other assistants for administrative, financial, faculty, and student matters.[60] Kathleen Haggerty assumed the role of provost for the university on September 1, 2020.[61]

Students are formally involved in the university's administration through the Associated Student Government, elected representatives of the undergraduate students, and the Graduate Student Association, which represents the university's graduate students.[62] [63]

The admission requirements, degree requirements, courses of study, and disciplinary and degree recommendations for each of Northwestern's 12 schools are determined by the voting members of that school's faculty (assistant professor and above).[64]

Endowment

Northwestern maintains an endowment of $16.1 billion, the eighth-largest university endowment among private universities in the United States.[65] The endowment is sustained through donations and is maintained by investment advisers at the university's Investment Office.[66]

Academics

Admissions

Year:2023
Ref:[67]
Change Ref:[68]
Admit Rate:7.2%
Admit Rate Change:-2.02
Yield Rate:56.5%
Yield Rate Change:+7.8
Test Optional:recent
Sat Total:1500–1560
Sat Total Change:+25
Sat Ebrw:730–770
Sat Ebrw Change:+15
Sat Math:760–790
Sat Math Change:+10
Act:33–35
Act Change:+0.5
Top Decile:94.0%
Top Decile Change:+5.0
Top Quarter:98.0%
Top Quarter Change:0.0
Gpa:4.1
Gpa Change:-0.03
Float:right

Northwestern University's admissions are characterized as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report.[69] Northwestern received a record 52,225 applications for its class size of approximately 2,100 students in 2022–2023 academic year. For the Class of 2027, regular decision acceptance rate was approximately 4.6%, while overall acceptance rate remained around 7.0%.[70] For the Class of 2026, the interquartile range (middle 50%) on the post-2016 SAT was a combined (verbal and math) 1500–1560 out of 1600; the interquartile range on the evidence-based reading and writing (EBRW) section of the SAT was 730–770 out of 800 while the interquartile range on the Math section of the SAT was 760–800 out of 800.[71] ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 33 to 35 out of 36, and 96% ranked in the top ten percent of their respective high school classes.[70] [72] [71]

Approximately 35–40% percent of the incoming students of the Class of 2027 have been admitted through the Early Decision application round. Northwestern's early decision admission numbers for the Class of 2027 reveal an early acceptance rate of about 20%, with approximately 1,000 students being admitted out of 5,220 applications.[73]

In April 2016, Northwestern became one of 15 Illinois universities to sign on to the Chicago Star Partnership, a City Colleges initiative aimed at increasing opportunities for students in the city's public school district. Through this partnership, the university provides scholarships to students who "graduate from Chicago Public Schools, get their associate degree from one of the city's community colleges, and then get admitted to a bachelor's degree program."[74]

The university is need-blind for domestic applicants.[75]

Rankings and reputation

Arwu Nu:21
Forbes:18
The Wsj:25
Usnwr Nu:9 (tie)
Wamo Nu:31
Arwu W:33 (tie)
Qs W:50 (tie)
Thes W:28
Usnwr W:24

Northwestern is a large, residential research university.[76]

Education

The university provides instruction in over 200 formal academic concentrations, 124 undergraduate programs, and 145 graduate and professional programs,[77] [78] including various dual degree programs.[79] Although there is no university-wide core curriculum, a foundation in the liberal arts and sciences, sometimes referred as distribution requirements, are required for all majors; individual degree requirements are set by the faculty of each school.[64] The university heavily emphasizes interdisciplinary learning, with 72% of undergrads combining two or more areas of study.[80] Northwestern's full-time undergraduate and graduate programs operate on an approximately 10-week academic quarter system with the academic year beginning in late September and ending in early June. Under the regular academic calendar, each quarter contains a four-day Reading Period in between the end of classes and the beginning of finals.[81] Undergraduates typically take four courses each quarter and twelve courses in an academic year and[82] are required to complete at least twelve quarters on campus to graduate. Northwestern offers honors, accelerated, and joint degree programs in medicine, science, mathematics, engineering, and journalism.[83] The comprehensive doctoral graduate program has high coexistence with undergraduate programs.[76] The most popular and prominent majors at Northwestern in 2021 include communication, journalism, engineering, computer science, mathematics, statistics, biological sciences, physics, and chemistry.[84] [85] It is also prominent in law and medicine. Northwestern is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and the respective national professional organizations for chemistry, psychology, business, education, journalism, music, engineering, law, and medicine.[86] Northwestern conferred 2,190 bachelor's degrees, 3,272 master's degrees, 565 doctoral degrees, and 444 professional degrees in 2012–2013. Since 1951, Northwestern has awarded 520 honorary degrees.[87] [88] Northwestern also has chapters of academic honor societies such as Phi Beta Kappa (Alpha of Illinois), Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi, Eta Sigma Phi (Beta Chapter),[89] Lambda Pi Eta,[90] and Alpha Sigma Lambda (Alpha Chapter).[91]

Northwestern maintains a student-to-faculty ratio of 6:1. 77% of the classes have less than 20 students while 5.5% of the classes have more than 50 students.[84]

Libraries and museums

The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the Main University Library, the Boas Mathematics Library, Mudd Library, and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary.[92] Northwestern Libraries host a total of 8,198,268 printed or electronic volumes.[93] In addition, its libraries contain 229,198 maps, 211,127 audio files, 103,377 printed journals, 196,716 electronic journals, 91,334 movies or videos, 36,989 manuscripts, 4.6 million microforms, and almost 99,000 periodicals.[93] The University Library is the 14th-largest university library in North America based on total number of titles held.

Collections and sections

Among the library's collection and sections are:

Northwestern, along with 15 other universities, participates in digitizing its collections as part of the Google Book Search project.[101] Northwestern University Library is a partner with the Native American Education Services College (NAES), the American Indian Association of Illinois (AIAI), and Northwestern University's Center for Native American and Indigenous Research in the NAES College Digital Library Project, which preserves the NAES College library and archives.[102]

Research and innovations

Research

Northwestern was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1917 and is classified as an R1 university, denoting "very high" research activity.[76] [103] Northwestern's schools of management, engineering, and communication are among the most academically productive in the nation.[104] The university received $923.8 million in research funding and $421 million in NIH funding in 2022 and houses over 90 school-based and 40 university-wide research institutes and centers.[72] [105] [106] Northwestern also supports nearly 1,500 research laboratories across two campuses, predominantly in the medical and biological sciences.[106] Also, Northwestern houses more than 50 University Research Institutes & Centers (URICS), which consists of institutes and initiatives that combine multiple areas of study to pursue research across domains such as quantum information, policy research, bioelectronics, and more.[107] [108] Northwestern is home to the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern Institute for Complex Systems, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, Materials Research Center, Center for Quantum Devices, Institute for Policy Research, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, Buffet Center for International and Comparative Studies, the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern,[109] and the Argonne/Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center among other centers for interdisciplinary research.[110] The university also shares collaborative research efforts with other universities such as the CZ Biohub Chicago with the University of Chicago and University of Illinois.[111]

In addition, Northwestern University cooperates with research institutions such as Argonne National Laboratory and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FermiLab). Proceeding in cooperation with these laboratories, the Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies (CAPST) and the Initiative at Northwestern for Quantum Information Research and Engineering (INQUIRE) have attracted attention in recent years.[112] [113] Northwestern's investment and collaboration areas include particle physics, quantum physics, quantum information technologies, and superconducting technologies.

Innovations and entrepreneurship

In 2013, Northwestern researchers disclosed 247 inventions, filed 270 patent applications, received 81 foreign and US patents, started 12 companies, and generated $79.8 million in licensing revenue. The Innovation and New Ventures Office (INVO) has been involved in creating the Center for Developmental Therapeutics (CDT)[114] and the Center for Device Development (CD2).[115] Northwestern files hundreds of patents each year, ranking among the top 20 universities in the world in terms of U.S. utility patents.[116] One of the university's most successful current patents is pregabalin, a synthesized organic molecule developed at the university by chemistry professor Richard Bruce Silverman (for whom Silverman Hall was named). It was ultimately marketed as Lyrica, a drug sold by Pfizer, to combat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia.

Northwestern has an extensive history of producing prominent businessmen and entrepreneurs. Companies founded by Northwestern alumni include Groupon, The Blackstone Group, Booz Allen Hamilton, U.S. Steel, Kirkland & Ellis, Guggenheim Partners, Accenture, Aon Corporation, and AQR Capital.

The university also runs The Garage, and interdisciplinary innovation and entrepreneurship space and community for student-run startups. The Garage provides students with resources and programming related to entrepreneurship and mentorship.[117] The Garage houses approximately 90 student-founded startups per academic quarter.[118] Its programs and resources are available to all Northwestern students.

Student life

Student body

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
Race and ethnicity[119] Total
White
Asian
Hispanic
Foreign national
Other
Black
Economic diversity
Low-income
Affluent
Northwestern enrolls more than 8000 undergraduate students and more than 8000 graduate students each year, as mentioned on the "About Our Students: Recruit at Northwestern" page on Northwestern's website. The freshman retention rate for that year was 99%.[120] [121] Eighty-six percent of students graduated after four years and 96% graduated after six years.[121] [122] These numbers can largely be attributed to the university's various specialized degree programs, such as those that allow students to earn master's degrees with a one- or two-year extension of their undergraduate program.[121]

The undergraduate population is drawn from all 50 states and over 75 foreign countries. Twenty percent of students in the Class of 2024 were Pell Grant recipients and 12.56% were first-generation college students.[123] Northwestern also enrolls the ninth-most National Merit Scholars of any university in the nation.

In Fall 2014, 40.6% of undergraduate students were enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School of Music, and 6.4% in the School of Education and Social Policy.[124] The five most commonly awarded undergraduate degrees are economics, journalism, communication studies, psychology, and political science.[125] The Kellogg School of Management's MBA, the School of Law's JD, and the Feinberg School of Medicine's MD are the three largest professional degree programs by enrollment.[124] With 2,446 students enrolled in science, engineering, and health fields,[126] the largest graduate programs by enrollment include chemistry, integrated biology, material sciences, electrical and computer engineering, neuroscience, and economics.[127]

Undergraduate housing

See also: List of Northwestern University residences. Northwestern offers both traditional residence halls and residential colleges for students who share a particular intellectual interest. The residential colleges include Ayers College of Commerce and Industry, Chapin Hall (Humanities), East Fairchild (Communications), Hobart House (women's), the Public Affairs Residential College, the Residential College of Cultural and Community Studies, Shepard Residential College (multi-thematic), Slivka Residential College for Science and Engineering, West Fairchild (International Studies), and Willard Residential College (multi-thematic). Residence halls include Allison Hall, Bobb-McCulloch, Elder Hall, Foster-Walker Complex (commonly referred to as Plex), Rogers House, and Shapiro Hall (formerly known as 560 Lincoln) among others.

An estimated 20% of undergraduates are affiliated with a fraternity or sorority.[128] Northwestern recognizes 21 fraternities and 18 sororities.[129]

All incoming undergraduates at Northwestern University are required to live on campus for their first two years.[130]

Traditions

Philanthropy

One of Northwestern's student charity events is Dance Marathon. It has raised over $1 million for charity every year since 2011 and has donated a total of $13 million to children's charities since its conception.[139]

The Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC) is a student-run organization that connects hundreds of student volunteers to community development projects in Evanston and Chicago throughout the year. The group also holds a number of annual community events, including Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration that provides over 800 local children with carnival events and a safe venue to trick-or-treat each year.[140]

Many Northwestern students participate in the Freshman Urban Program, an initiative for students interested in community service to work on addressing social issues facing the city of Chicago,[141] and the university's Global Engagement Studies Institute (GESI) programs, including group service-learning expeditions in Asia, Africa, or Latin America in conjunction with the Foundation for Sustainable Development.[142]

Several international nongovernmental organizations were established at Northwestern, including the World Health Imaging, Informatics and Telemedicine Alliance, a spin-off from an engineering student's honors thesis.[143] [144]

Performing arts

Northwestern is a prolific producer of successful entertainers and a nationally reputed hub for collegiate performing arts. The Student Theatre Coalition, or StuCo, organizes nine student theater companies, multiple performance groups, and over sixty independent productions each year.[145] Productions include The Waa-Mu Show, an original musical written and produced entirely by students,[146] and the Dolphin show. Children's theater is represented on campus by Griffin's Tale and Purple Crayon Players.[147]

Chicago's Lookingglass Theatre Company, which began life in Jones Residential College, was founded in 1988 by several university alumni, including David Schwimmer. It received the Regional Tony Award in 2011 and has won over 45 Joseph Jefferson Awards in its 30 Seasons.[148]

The undergraduate students maintain twelve a cappella groups, including THUNK a cappella, the Northwestern Undertones, Freshman Fifteen A Cappella, ShireiNU A Cappella, and Purple Haze.[149]

Northwestern's performing arts scene also includes Boomshaka, which is the university's drum, dance, and rhythm ensemble.

Media

Print

Web-based

Radio, film, and television

Speech and debate

The Northwestern Debate Society has won fifteen National Debate Tournaments, the highest number of any university. Alumni of the society include Erwin Chemerinsky, legal scholar and Dean of UC Berkeley School of Law, and Elliot Mincberg of People For the American Way.

Northwestern's Mock Trial team had two teams qualify for the 2018 National Championship Tournament hosted by the American Mock Trial Association, making Northwestern one of seven schools in the nation to be represented by multiple teams at the competition.[154] One of the two teams finished 9th in their division and is ranked 20th in the country out of roughly 750 teams for the 2018–2019 season.[155] [156] [157]

Athletics

See main article: Northwestern Wildcats. Northwestern is a charter member of the Big Ten Conference. It was the conference's only private university until 2024's addition of USC and possesses by far the smallest undergraduate enrollment (the next-smallest member, the University of Iowa, is roughly three times as large, with almost 22,000 undergraduates).

Northwestern fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams (8 men's and 11 women's) in addition to numerous club sports.[158] Twelve of Northwestern's varsity programs have had NCAA or bowl postseason appearances. Northwestern is one of five private AAU members to compete in NCAA Power Five conferences (the other four are Duke, Stanford, USC, and Vanderbilt) and maintains a 98% NCAA Graduation Success Rate, the highest among Football Bowl Subdivision schools.

In 2018, the school opened the Walter Athletics Center, a $270 million state-of-the-art lakefront facility for its athletics teams.[159]

Nickname and mascot

Before 1924, Northwestern teams were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists." The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune, who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago, "Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to [Coach Glenn] Thistletwaite's boys."[160] The name was so popular that university board members made "Wildcats" the official nickname just months later. In 1972, the student body voted to change the official nickname to "Purple Haze," but the new name never stuck.[161]

The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. Prior to Willie, the team mascot had been a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw, who was brought to the playing field on game days to greet the fans. After a losing season, the team decided that Furpaw was to blame for its misfortune and decided to select a new mascot. Willie the Wildcat made his debut in 1933, first as a logo and then in three dimensions in 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed as wildcats during a Homecoming Parade.

Football

See main article: Northwestern Wildcats football.

The Northwestern Wildcats football team is a Division I college football team and member of the Big Ten Conference. The team has a history dating back to 1882. They are known as the Wildcats, a nickname given by a Chicago Tribune reporter in 1924 after observing a game where the players displayed a strong and fierce presence, akin to a "wall of purple wildcats."[162]

The team has achieved success, winning three Big Ten championships or co-championships since 1995. Additionally, they have been eligible to participate in bowl games five times between 2015 and 2020. Northwestern takes pride in its academic achievements as well, consistently ranking among the top football teams in graduation rates. They have been honored with the AFCA Academic Achievement Award four times since 2002.[163]

The Wildcats play their home games at Ryan Field, formerly known as Dyche Stadium, a venue they have called home since 1926. Given their close proximity to Chicago and strong connections to the city, Northwestern Football is often recognized as "Chicago's Big Ten Team."[164]

Northwestern's football team has made 73 appearances in the top 10 of the AP poll since 1936 (including 5 at #1) and has won eight Big Ten conference championships since 1903.[165] [166] [167] At one time, Northwestern had the longest losing streak in Division I-A, losing 34 consecutive games between 1979 and 1982.[168] [169] They did not appear in a bowl game after 1949 until the 1996 Rose Bowl. The team did not win a bowl since the 1949 Rose Bowl until the 2013 Gator Bowl. Following the sudden death of football coach Randy Walker in 2006,[170] 31-year-old former All-American Northwestern linebacker Pat Fitzgerald assumed the position, becoming the youngest Division I FBS coach at the time.[171] [172]

In 1882 as a group of Northwestern men played a "football heat" against a group of Lake Forest men. The Wildcats have since achieved an all-time-high rank of No. 1 during the 1936 and 1962 seasons, which has thus far not been duplicated. The team plays home games at Ryan Field in Evanston, Illinois. The Wildcats have participated in a total of 16 bowl games, including appearances in 10 seasons between 2008 and 2020. During the 2016–2018 seasons, they secured victory in three consecutive bowl games. In 2020, the Wildcats claimed the title of Big Ten West Champions and were champions in their bowl game.

Basketball

The Helms Athletic Foundation named the men's basketball team the 1931 National Champion.[173] In 2017, the men's basketball team earned an NCAA berth for the first time in the program's history. They won their first-round matchup against Vanderbilt University but lost to number-one seed Gonzaga in the second round.[174]

In 1998, two former Northwestern basketball players were charged and convicted for sports bribery, having been paid to shave points in games against three other Big Ten schools during the 1995 season.[175] [176] [177] The football team became embroiled in a different betting scandal later that year when federal prosecutors indicted four former players for perjury related to betting on their own games.[178] In August 2001, Rashidi Wheeler, a senior safety, collapsed and died during practice from an asthma attack.[179] [180] An autopsy revealed that he had ephedrine, a stimulant banned by the NCAA, in his system, which prompted Northwestern to investigate the prevalence of stimulants and other banned substances across all of its athletic programs.[181] [182] In 2006, the Northwestern women's soccer team was suspended and coach Jenny Haigh resigned following the release of images of alleged hazing.[183] [184]

Men's Basketball

See main article: Northwestern Wildcats men's basketball. The Wildcats men's basketball team is under the direction of Sullivan-Ubben head men's basketball coach Chris Collins, a role that he has been in since 2013. Collins led the Wildcats to heights never before reached during the 2016–17 season when the program saw a school-record 24 wins and its first NCAA tournament berth and victory in program history. Collins was named as one of four finalists for the Naismith Men's Coach of the Year award in 2017.[185]

The Wildcats single national championship is from 1931, retro-picked by the Helms Athletic Foundation and, later, by the Premo-Porrett Power Poll. Since then, the Wildcats have played in the National Invitation Tournament seven times, most recently in 2012. The men's basketball program was the first to open the renovated Welsh-Ryan Arena[186] on November 2, 2018, in an exhibition game against McKendree. The state-of-the-art facility was built to be the most accessible arena in college athletics and seats 7,039. The team is cheered on by the Wildside student section.

Women's Basketball

See main article: Northwestern Wildcats women's basketball.

In 2017, the Wildcats saw its highest draft pick in program history with Nia Coffey, selected fifth overall by the San Antonio Stars. The first player drafted in program history was Amy Jaeschke in 2011, selected 27th overall by the Chicago Sky.[187]

Fencing

The Northwestern Fencing program competes in the Central Collegiate Conference and has a tenured history of success. Zach Moss is the programs head coach, a role that he has been in since 2016. Following a historic 2017–18 season, Moss was named the Midwest Fencing Conference Coach of the Year as the Wildcats captured their fifth-ever conference championship and finished with three All-Americans at the NCAA Championships. Additionally, the team set the program record for most wins in a season with 47 and the program record for longest win streak at 25. The 2018–19 season saw more milestones for the Wildcats including a 39–5 record, an 11th-place finish at the NCAA Championships, and a second consecutive conference championship. The Wildcats achieved the highest ranking in program history during the season at second in the country and amassed 39 victories at the conference championships.[188]

Field Hockey

See main article: Northwestern Wildcats field hockey.

The Northwestern Field Hockey team plays its home games at Lakeside Field, adjacent to Lanny and Sharon Martin Stadium on the lakefront. The Wildcats are led by head coach Tracey Fuchs, a role that she has been in since 2009. Fuchs has led the Wildcats to two Big Ten titles and three NCAA tournament appearances. Under Fuchs' direction, the Wildcats have posted winning seasons in 10 of her 11 seasons.

The Northwestern Wildcats field hockey team has gathered 6 regular-season Big Ten titles and 1 tournament title in addition to 14 NCAA tournament appearances. In 2021, the team won the NCAA tournament, followed by a championship game appearance in 2022.

Lacrosse

See main article: Northwestern Wildcats women's lacrosse. Northwestern lacrosse has won the national championship in women's lacrosse five straight times, from 2005 to 2009, and then again in 2011 and 2012, giving them seven championships in eight years. In 2007, the team joined Maryland as the only other school to three-peat. The run started in 2005, when the team enjoyed a perfect season and defeated many long-established east-coast schools after only five years as a varsity sport to capture the school's first national championship since 1941. In doing so, it became the westernmost institution to ever win the title. Soon after, the team made national news when members appeared in a White House photo with President Bush wearing thong sandals, or flip-flops, dubbed as the "White House flip-flop flap." The 2009 season also was an undefeated run. In their five consecutive championship seasons, the Wildcats have a 106–3 record. The Wildcats are led by head coach Kelly Amonte-Hiller, a role that she has been in since 2002. Most recently, the Wildcats won their first-ever Big Ten Championship in 2019 and won their first-ever Big Ten regular season championship in 2021.[189] [190] [191]

Wrestling

The Northwestern Wildcats wrestling program hosts home matches in Welsh-Ryan Arena and practices in the Ken Kraft Wrestling Room, located in Anderson Hall. The Wildcats are led by Matt Storniolo, a role that he has been in since 2016. The Wildcats have had 40 Big Ten individual champions in addition to 10 NCAA individual champions and 75-plus All-Americans.[192] [193]

Golf

The men's golf team has won eight Big Ten Conference championships: 1925, 1937, 1939, 1948, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006. They have twice placed second in the NCAA Championships: 1939, 1945. Luke Donald won the NCAA Individual Championship in 1999. He was Big Ten Conference Player of the year in 1999, and David Merkow was named the same in 2006. Donald was ranked number 1 in the Official World Golf Ranking for 56 weeks in 2011 and 2012.

People

Alumni

See main article: List of Northwestern University alumni.

Northwestern alumni have included numerous prominent figures in journalism, government, literature, business, science, performing arts, education, and medicine. Among U.S. universities, Northwestern ranks eighth in the number of billionaires produced.[194]

Some of Northwestern's alumni include U.S. Senator and presidential candidate George McGovern, Nobel Prize-winning economist George J. Stigler, Nobel Prize-winning novelist Saul Bellow, Pulitzer Prize-winning composer and diarist Ned Rorem, decorated composer Howard Hanson, Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey Ali Babacan, historian and novelist Wilma Dykeman, sociologist and adviser of CEPAL Fernando Filgueira, and the founder of the presidential prayer breakfast Abraham Vereide.

U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice John Paul Stevens, Supreme Court Justice and Ambassador to the United Nations Arthur Joseph Goldberg, Chicago Mayor Harold L. Washington, Governor of Illinois and Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson, and former lawyer, Cincinnati mayor, news anchor, and current tabloid talk host Jerry Springer are among the graduates of the Northwestern School of Law.

Northwestern alumni have founded companies and organizations such as the Mayo Clinic, The Blackstone Group, Kirkland & Ellis, U.S. Steel, Guggenheim Partners, Accenture, Aon Corporation, AQR Capital, Booz Allen Hamilton, and Melvin Capital. The number of Northwestern alumni involved in theater, film, and television is also so large that the alumni have been dubbed the "Northwestern mafia."[195] [196]

Faculty

See main article: List of Northwestern University faculty.

The university employs 3,781 faculty members across its eleven schools,[3] including 18 members of the National Academy of Sciences,[197] 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,[198] 19 members of the National Academy of Engineering,[199] and 6 members of the Institute of Medicine.[200] Faculty include 2010 Nobel Prize–winning economist Dale T. Mortensen;[201] nano-scientists Chad Mirkin and Samuel I. Stupp; Benjamin Franklin Medal in Electrical Engineering winner Manijeh Razeghi; Tony Award-winning director Mary Zimmerman; management expert Philip Kotler; King Faisal International Prize in Science recipient and Nobel laureate Sir Fraser Stoddart; Steppenwolf Theatre director Anna Shapiro; sexual psychologist J. Michael Bailey;[202] Federalist Society co-founder Steven Calabresi;[203] former Weatherman Bernardine Rae Dohrn;[204] ethnographer Gary Alan Fine;[205] Pulitzer Prize–winning historian Garry Wills;[206] American Academy of Arts and Sciences fellow Monica Olvera de la Cruz and MacArthur Fellowship recipients Stuart Dybek, Jennifer Richeson, Amy Rosenzweig, John A. Rogers, Mark Hersam, William Dichtel, and Dylan Penningroth. The faculty also includes Holocaust denier Arthur Butz[207] and Richard Bruce Silverman, inventor of Lyrica (Pregabalin). Former faculty include political advisor David Axelrod,[208] [209] artists William Conger, Judy Ledgerwood, Ed Paschke,[210] and James Valerio, writer Charles Newman,[211] Nobel Prize–winning chemist John Pople,[212] and military sociologist and "don't ask, don't tell" author Charles Moskos.[213]

Notes

Citations

Further reading

.

External links

Notes and References

  1. As of August 2022. 2022 Financial Report . May 9, 2023 . en . January 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230109033454/https://www.northwestern.edu/financial-operations/annual-financial-reports/2022-financial-report.pdf . live .
  2. Web site: Northwestern University Common Data Set 2021–2022, Part B . Northwestern University . January 21, 2023 . July 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194358/https://enrollment.northwestern.edu/pdf/common-data/2021-22.pdf . live .
  3. Web site: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY TENURE-LINE and FULL-TIME FACULTY BY SCHOOL FALL 2021 . Northwestern University . January 21, 2023 . January 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230121195450/https://www.adminplan.northwestern.edu/ir/data-book/v54/8.06-women-faculty-by-school.pdf . live .
  4. Web site: IPEDS-Northwestern University. November 7, 2021. November 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211107131043/https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Northwestern&s=all&id=147767. live.
  5. https://www.northwestern.edu/brand/visual-identity/color-palettes/index.html Color: Brand Tools
  6. Web site: Research funding breaks through to $886 million. September 8, 2019. Northwestern Now. September 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200910190514/https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2020/09/research-funding/. live.
  7. Web site: About Northwestern Research and the Office for Research. March 21, 2019. About: Research News. Northwestern University. October 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201021100950/https://www.research.northwestern.edu/about-northwestern-research-and-office-research/. dead.
  8. Web site: Research funding tops $1 billion for first time . 2023-10-29 . news.northwestern.edu . en.
  9. Web site: Northwestern Nobels: Northwestern Magazine – Northwestern University . 2023-08-09 . northwestern.edu .
  10. Web site: Winning Institutions Search The Rhodes Scholarships. 2021-12-11. rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk. en. September 16, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200916200956/https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/office-of-the-american-secretary/us-winners/winning-institution-search/. live.
  11. Web site: Thibault. Marie. In Pictures: Billionaire University. 2021-12-11. Forbes. en. August 8, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090808121349/https://www.forbes.com/2009/08/02/billionaire-study-harvard-stanford-business-billionaires-colleges-09-wealth_slide.html. live.
  12. Web site: Arthur J. Goldberg . 2023-08-13 . Oyez . en.
  13. Web site: John Paul Stevens . 2023-08-13 . Oyez . en.
  14. Web site: The Northwestern University Charter and Amendments . August 5, 2007 . Northwestern University . July 4, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080704140522/http://www.library.northwestern.edu/archives/nu_charter.pdf . live .
  15. Web site: Keeping the Faith . Northwestern . Northwestern's own religious identity stretches back to its genesis. The University began with a prayer — the school's nine founders (all of them Methodists, three of them ministers) knelt in worship before launching their first organizational meeting. During that meeting, they agreed to establish a university under the patronage of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Throughout most of its history, Northwestern kept a strong Methodist tie. Regional church conferences chose a member of the board of trustees, and until 1890 every University president was an ordained Methodist minister. . July 20, 2007 . July 10, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200710032039/https://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/summer2002/features/coverstory/index.htm . live .
  16. Web site: Planning a university to serve the Northwest Territory . Although the founders were strong Methodists — three of them were Methodist ministers and before the meeting all those in attendance joined in prayer — they also firmly believed that Northwestern should be an institution that would serve all people. At that time in history, particularly in the Midwest, many religious denominations founded colleges aimed at educating only members of their religion. . August 15, 2013 . Northwestern University . October 27, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181027101305/https://www.nu150.northwestern.edu/news/stories/10_21_00_founders.html . dead .
  17. Web site: Perpetual Scholarships provided early university funding . August 5, 2007 . Northwestern University . https://web.archive.org/web/20070803194448/http://www.northwestern.edu/features/historic_moments/11_5_00_scholarship.html . August 3, 2007 . dead . mdy-all .
  18. News: Eclectic by Design . . October 28, 2002 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092609/http://media.www.dailynorthwestern.com/media/storage/paper853/news/2002/10/28/Campus/Eclectic.By.Design-1902783.shtml . September 29, 2007 . mdy-all .
  19. Book: Northwestern Undergraduate Catalog 2005–07 . XXVIII . 3 . 2005.
  20. Web site: The First 150 Years. January 6, 2021. northwestern.edu. October 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211010020717/https://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/spring2001/first150_long_feature.htm. live.
  21. Barnes. Sarah. August 1999. A Lost Opportunity in American Education? The Proposal to Merge the University of Chicago and Northwestern University. American Journal of Education . University of Chicago Press. 107. 4. 289–320. 10.1086/444224. 144002429.
  22. Harold F. Williamson and Payson S. Wild, Northwestern University: A History, 1850–1975 (1976) pp 180–95.
  23. Web site: Quinn. Patrick. Winter 1993. Wartime on Campus. Northwestern Perspective. May 9, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080509094139/http://www.library.northwestern.edu/archives/wwII_at_nu.pdf. live.
  24. News: Pioneering Scholar in African Studies Finally Gets His Due . Chicago Tribune . October 28, 1995 . Secter . Bob . May 22, 2015 . June 3, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150603153834/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-10-28/news/9510280065_1_african-cultural-heritage-black-experience-black-scholars . live .
  25. News: Pattern Emerges in Bomber's Tract . Martin . Gottlieb . August 2, 1995 . The New York Times . May 22, 2015 . January 14, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150114213022/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/02/us/pattern-emerges-in-bomber-s-tract.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all . live .
  26. News: N.U. Ignores Evanston Bill for Riot Expense Payment . Chicago Tribune . November 5, 1972 . Lucille . Younger . May 22, 2015 . October 17, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151017001259/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1972/11/05/page/212/article/n-u-ignores-evanston-bill-for-riot-expense-payment/ . live .
  27. News: Future Expansion of N.U. to Bring Zoning Problems . Chicago Daily Tribune . November 23, 1952 . Charles . Schwanitz.
  28. News: When others see purple: NU's public offerings an antidote to tension . Chicago Tribune . Christine . Tatum . May 6, 2001 . May 22, 2015 . September 6, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150906103620/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-05-06/news/0105060485_1_nu-public-offerings-evanston-residents . live .
  29. Web site: Dry for more than a century . Northwestern University . August 6, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070608053355/http://www.northwestern.edu/features/historic_moments/11_12_00_alcohol.html . June 8, 2007 . dead . mdy-all .
  30. Web site: Thayer. Kate. 20 years ago this weekend, Princess Diana wowed Chicago in Northwestern purple. December 22, 2020. chicagotribune.com. June 3, 2016 . November 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201108115714/https://www.chicagotribune.com/history/ct-princess-diana-chicago-visit-20-years-met-20160603-story.html. live.
  31. Web site: Princess Diana's visit to Northwestern remembered on eve of royal wedding. December 22, 2020. news.northwestern.edu. en-US. December 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201217015234/https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2018/may/princess-dianas-visit-to-northwestern-remembered-on-eve-of-royal-wedding. live.
  32. Web site: Then: The People's Princess: Northwestern Magazine – Northwestern University. December 22, 2020. northwestern.edu.
  33. News: A New Ending To an Old Story; Journalism Students Rewrite the Case Of an Innocent Man Set to Die . The Washington Post . February 17, 1999 . Jon . Jeter.
  34. Web site: Medill Innocence Project . August 26, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110514052350/http://www.medill.northwestern.edu/journalism/undergrad/page.aspx?id=59507 . May 14, 2011 .
  35. News: Decision day for 156 inmates; Ryan poised to make history after 3 years of debate on death penalty . Chicago Tribune . Steve . Mills . Maurice . Possley . January 12, 2003 . May 22, 2015 . September 6, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150906131958/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-01-12/news/0301120040_1_madison-hobley-blanket-commutation-death-penalty . live .
  36. Web site: Northwestern wins eight building design awards from local non-profit – Northwestern Now. August 9, 2018. news.northwestern.edu. en-US. August 9, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180809215358/https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2017/november/northwestern-wins-eight-building-design-awards-from-local-non-profit/. live.
  37. News: Rhodes. Dawn. July 9, 2018. NU sports complex opens as student center stalls; some projects hinge on donor enthusiasm. en-US. Chicago Tribune. August 9, 2018. August 9, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180809111631/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-met-university-fundraising-donors-20180731-story.html. live.
  38. Web site: October 2, 2014. Remarks by the President on the Economy – Northwestern University. January 6, 2021. whitehouse.gov. en. January 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109213658/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/10/02/remarks-president-economy-northwestern-university. live.
  39. Web site: 2015-06-04. Feinberg Welcomes Dutch King and Queen to Campus. 2021-10-31. News Center. en-US. October 31, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211031040903/https://news.feinberg.northwestern.edu/2015/06/feinberg-welcomes-dutch-king-and-queen-to-campus/. live.
  40. Web site: 2021-09-22. Billionaire Couple Breaks Record With $480 Million Donation To Northwestern University. 2021-12-11. Evanston, IL Patch. en. December 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211211222320/https://patch.com/illinois/evanston/billionaire-couple-breaks-northwestern-record-480m-donation. live.
  41. News: Cox . Eric . 2023-11-15 . For the first time, US prisoners graduate from top university . 2024-02-10 . Reuters.
  42. Web site: Northwestern Architecture, Chicago Campus . Northwestern University Archives . July 11, 2008 . September 2, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060902104018/http://www.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/architecture/building.php?bid=7 . live .
  43. News: Refund . https://web.archive.org/web/20110917143528/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,758505,00.html . dead . September 17, 2011 . July 11, 2008 . November 29, 1937 . Time . New York .
  44. Web site: Northwestern Architecture, Montgomery Ward . July 11, 2008 . Northwestern University Archives . September 2, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060902094048/http://www.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/architecture/building.php?bid=13 . live .
  45. Web site: Northwestern Architecture, Wieboldt Hall . July 11, 2008 . Northwestern University Archives . September 2, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060902094512/http://www.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/architecture/building.php?bid=28 . live .
  46. Web site: Northwestern Architecture, Levy Mayer Hall . July 11, 2008 . Northwestern University Archives . September 2, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060902104013/http://www.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/architecture/building.php?bid=10 . live .
  47. Web site: Northwestern Architecture, Abbott Hall . Northwestern University Archives . July 4, 2009 . May 25, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100525222848/http://www.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/architecture/building.php?bid=2 . live .
  48. News: A choice: Save Prentice or save lives, add jobs and research dollars . Chicago Sun-Times . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120917003316/http://www.suntimes.com/news/otherviews/14960045-452/a-choice-save-prentice-or-save-lives-add-jobs-and-research-dollars.html . September 17, 2012 .
  49. Web site: Northwestern University in Qatar . Northwestern University . January 6, 2009 . November 8, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108233740/https://www.qatar.northwestern.edu/ . live .
  50. News: Northwestern professor raises questions about its branch in Qatar. The Washington Post. October 2, 2016. December 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161203154849/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2015/12/17/northwestern-professor-raises-questions-about-its-branch-in-qatar/. live.
  51. News: In Qatar's Education City, U.S. colleges are building an academic oasis. The Washington Post. October 2, 2016. March 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031005/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/in-qatars-education-city-us-colleges-are-building-an-academic-oasis/2015/12/06/6b538702-8e01-11e5-ae1f-af46b7df8483_story.html. live.
  52. News: Qatar entices NU to expand east: School near deal to open a campus . Chicago Tribune . April 6, 2007 . Choen . Jodi . May 22, 2015 . September 6, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150906131904/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2007-04-06/news/0704050721_1_foreign-students-qatar-foundation-study-abroad . live .
  53. News: Northwestern University expected to open journalism school in Qatar . The Associated Press . International Herald Tribune . Paris . April 6, 2007 . January 6, 2009 . October 13, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071013041326/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/04/06/america/NA-GEN-US-Qatar-Journalism-School.php . dead .
  54. News: Northwestern University will stay a decade longer in Qatar. The Washington Post. February 23, 2016. February 23, 2016. 0190-8286. en-US. Nick. Anderson. February 24, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160224093215/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/02/23/northwestern-university-will-stay-another-decade-in-qatar/. live.
  55. Web site: Advocate questions motive behind Qatar's financial ties to U.S. colleges. Justin. Stoltzfus. October 2, 2016. April 18, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160418235507/http://gulfnewsjournal.com/stories/510712102-advocate-questions-motive-behind-qatar-s-financial-ties-to-u-s-colleges. live.
  56. Web site: While U.S. universities see dollar signs in Qatari partnerships, some cry foul. Gulf News Journal. Reports. October 2, 2016. October 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151004021757/http://gulfnewsjournal.com/stories/510639673-while-u-s-universities-see-dollar-signs-in-qatari-partnerships-some-cry-foul. live.
  57. Web site: Northwestern announces Peter Barris as new Board of Trustees chair . The Daily Northwestern . June 15, 2022 . January 23, 2023 . January 24, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124182633/https://dailynorthwestern.com/2022/06/15/campus/northwestern-announces-peter-barris-as-new-board-of-trustees-chair/ . live .
  58. Web site: Board of Trustees: Charter, National and Alumni Trustees . Northwestern University . July 14, 2011 . September 3, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110903081621/http://www.adminplan.northwestern.edu/board-of-trustees/charter.htm . live .
  59. Michael H. Schill named next president of Northwestern . Northwestern Now . August 11, 2022 . January 23, 2023 . November 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221112054508/https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2022/08/new-northwestern-president-michael-schill/ . live .
  60. Web site: President's Staff . Northwestern University, Office of the President . September 16, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080517094310/http://www.northwestern.edu/president/PRESSTAF.html . May 17, 2008 . dead .
  61. Web site: https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2020/08/provost-kathleen-hagerty/ . Northwestern Now . August 11, 2020 . January 23, 2023 . January 23, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230123173559/https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2020/08/provost-kathleen-hagerty/ . live .
  62. Web site: Northwestern Associated Student Government . September 19, 2008 . Northwestern Associated Student Government . https://web.archive.org/web/20080614144744/http://asg.northwestern.edu/index.php . June 14, 2008 . dead .
  63. Web site: Graduate Student Association: Mission Statement . Northwestern University Graduate Student Association . September 19, 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081026154318/http://studentassociations.gsad.northwestern.edu/gsa/ . October 26, 2008 .
  64. Web site: Faculty Handbook . Northwestern University . September 19, 2008 . May 14, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080514152234/http://www.northwestern.edu/provost/faculty/handbook.pdf . dead .
  65. Web site: Here's how the 20 largest college endowments changed last year . 2023-06-12 . Higher Ed Dive . en-US . June 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230612041328/https://www.highereddive.com/news/how-20-largest-college-endowments-changed-2022/642997/ . live .
  66. Web site: Investment Office – Northwestern University. 2021-12-11. northwestern.edu. en. July 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200708025859/https://www.northwestern.edu/investment/. live.
  67. Web site: Common Data Set 2023–2024 . Northwestern University . Mar 18, 2022 . July 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194358/https://enrollment.northwestern.edu/pdf/common-data/2021-22.pdf . live .
  68. Web site: Common Data Set 2017–2018 . Northwestern University . Mar 18, 2022 . May 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230525155349/https://enrollment.northwestern.edu/pdf/common-data/2017-18.pdf . live .
  69. Northwestern University. U.S. News & World Report. September 22, 2015. September 10, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150910032139/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/northwestern-1739. live.
  70. Web site: Northwestern Undergraduate Common Data Set . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194358/https://enrollment.northwestern.edu/pdf/common-data/2021-22.pdf . July 6, 2022 . January 21, 2023 . enrollment.northwestern.edu/pdf/common-data.
  71. Web site: Northwestern University Admissions Statistics . live . May 14, 2023 . May 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230514034807/https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/colleges/northwestern-university/admissions .
  72. Web site: 2022 . Northwestern 2022 Financial Report . January 9, 2023 . January 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230109033454/https://www.northwestern.edu/financial-operations/annual-financial-reports/2022-financial-report.pdf . live .
  73. Web site: Northwestern Acceptance Rate Drops to 7% – Crimson Education US . 2023-05-15 . crimsoneducation.org . en-us . May 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230512221707/https://www.crimsoneducation.org/us/blog/admissions-news/northwestern-acceptance-rate . live .
  74. Web site: Tribune. Chicago. Northwestern University opening more doors to community college students. April 20, 2016. chicagotribune.com. April 14, 2016 . April 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190422134910/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-northwestern-star-scholarships-20160413-story.html. live.
  75. Web site: Financial Aid: Undergraduate Admissions – Northwestern University . Admissions . Northwestern University . 4 May 2023 . en . May 4, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504072114/https://admissions.northwestern.edu/faqs/financial-aid/ . live .
  76. Web site: Institutions: Northwestern University. September 18, 2008. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. September 13, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180913040300/http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=147767. live.
  77. Web site: Undergraduate Programs: A to Z Guide . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100111065106/http://www.northwestern.edu/academics/undergraduate-a-to-z.html . January 11, 2010 . December 2, 2009 . Northwestern University.
  78. Web site: Graduate and Professional Programs: A to Z Guide . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100111034320/http://www.northwestern.edu/academics/graduate-a-to-z.html . January 11, 2010 . December 2, 2009 . Northwestern University.
  79. Web site: Majors and Minors: Undergraduate Admissions – Northwestern University . 2023-06-09 . admissions.northwestern.edu . en . August 27, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150827220733/https://admissions.northwestern.edu/academics/majors-minors/ . live .
  80. Web site: Facts : Northwestern University. December 22, 2020. northwestern.edu. en. August 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150820002028/https://www.northwestern.edu/about/facts.html. live.
  81. Web site: Conant. Daisy. 2020-08-16. An insider's guide to the academic system at NU. 2021-03-21. The Daily Northwestern. December 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211208133418/https://dailynorthwestern.com/2020/08/16/orientation-2020/whats-the-quarter-system-an-insiders-guide-to-the-academic-system-at-nu/. live.
  82. Book: Undergraduate Course Catalog – Academic Calendar. Office of the Registrar, Northwestern University. 2009–2010. December 2, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20100605011010/http://www.registrar.northwestern.edu/courses/archive/full_nucat2009_10.pdf. June 5, 2010. dead.
  83. Book: Undergraduate Course Catalog – Academic Options. Office of the Registrar, Northwestern University. 2008–2009. 29–30. January 3, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20081221072339/http://www.registrar.northwestern.edu/nucatalog/catalog0809/wcas_cat0809.pdf. December 21, 2008.
  84. Web site: 2023 . Northwestern University Academics, US News & World Report . live . June 9, 2023 . June 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230609222025/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/northwestern-university-1739/academics#:~:text=The%20most%20popular%20majors%20at,Public%20Administration%20and%20Social%20Service .
  85. Web site: 2023 . Northwestern University All Rankings . live . June 10, 2023 . June 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230610032301/https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/northwestern-university-1739/overall-rankings .
  86. Web site: University Accreditation. https://web.archive.org/web/20080516054333/http://www.registrar.northwestern.edu/consumer_info/accred.html. May 16, 2008. September 18, 2008. Northwestern University.
  87. Web site: Past Recipients, Honorary Degrees. https://web.archive.org/web/20080706222430/http://www.northwestern.edu/provost/awards/honorary/honrecip.html. July 6, 2008. January 4, 2009. Office of the Provost, Northwestern University.
  88. Web site: Awards and Honors – Honorary Degrees. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110606131611/http://www.northwestern.edu/provost/awards/honorary/. June 6, 2011. January 4, 2009. Office of the Provost, Northwestern University.
  89. Web site: Northwestern University Classics Department- Eta Sigma Phi. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130608151146/http://www.classics.northwestern.edu//undergraduate/esp.html. June 8, 2013. August 2, 2013.
  90. Book: Undergraduate Course Catalog – Honors and Prizes. Office of the Registrar, Northwestern University. 2008–2009. 28–29. January 3, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20081221072339/http://www.registrar.northwestern.edu/nucatalog/catalog0809/wcas_cat0809.pdf. December 21, 2008.
  91. Web site: Alpha Sigma Lambda Homepage. June 6, 2013. June 27, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130627011524/http://www.alphasigmalambda.org/. live.
  92. Web site: Library Resources. January 3, 2009. Northwestern University Library. June 4, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100604225939/http://www.library.northwestern.edu/help/library_resources.pdf. live.
  93. Web site: Fast Facts: Libraries – Northwestern University . 2023-05-12 . library.northwestern.edu . en . July 31, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160731202536/https://www.library.northwestern.edu/about/facts/fast-facts.html . live .
  94. Web site: Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies: Libraries – Northwestern University . 2023-05-14 . library.northwestern.edu . en . May 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230514050144/https://www.library.northwestern.edu/libraries-collections/herskovits-library/ . live .
  95. Web site: Collection Highlights: Libraries – Northwestern University . 2023-05-14 . library.northwestern.edu . en . May 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230514050137/https://www.library.northwestern.edu/libraries-collections/mccormick-library/collection-highlights/ . live .
  96. Web site: Siege and Commune of Paris during 1870–1871 . live . May 14, 2023 . Northwestern University . April 29, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230429094243/https://dc.library.northwestern.edu/collections/5a3744f2-5cbc-4edc-bb16-1bad7265e41c .
  97. Web site: Collection: Spanish Civil War Collection Archival and Manuscript Collections . 2023-05-14 . findingaids.library.northwestern.edu . May 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230514050140/https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/7/resources/654 . live .
  98. Web site: History: Museum & Building. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090306232446/http://www.blockmuseum.northwestern.edu/about/history.html. March 6, 2009. January 3, 2009. Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, Northwestern University.
  99. Web site: Cubbage. Alan K.. January 17, 2011. Holocaust Educational Foundation to Join Northwestern Northwestern will continue the Foundation's efforts to support Holocaust research, outreach. January 18, 2011. January 23, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110123180922/http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2011/01/holocaust-educational-foundation.html. live.
  100. Web site: January 17, 2011. Holocaust Educational Foundation to Become Part of Northwestern U.. January 18, 2011. Chronicle of Higher Education. August 18, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170818102112/http://www.chronicle.com/blogs/ticker/holocaust-educational-foundation-to-become-part-of-northwestern-u/29763?sid=at. live.
  101. News: June 6, 2007 . Google Project Will Create Digital Repository for Select University Library Collections . Northwestern University News Office . January 3, 2009 . July 12, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200712050939/https://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2007/06/google.html . live .
  102. Web site: Native American Educational Services College Digital Library Project . live . May 14, 2023 . January 28, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230128140843/https://collectionsasdata.github.io/part2whole/naes_cad_forum.pdf .
  103. Web site: Member Institutions and Years of Admission . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120521132512/http://www.aau.edu/about/article.aspx?id=5476 . May 21, 2012 . September 18, 2008 . Association of American Universities.
  104. News: Top Research Universities Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index . The Chronicle of Higher Education . dead . May 17, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110611085504/http://chronicle.com/stats/productivity/page.php?year=2007&institution=1116&byinst=Go . June 11, 2011.
  105. Web site: Office for RESEARCH . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201222032641/https://www.research.northwestern.edu/ . December 22, 2020 . December 22, 2020 . research.northwestern.edu.
  106. Web site: Facts : Northwestern University . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150820002028/https://www.northwestern.edu/about/facts.html . August 20, 2015 . 2023-05-14 . northwestern.edu . en.
  107. Web site: University Research Institutes & Centers: Office for Research – Northwestern University . 2023-06-13 . research.northwestern.edu . en . June 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230613030310/https://research.northwestern.edu//about/institutes-centers/university-research-institutes-centers.html . live .
  108. Web site: Institutes and Centers: University Research Institute and Center Administration – Northwestern University . 2023-06-13 . urica.northwestern.edu . en . June 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230613030312/https://urica.northwestern.edu/institutes-and-centers/ . live .
  109. Web site: Institute for Sustainable Energy at Northwestern . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150528013150/http://isen.northwestern.edu/ . May 28, 2015 . May 22, 2015 . Northwestern University.
  110. Web site: University Research Centers . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080715081259/http://www.research.northwestern.edu/centers/university-research-centers.html . July 15, 2008 . January 4, 2009 . Office of Research, Northwestern University.
  111. Web site: CZ Biohub Chicago Launches . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035526/https://www.czbiohub.org/news/new-chan-zuckerberg-biohub-chicago-will-engineer-technologies-to-measure-human-biology/ . March 11, 2023 . 2023-03-11 . CZ Biohub . en-US.
  112. Web site: Initiative at Northwestern for Quantum Information Research and Engineering . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230512221708/https://quantum.northwestern.edu/index.html . May 12, 2023 . May 12, 2023 . INQUIRE – Northwestern University.
  113. Web site: CAPST . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230426194154/https://capst.northwestern.edu/ . April 26, 2023 . 2023-05-12 . CAPST . en-ZA.
  114. Web site: July 28, 2013 . Center for Developmental Therapeutics (CDT) | Chemistry of Life Processes Institute . https://web.archive.org/web/20130728104052/http://www.clp.northwestern.edu/research-facilities/center-developmental-therapeutics-cdt . July 28, 2013 . October 16, 2019.
  115. http://cd2.northwestern.edu/ Center for Device Development
  116. Web site: National Academy of Inventors . 2018 . Top 100 Worldwide Universities Granted U.S. Utility Patents in 2018 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200407190158/https://academyofinventors.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Top-100-2018.pdf . April 7, 2020 . December 22, 2020 .
  117. News: Lange . Alexandra . 2016-08-04 . The Innovation Campus: Building Better Ideas . en-US . The New York Times . live . 2023-05-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230512145300/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/07/education/edlife/innovation-campus-entrepreneurship-engineering-arts.html . May 12, 2023 . 0362-4331.
  118. Web site: The Garage at Northwestern University . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230404082046/https://bizcasthq.com/companies/the-garage-at-northwestern/ . April 4, 2023 . 2023-05-12 . BizcastHQ . en.
  119. Web site: College Scorecard: Northwestern University. United States Department of Education. May 8, 2022. June 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220614195406/https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?147767-Northwestern-University. live.
  120. Web site: 2020. Common Data Set 2019–2020. November 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109052013/https://enrollment.northwestern.edu/pdf/common-data/2019-20.pdf. live.
  121. Web site: College Navigator – Northwestern University . 2023-05-14 . nces.ed.gov . May 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230514034804/https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=northwestern+university&s=all&id=147767 . live .
  122. Web site: Common Data Set – Enrollment and persistence. September 18, 2008. Northwestern University. August 27, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090827192946/http://www.northwestern.edu/about/northwestern-at-a-glance/students.html. live.
  123. Web site: Diversity: Undergraduate Admissions – Northwestern University. December 23, 2020. admissions.northwestern.edu. en. February 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210207010945/https://admissions.northwestern.edu/student-life/diversity.html. live.
  124. Web site: Fall Quarter 2014 Enrollment Statistics. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150807164014/http://www.registrar.northwestern.edu/academic_records/enroll-grad_statistics/enrollment/Fall_2014_enrollment.pdf. August 7, 2015. April 17, 2015. Northwestern University.
  125. Web site: Bachelors Degerees by Discipline – 2003–04 and 2007–08. January 3, 2009. Institutional Research, Northwestern University. XLS.
  126. Web site: 2005. Full-time graduate students in S&E and health in all institutions, ranked by 2005 total. January 4, 2009. National Science Foundation. January 17, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090117163326/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/profiles/data/gss_ranking.cfm#G001739. live.
  127. Web site: Total Graduate School Enrollment by Department – Fall 1997 through Fall 2007. January 3, 2008. Institutional Research, Northwestern University. XLS.
  128. Web site: Buchaniec. Catherine. July 28, 2020. As abolition movement grows nationwide, Greek orgs discuss disbanding. December 23, 2020. The Daily Northwestern. November 1, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201101064634/https://dailynorthwestern.com/2020/07/28/campus/greek-organizations-discuss-abolition-at-northwestern-amid-nationwide-reckoning/. live.
  129. Web site: Fraternities and Sororities Recognized by Northwestern University. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090316083530/http://www.northwestern.edu/gogreek/organizations/index.html. March 16, 2009. May 15, 2009. Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life, Northwestern University.
  130. Web site: Residency Requirement: Residential Services – Northwestern University . 2023-06-13 . northwestern.edu . en . June 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230613092000/https://www.northwestern.edu/living/incoming-undergraduates/residency-requirement/ . live .
  131. Web site: Northwestern is steeped in traditions that make it home to our students: Student Affairs – Northwestern University. December 23, 2020. northwestern.edu. en. October 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201030195920/https://www.northwestern.edu/studentaffairs/community/students/traditions.html. live.
  132. Web site: Events in Northwestern History. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20071013180957/http://northwestern.edu/about/history/timeline1899/index.html. October 13, 2007. October 4, 2007.
  133. Web site: Brand Colors: Kellogg Brand Tools. October 17, 2021. October 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211017024036/https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/brand-tools/brand-guidelines/colors.aspx. live.
  134. Web site: University Songs & Symbols. June 11, 2017. Northwestern University Archives. June 10, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170610080035/http://www.library.northwestern.edu/libraries-collections/university-archives/northwestern-history/university-songs-symbols.html#colors. live.
  135. Web site: The History of the Rock . Northwestern University . September 2, 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090225112045/http://www.northwestern.edu/wildcam/rock-history.html . February 25, 2009 . May 22, 2015.
  136. Web site: About Dillo Day. August 2, 2021. August 2, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210802051411/http://www.dilloday.com/about/dillo-day. live.
  137. Web site: Northwestern is steeped in traditions that make it home to our students: Student Affairs – Northwestern University . 2023-06-10 . northwestern.edu . en . October 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201030195920/https://www.northwestern.edu/studentaffairs/community/students/traditions.html . live .
  138. Web site: Northwestern traditions, Campus life, Freshman, Office of Undergraduate Admission – Northwestern University . Ugadm.northwestern.edu . May 22, 2012 . May 3, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120503062619/http://www.ugadm.northwestern.edu/student-life/northwestern-traditions/index.html . live .
  139. Web site: About NUDM. December 23, 2020. Northwestern University Dance Marathon. en-US. January 25, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210125020133/https://www.nudm.org/about/. dead.
  140. Web site: About. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130928194619/http://www.ncdcnorthwestern.org/about/. September 28, 2013. August 15, 2013. Northwestern Community Development Corps.
  141. Web site: Freshman Urban Program (FUP). dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130503004643/http://groups.northwestern.edu/fup/experience.html#top. May 3, 2013. August 15, 2013. Northwestern University.
  142. Web site: Global Engagement Studies Institute. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131228003407/http://gesi.northwestern.edu/history-3/. December 28, 2013.
  143. Web site: McCormick students and faculty tackle health care challenge in the developing world. July 4, 2009. McCormick School of Engineering. June 10, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100610141834/http://magazine.mccormick.northwestern.edu/FA2007/Xray.html. dead.
  144. Web site: World Health Imaging Alliance Partners For X-Rays in Developing World. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100611054904/http://www.mccormick.northwestern.edu/news/articles/494. June 11, 2010. July 4, 2009. McCormick School of Engineering.
  145. Web site: What is StuCo?. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130812064725/http://nustudenttheatre.org/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page. August 12, 2013. August 15, 2013. Northwestern University's Student Theatre Coalition.
  146. Web site: Waa-Mu Shares Tips for Writing Musicals. Northwestern University. August 15, 2013. July 28, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130728012629/http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2013/03/waa-mu-students-share-tips-for-writing-musicals.html. live.
  147. Web site: Purple Crayon Players History . Northwestern University . August 15, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130102003536/http://groups.northwestern.edu/purplecrayonplayers/history.html . January 2, 2013 .
  148. Web site: Lookingglass Theatre wins regional Tony Award . May 3, 2011 . Crain's Chicago Business nn . The Associated Press . August 15, 2013 . May 5, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110505063135/http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20110503/NEWS07/110509969/lookingglass-theatre-wins-regional-tony-award . live .
  149. Book: Duchan, Joshua. Powerful Voices: The Musical and Social World of Collegiate A Cappella. 2012. University of Michigan Press. 108, 171. 978-0472118250. October 19, 2020. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707053022/https://books.google.com/books?id=kLC0VxIKy8sC&q=%22Purple+Haze%22&pg=PA171. live.
  150. Web site: Multicultural Student Affairs: Student Groups. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130927212349/http://www.northwestern.edu/msa/community/students/groups/index.html#pubs. September 27, 2013. September 25, 2013. Northwestern University.
  151. Web site: Local. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150515113419/http://sherman-ave.com/local/. May 15, 2015. May 22, 2015. Sherman Ave.
  152. Web site: About WNUR-FM. August 15, 2013. July 15, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130715224921/http://www.wnur.org/about/. live.
  153. Web site: Studio 22 Productions (I). May 22, 2015. Internet Movie Database. July 10, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150710165037/http://www.imdb.com/company/co0128376/. live.
  154. Web site: Earned Bid List for 2018 NCT. January 21, 2019. January 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190121233155/http://www.collegemocktrial.org/NCT%20Earned%20Bid%20List%20(2018)%20FINAL.pdf. live.
  155. Web site: 2018 National Championship Results. January 21, 2019. January 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190121233213/http://www.collegemocktrial.org/tournaments-/national-championship/nct-tournament-results/2018-nct-tournament-results/. live.
  156. Web site: 2018–2019 Bonus Bid Rankings. January 21, 2019. American Mock Trial Association. April 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190412151354/http://www.collegemocktrial.org/2018-19%20AMTA%20TPR.pdf. live.
  157. Web site: Team Numbers. January 21, 2019. collegemocktrial.org. January 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232906/http://www.collegemocktrial.org/tournaments-/general-information/team-numbers/. live.
  158. Web site: Northwestern University Facts . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080621035451/http://www.northwestern.edu/about/facts/ . June 21, 2008 . August 20, 2008 . Northwestern University.
  159. Web site: Greenstein . Teddy . The $270 million Walter Athletics Center is spectacular — but can it help Northwestern win? . June 25, 2020 . chicagotribune.com . August 2, 2018 . June 27, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200627020113/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/college/ct-spt-northwestern-athletics-facility-football-20180802-story.html . live .
  160. News: Abbey . Wallace . November 16, 1924 . Maroons beat Purple by a Dropkick . A1 . Chicago Tribune . May 22, 2015 . October 17, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151017001259/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1924/11/16/page/25/article/maroons-beat-purple-by-dropkick/ . live .
  161. News: Damer . Roy . April 18, 1972 . Purple Haze Won't Go Away At N.U. . Chicago Tribune.
  162. Web site: Wildcat Nickname History HailToPurple.com . 2023-06-10 . hailtopurple.com . May 29, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230529060930/http://hailtopurple.com/features/wildcathistory.html . live .
  163. Web site: 2010-12-05 . Academic Achievement Award – News – AFCA.com Official Site of the American Football Coaches Association . 2023-06-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101205004823/http://www.afca.com/SportSelect.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=9300&SPID=7865&SPSID=69272 . December 5, 2010 .
  164. Web site: 2012-11-16 . Chicago's other football team . 2023-06-10 . Crain's Chicago Business . en-US . June 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230610060823/https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20121117/ISSUE01/311179985/northwestern-markets-itself-as-chicago-s-big-ten-team . live .
  165. Web site: Appearances in AP Top 10 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120328121707/http://www.appollarchive.com/football/ap/app_total.cfm?sort=top10app&decade=all&rows=all . March 28, 2012 . March 7, 2010 . AP Poll Archive.
  166. Web site: Appearances in at #1 in AP Poll . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120328121719/http://www.appollarchive.com/football/ap/app_total.cfm?sort=num1app&decade=all&rows=all . March 28, 2012 . March 7, 2010 . AP Poll Archive.
  167. Web site: Northwestern Football History Database . May 2, 2009 . NationalChamps.net . November 12, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201112055723/http://www.nationalchamps.net/NCAA/database/northwestern_database.htm . live .
  168. News: Bumiller . Elisabeth . November 9, 1981 . The Streak! Northwestern Sets Football Record, 29 Demoralizing Losses in a Row; Northwestern's Streak . D1 . The Washington Post.
  169. News: Pomerantz . Gary . September 25, 1982 . Northwestern: Paradise Found After 34 Lost Weekends . F1 . The Washington Post.
  170. News: Sprow . Chris . July 1, 2006 . Randy Walker, Northwestern Head Football Coach, 52, Dies . The New York Times . January 6, 2009 . May 22, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130522052940/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/01/sports/ncaafootball/01walker.html . live .
  171. News: Eligon . John . August 9, 2006 . Northwestern's Fitzgerald a Comforting Figure for a Familiar Pain . The New York Times . January 6, 2009 . May 22, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130522052954/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/09/sports/ncaafootball/09north.html . live .
  172. News: July 8, 2006 . Fitzgerald becomes youngest coach in Division I-A . ESPN . January 6, 2009 . January 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160104200458/http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=2512178 . live .
  173. Web site: 100 Great Moments in Big Ten Men's Basketball History . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110725195544/http://www.bigten.org/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/120404aaa.html . July 25, 2011 . May 15, 2009 . Big Ten Official Athletic Site.
  174. Web site: March 19, 2017 . Northwestern Falls to Gonzaga in Second Round, 79–73 . March 25, 2017 . NBC Chicago . en . March 26, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051331/http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Northwestern-Hopes-to-Upset-Gonzaga-in-Tough-Second-Round-Game-416494983.html . live .
  175. News: November 25, 1998 . Sentences Issued in Gambling Case . The New York Times . July 13, 2008 . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707053023/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/25/sports/basketball-jurisprudence-northwestern-sentences-issued-in-gambling-case.html . live .
  176. News: Belluck . Pam . March 27, 1998 . Ex-Northwestern Players Charged in Point-Shaving . The New York Times . July 13, 2008 . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707053029/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/sports/college-basketball-ex-northwestern-players-charged-in-point-shaving.html . live .
  177. News: Berkow . Ira . April 20, 1998 . Caught in Gambling's Grip; A Promising Career Unravels at Northwestern . The New York Times . July 13, 2008 . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707053022/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/20/sports/college-basketball-caught-gambling-s-grip-promising-career-unravels-northwestern.html . live .
  178. News: Dedman . Bill . December 4, 1998 . College Football; 4 Are Indicted in Northwestern Football Scandal . The New York Times . July 13, 2008 . April 3, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080403053359/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C00E4D8103BF937A35751C1A96E958260 . live .
  179. News: August 4, 2001 . College Player Dies at Practice . The New York Times . July 13, 2008 . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707053023/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/04/sports/college-football-college-player-dies-at-practice.html . live .
  180. News: Fountain . John . August 8, 2001 . Amid Questions, Northwestern Honors a 'Hero' . The New York Times . July 13, 2008 . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707053528/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/08/sports/college-football-amid-questions-northwestern-honors-a-hero.html . live .
  181. News: August 21, 2001 . Banned Substance in Wheeler's System . The New York Times . July 13, 2008 . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707053524/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/21/sports/plus-college-football-banned-substance-in-wheeler-s-system.html . live .
  182. News: August 13, 2001 . University Examines Use of Supplements . The New York Times . July 13, 2008 . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707053528/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/13/sports/plus-college-football-university-examines-use-of-supplements.html . live .
  183. News: Sprow . Chris . May 16, 2006 . Northwestern Women's Soccer Team Suspended After Hazing . The New York Times . February 11, 2017 . June 11, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170611225833/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/16/sports/soccer/16hazing.html . live .
  184. News: June 21, 2006 . Northwestern women's soccer coach resigns . ESPN . May 16, 2009 . January 12, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120112093014/http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/news/story?id=2493994 . live .
  185. Web site: Northwestern Men's Basketball . live . May 18, 2023 . May 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518020221/https://nusports.com/sports/mens-basketball .
  186. Web site: Welsh-Ryan Arena . live . May 18, 2023 . May 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518022648/https://nusports.com/facilities/welsh-ryan-arena/12 .
  187. Web site: Staff Directory . live . May 18, 2023 . May 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518022651/https://nusports.com/staff-directory/joe-mckeown/110 .
  188. Web site: Northwestern Fencing . live . May 18, 2023 . May 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518022658/https://nusports.com/sports/womens-fencing .
  189. News: Lomonico . David . May 25, 2008 . Northwestern completes four-peat in women's lacrosse . ESPN . May 16, 2009 . November 2, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102115342/http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/print?id=3412373&type=Story&imagesPrint=off . live .
  190. News: May 24, 2009 . Northwestern wins 5th straight title . ESPN . The Associated Press . May 25, 2009 . January 14, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150114231724/http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/news/story?id=4203437 . live .
  191. Web site: Northwestern Women's Lacrosse Archives . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130526180741/http://www.nusports.com/sports/w-lacros/archive/nw-w-lacros-archive.html . May 26, 2013 . May 21, 2013 . Northwestern University.
  192. Web site: Northwestern Wildcats Wrestling . live . May 18, 2023 . May 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518022654/https://nusports.com/sports/wrestling .
  193. Web site: Northwestern All Americans . 2023-05-18 . nwhof.org . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707053524/https://nwhof.org/national-wrestling-hall-of-fame/champions-database?school=186&page=1 . live .
  194. News: August 11, 2010 . In Pictures: Billionaire Universities . Forbes . June 18, 2018 . December 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201223095755/https://www.forbes.com/2010/08/11/harvard-stanford-columbia-business-billionaires-universities_slide.html . live .
  195. News: Russo . Francine . September 3, 2002 . Rallying the Troupes: Young Directors Take Charge . Village Voice . New York . live . January 6, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141019013042/http://www.villagevoice.com/2002-09-03/nyc-life/rallying-the-troupes/ . October 19, 2014.
  196. News: April 30, 2002 . Alum touts connections among NU grads in L.A. . The Daily Northwestern . dead . January 6, 2009 . https://archive.today/20110806003526/http://media.www.dailynorthwestern.com/media/storage/paper853/news/2002/04/30/Campus/Alum-Touts.Connections.Among.Nu.Grads.In.L.a-1909784.shtml . August 6, 2011.
  197. Web site: National Academy of Sciences Directory. February 11, 2011. National Academy of Sciences. June 28, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110628235951/http://www.nasonline.org/site/Dir/139832544?pg=rslts. live.
  198. Web site: American Academy of Arts and Sciences Directory. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111005034430/http://www.amacad.org/members/classList.pdf. October 5, 2011. February 11, 2011. American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
  199. Web site: National Academy of Engineering Directory. February 11, 2011. National Academy of Engineering. February 11, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110211023807/http://www.nae.edu/default.aspx?id=20412. live.
  200. Web site: Institute of Medicine Directory. February 11, 2011. Institute of Medicine.
  201. News: nobel prize in economics. October 11, 2010. October 15, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101015012001/http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/archives/special/nobel-prize-winner.html. live.
  202. News: Carey. Benedict. August 21, 2007. Criticism of a Gender Theory, and a Scientist Under Siege. The New York Times. January 4, 2009. April 10, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090410120121/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/21/health/psychology/21gender.html. live.
  203. Web site: Steven G. Calabresi – Biography. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100317211655/http://www.fed-soc.org/publications/id.91/author.asp. March 17, 2010. March 7, 2010. The Federalist Society.
  204. News: Fountain. John. November 4, 2001. Northwestern Alumni to End Donations if Ex-Radical Stays. The New York Times. July 12, 2008. April 30, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080430072720/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D01E0DA1739F937A35752C1A9679C8B63. live.
  205. Sassatelli. Roberta. March 2010. A Serial Ethnographer: An Interview with Gary Alan Fine. Qualitative Sociology. 33. 1. 79–96. 10.1007/s11133-009-9144-2. 1573-7837. 144558047.
  206. Web site: March 4, 1997. Pulitzer-Prize winning writer Garry Wills. January 4, 2009. National Public Radio. January 22, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100122213010/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1109559. live.
  207. News: King. Seth S.. January 28, 1977. Professor Causes Furor by Saying Nazi Slaying of Jews Is a Myth. The New York Times. November 26, 2008. September 5, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170905145931/http://www.nytimes.com/1977/01/28/archives/professor-causes-furor-by-saying-nazi-slaying-of-jews-is-a-myth.html. live.
  208. Web site: Senior Advisor David Axelrod. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100306205606/http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/staff/david-axelrod. March 6, 2010. March 7, 2010. The White House.
  209. Web site: David Axelrod Biography. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150505104153/http://www.biography.com/people/david-axelrod-431900. May 5, 2015. May 22, 2015. Biography.com website.
  210. News: Smith. Roberta. December 1, 2004. Ed Paschke, Painter, 65, Dies; Pop Artist With Dark Vision. The New York Times. January 6, 2009. May 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130522042253/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/01/arts/design/01paschke.html. live.
  211. News: Fox. Margalit. March 22, 2006. Charles Newman, 67, Writer and Literary Journal Editor, Dies. The New York Times. January 6, 2009. November 26, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151126203835/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/22/national/22newman.html. live.
  212. News: Chang. Kenneth. March 18, 2004. Sir John A. Pople, 78, Dies; Won Nobel Chemistry Prize. The New York Times. January 6, 2009. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707053555/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/18/world/sir-john-a-pople-78-dies-won-nobel-chemistry-prize.html. live.
  213. News: Martin. Douglas. June 5, 2008. Charles Moskos, Policy Adviser, Dies at 74. The New York Times. January 4, 2009. September 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190920120704/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/05/us/05moskos.html. live.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Northwestern University".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.