Weather of 2003 explained

The following is a list of weather events that occurred on Earth in the year 2003. The most common weather events to have a significant impact are blizzards, cold waves, droughts, heat waves, wildfires, floods, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones. The deadliest event of the year was a European heatwave that killed 72,210 people, which broke several nationwide temperature records.

Overview

The year began with El Niño conditions, which meant that sea surface temperatures over the equator over the eastern Pacific Ocean were anomalously warm.^[1]

Deadliest events

Deadliest meteorological events during 2003

Rank	Event	Date(s)	Deaths (+Missing)	Refs
1	European heatwave	July - August	72,210
2	Sri Lanka floods	May 10 - 20	260
3	Bukit Lawang, Indonesia flash flood	November 12	180
4	Typhoon Maemi	September 5 - 16	120
4	Vietnam floods	October 14 - November 14	103	^[2]
5
6
7

Types

The following listed different types of special weather conditions worldwide.

Heat waves and droughts

In the summer of 2003, there was a severe heatwave across Europe, considered the warmest summer on the continent since 1540. The heat and drought killed 72,210 people across 15 countries, making it the sixth deadliest disaster worldwide in the first two decades of the 21st century. Most of the deaths occurred in Italy and France. Several nationwide temperature records were broken during the heatwave, with a peak temperature of 44.1C recorded in France on August 12.^{[3] [4] [5]}

There was also a heat wave across the United States from March through November that killed 35 people.

Tornadoes

See main article: Tornadoes of 2003. Throughout the year, there were 1,374 tornadoes in the United States.^[6] In a one week period in May, a severe weather outbreak produced 335 tornadoes across 26 U.S. states, which set the record for the most twisters in a single week. There were 51 deaths related to the event.

Tropical cyclones

See main article: Tropical cyclones in 2003. There was two tropical cyclones active as the year began  - Cyclone Zoe in the southern Pacific Ocean, which quickly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, and Tropical Storm Delfina, which moved across Mozambique and Malawi.^{[7] [8]} There were seven named storms that developed within the South Pacific during the year. In the South-West Indian Ocean, there were 13 named storms, including a series of four simultaneous storms in February.^{[9] [10]} The strongest cyclone in 2003 was Cyclone Inigo, which in April became one of the strongest cyclones ever recorded in the Australian basin.^[11] Inigo was one of nine named storms in the basin during the year, along with an unnamed storm.^[9]

In the northern hemisphere, the western Pacific featured 21 named storms, including Typhoon Maemi, which was the strongest storm on record to hit South Korea, resulting in 120 deaths and damage estimated at ₩5.52 trillion won (KRW, US$4.8 billion).^[12] In the northern Indian Ocean, there were five cyclonic storms, including one in May that produced flooding across Sri Lanka, killing 260 people. The Atlantic hurricane season lasted from April to November with 16 named storms. These included Fabian and Juan, the strongest hurricanes to hit Bermuda and Nova Scotia, respectively, in several decades.^[13] In the eastern Pacific, there were also 16 named storms, several of which affected Mexico.^[14]

Wildfires

In January, high winds and lightning ignited bushfires in Canberra, Australia's capital city, which burned 70% of the territory's nature areas before being contained. The fires killed four people and caused 435 injuries. Throughout the northern hemisphere summer, wildfires burned 10% of Portugal's territory, killing 19 people.^[15]

Extratropical cyclones and other weather systems

Timeline

This is a timeline of deadly weather events during 2003.

January

• December 2002 to February 2003 – An ongoing cold wave affected southern India, with more than 740 deaths related to cold temperatures in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal.^[16]
• January 8 - 21 – Bushfires in Canberra, Australia's capital city, killed four people and caused 435 injuries. The fires also burned 70% of the territory's nature areas.^[17]
• January 9 - 15 – Cyclone Ami moved through Fiji, killing 14 people.^[18]
• January 19 - February 5 – Cyclone Beni trekked through the South Pacific for 18 days, eventually dissipating offshore the Australian state of Queensland. There was one death related to Beni.^[18]
• January 21 – Intense rainfall produced flooding in Bolivia's capital, La Paz, killing four people.^[19]
• February 14 - 22 A blizzard across eastern North America caused more than 20 deaths after it dropped 40inches of snow.^[21]
• February 25 - March 6 – Cyclone Japhet struck Mozambique and crossed into Zimbabwe, killing 25 people.^{[19] [22] [23]}
• February 27 - March 1 – Cyclone Graham moved ashore western Australia, resulting in one fatality.^[24]

March

• March 1 - November 30 – A heat wave across the United States killed 35 people and resulted in US$5 billion in agriculture losses.
• March 1 - 17 – Cyclone Erica hit New Caledonia, killing two people.^[25]
• March 30 - April 8 – Cyclone Inigo developed over Indonesia, causing at least 50 fatalities. It later became one of the most intense cyclones in the region, before weakening and striking Western Australia.^[11]

April

• April 4 - 7 – An severe weather outbreak killed three people across the southern United States.^[26]
• April 9 - 25 – Typhoon Kujira developed near the Federated States of Micronesia and later moved through southern Japan, killing three people.^{[27] [28]}
• April 20 - 27 – Swells from Tropical Storm Ana capsized a boat in Florida, killing two people.^[29]
• April 28 – Flooding in Argentina's Santa Fe Province killed 23 people, described as the worst since records began 1573.^{[30] [31]}

May

• May 2 - 13 – Cyclone Manou brushed southeastern Madagascar, resulting in 89 deaths.
• May 3 - 10 – A severe weather outbreak in the eastern half of the United States killed 51 people. With 335 tornadoes across 26 U.S. states, the outbreak set the record for the most twisters in a single week. Damage totaled US$4.1 billion.^{[26] [32]}
• May 10 - 20 – A very severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal produced significant rainfall across Sri Lanka. Destructive floods killed 260 people and displaced about 800,000 people.^{[33] [34] [35]}
• May 25 - June 2 – Tropical Storm Linfa developed west of the Philippines and later moved through Japan, causing 41 fatalities.^[36]

June

• June - August – A heatwave across Europe, considered the hottest since 1540, killed 72,210 people, particularly across France and Italy.^{[4] [3]}
• June 11 - 24 – Typhoon Soudelor moved from the Philippine Sea and eventually passed between South Korea and Japan, causing 14 deaths along its path.^{[37] [38]}
• June 26 - 27 – Tropical Storm Carlos struck southern Mexico, killing nine people.^{[39] [40]}
• June 29 - July 3 – Tropical Storm Bill moved ashore the U.S. state of Louisiana and produced a tornado outbreak across the southeastern United States. There were four deaths related to the storm.^[41]

July

• July 8 - 17 – Hurricane Claudette moved through the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico before striking the U.S. state of Texas, causing three deaths.^[42]
• Mid to late July – Heavy rainfall produced widespread flooding in Sudan, killing 12 people.^[43]
• July 15 - 23 – Tropical Storm Koni traversed the Philippines, southern China, and Vietnam, resulting in five fatalities.^[44]
• July 15 - 25 – Typhoon Imbudo made landfall in the northern Philippines and later the Chinese province of Guangdong, killing 85 people.^{[45] [46] [47]}
• July 21 - 23 – A derecho across the southern United States killed seven people and left over US$1 billion in damage, with the worst impacts in Memphis, Tennessee.^[26]
• July 31 - August 4 – Tropical Storm Morakot hit Taiwan and southeastern China, resulting in three fatalities.^[48]

August

• August 2 - 9 – Typhoon Etau developed near the Federated States of Micronesia and later struck Japan, causing 20 deaths.^[49]
• August 13 - 26 – Typhoon Krovanh hit the northern Philippines and southern China, resulting in four fatalities.^{[50] [51] [52]}
• August 14 - 14 – Hurricane Erika hit northeastern Mexico, with two people killed by floodwaters.^[53]
• August 22 - 27 – Hurricane Ignacio struck Mexico's Baja California Peninsula, killing four people. Ignacio was the first hurricane of the annual season, the latest date for the season's first hurricane since reliable satellite observation began in 1966.^{[54] [55]}
• August 24 – A squall with gale-force winds struck The Gambia, killing two people and damaging hundreds of buildings.^[56]
• August 27 - September 3 – Typhoon Dujuan struck the Chinese province of Guangdong while also affecting the Philippines and Taiwan, resulting in 44 deaths.^{[57] [50]}
• August 27 - September 10 – Hurricane Fabian became the strongest hurricane to hit Bermuda since 1963, while also producing high waves along the eastern coastline of North America. Fabian caused eight deaths as well as US$300 million in damage, the most destructive storm on Bermuda since 1926.^{[58] [59]}

September

• September 1 - November 30 – Wildfires in the U.S. state of California killed 22 people, with damage estimated at US$3.9 billion.^[26]
• September 5 - 16 – Typhoon Maemi was the strongest typhoon to make landfall in South Korea since records began in 1904. Maemi also affected Japan, with 120 fatalities along its path.^{[60] [61]}
• September 6 - 20 – Hurricane Isabel became a Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale before weakening and striking the U.S. state of North Carolina, resulting in 51 deaths across the eastern United States.^[62]
• September 18 - 24 – Hurricane Marty hit Mexico's Baja California peninsula, killing 12 people.^[63]
• September 24 - 29 – Hurricane Juan made landfall in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, becoming the strongest hurricane to hit Halifax since 1893. Juan killed eight people across Atlantic Canada.^[64]

October

• October 1 - 6 – Tropical Storm Larry hit the Mexican state of Tabasco, causing five deaths.^[65]
• October 6 - 10 – A depression in the Bay of Bengal moved ashore eastern India, killing 21 people.^[33]
• October 9 – A lightning strike on a school in Bikoro, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killed 11 people, with 85 injured.^[66]
• October 10 - 13 – A subtropical low moved through Japan, resulting in four deaths.^[67]
• October 14 - November 14 – Floods in Vietnam, related to two heavy rainfall events, killed at least 103 people.^[2]
• October 21 - 24 – Tropical Depression Ursula killed one person while moving through the Philippines.^[68]
• October 29 - November 5 – Severe Tropical Storm Melor, known locally as Viring, moved through the Philippines, causing four fatalities.^[69]

November

• November 2 – Flash floods in Indonesia killed at least 180 people in the tourist town of Bukit Lawang, after 450 buildings were swept away.^{[70] [71] [72]}
• November 11 - 19 – Typhoon Nepartak, known locally as Weng, crossed the central Philippines, killing 13 people.^[73]
• November 14 - December – Floods in the Dominican Republic killed at least ten people.^[74]

December

• December – Monsoonal floods killed more than 200 people in the Philippines.^[75]
• December – Intense rainfall across Colombia produced flash floods and landslides that killed 42 deaths.^[76]
• December 4 - 9 – Tropical Storm Odette caused ten fatalities when it struck the Dominican Republic. Odette was the first recorded December Atlantic tropical storm in the Caribbean.^[77]
• December 11 - 16 – A cyclonic storm made landfall in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, resulting in 83 fatalities.^[33]
• December 20 - 22 – Floods in Haiti killed 38 people.^[78]
• December 28 - 30 – A winter storm in Utah killed at least two people from traffic accidents.^[79]

Notes and References

1. Web site: El Niño/Southern Oscillation for Annual 2003. January 2004. National Centers for Environmental Information. November 18, 2023.
2. UNICEF. Central Viet Nam devastated by repeated storms, floods. November 28, 2003. ReliefWeb. November 19, 2023.
3. Did European temperatures in 1540 exceed present-day records?. November 15, 2016. Rene Orth, Martha M Vogel, Jürg Luterbacher, Christian Pfister, and Sonia I Seneviratne. Environmental Research Letters. 11. 11.
4. Human Cost of Disasters: An Overview of the Last 20 Years 2000-2019. United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. November 6, 2023. PDF.
5. Web site: Europe Awaits Record-Smashing June Heat Wave. Weather Underground. Bob Henson. June 20, 2019. November 6, 2023.
6. Web site: U.S. Annual Tornado Maps (1952–2011): 2003 Tornadoes. Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 14, 2015.
7. Web site: 2002 Tropical Cyclone ZOE (2002358S08185). IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. 2023-11-02. ibtracs.unca.edu.
8. Web site: 2002 Severe Tropical Storm DELFINA (2002364S16045). IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. 2023-11-02. ibtracs.unca.edu.
9. Web site: Storms by Year and Basin. 2003. IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. 2023-11-06. ibtracs.unca.edu.
10. Web site: Storms by Year and Basin. 2004. IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. 2023-11-06. ibtracs.unca.edu.
11. Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Severe Tropical Cyclone Inigo. October 31, 2023.
12. PDF. Japan Meteorological Agency. November 6, 2023. Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo Japan Meteorological Agency 2003.
13. Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2003. June 1, 2005 . Miles B. Lawrence . Lixion A. Avila . John L. Beven . James L. Franklin . Richard J. Pasch . Stacy R. Stewart. Monthly Weather Review.
14. Beven. John L.. Avila, Lixion A. . Franklin, James L. . Lawrence, Miles B. . Pasch, Richard J.. Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2003. Stewart, Stacy R.. Monthly Weather Review. May 2005. 133. 5. 1403–1414. 10.1175/MWR2917.1. 2005MWRv..133.1403B. free.
15. News: Portugal forest fire death toll hits 19. Reuters. November 19, 2023. ReliefWeb.
16. ACT alert Bangladesh, India and Nepal 01/2003 - Cold spell claims more than 740 lives. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. March 13, 2003. November 18, 2023. ReliefWeb.
17. Web site: Canberra Bushfire 2003. November 19, 2023. Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience.
18. Tropical Cyclone Seasonal Summary 2002-2003 season . RSMC Nadi — Tropical Cyclone Centre . January 3, 2012 . Fiji Meteorological Service . October 1, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081001150746/http://www.met.gov.fj/documents/TC_Seasonal_Summary_02-031190690457.pdf . August 29, 2007 . dead .
19. Web site: Padgett, Gary. Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary February 2003. 2013-05-03.
20. Web site: Bolivia: Hail and Rainstorm - Information Bulletin n° 1. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. January 25, 2003. November 18, 2023. ReliefWeb.

    February

    • February 5 - 15 – Cyclone Gerry passed near Mauritius, killing one person.^[19]
21. News: CNN. Winter storm paralyzes much of East Coast. February 17, 2003. November 6, 2023.
22. News: 2003-04-02. Africa News. Government Reports On Disasters. (accessed via Lexis Nexis on August 16, 2012)
23. News: Africa News. 2003-08-01. Zimbabwe; Elaborate Disaster Preparedness Plan Needed. AllAfrica, Inc. (accessed via Lexis Nexis on August 16, 2012)
24. News: Man drowns in WA floods. March 3, 2003. The Sydney Morning Herald. November 1, 2023.
25. News: Cyclone Erica causes death, injuries and heavy damage in New Caledonia. Radio New Zealand. March 15, 2003.
26. Web site: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/events/US/2003?disasters[=all-disasters U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters 2003]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). November 6, 2023.
27. Storm Event Report for Tropical Storm in Micronesia on April 10, 2003. NCDC Storm Events. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 30 October 2013. National Climatic Data Center. Micronesia. April 10, 2003.
28. Web site: Digital Typhoon: Weather Disaster Report (2003-936-04). Digital Typhoon Weather Disaster Database. National Institute of Informatics. 6 October 2013. KITAMOTO Asanobu. Japanese.
29. Web site: National Climatic Data Center. 2003. Tropical Storm Ana Event Report. 2007-12-15. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110520001315/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~489312. 2011-05-20.
30. https://reliefweb.int/report/argentina/floods-increase-woes-dispossessed-argentineans
31. News: Argentina declares flood disaster. BBC. May 1, 2003. November 6, 2023.
32. Hamill . Thomas M. . Schneider . Russell S. . Brooks . Harold E. . Forbes . Gregory S. . Bluestein . Howard B. . Steinberg . Michael . Meléndez . Daniel . Dole . Randall M. . The May 2003 Extended Tornado Outbreak . Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society . April 2005 . 86 . 4 . 531–542 . 10.1175/BAMS-86-4-531 . American Meteorological Society. 2005BAMS...86..531H . 122031474 . free .
33. MAUSAM. 55. 3. July 2004. Cyclones and depressions over north Indian Ocean during 2003. N. Jayanthi. A. B. Mazumdar. S. Sunitha Devi. 2014-04-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006105319/http://www.imdchennai.gov.in/Mausamcw/2003.pdf. 2014-10-06. dead.
34. Lareef Zubair. Natural Hazards. 33. 3. 2004. May 2003 Disaster in Sri Lanka and Cyclone 01-B in the Bay of Bengal. 303–318. 2014-04-25. 10.1023/b:nhaz.0000048462.21938.d6. 128560863. https://web.archive.org/web/20140508215408/http://water.columbia.edu/files/2011/11/Zubair2004Disaster.pdf. 2014-05-08. live.
35. News: World Socialist Web Site. International Committee of the Fourth International. Nearly one million left homeless by Sri Lankan floods. 2003-05-27. 2014-04-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006153720/http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2003/05/sril-m27.html. 2014-10-06. live.
36. Web site: Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary May 2003. Summaries and Track Data. Australiansevereweather.com. 6 October 2013. Padgett, Gary. Boyle, Kevin. Chunliang, Huang. May 2003.
37. National Disaster Coordinating Council. 2003. 2013-02-01. Aftermath report for the Philippines.
38. Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. 2008-09-27. 2013-02-02. Water Resources of Korea. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120213225749/http://portal.worldwaterforum5.org/wwf5/en-us/worldregions/Asia-Pacific/Northeast%20Asia%20Sub-Region/Consultation%20Library/27Sep08_Northeast%20Mt_Korea.pdf. 2012-02-13.
39. News: Staff Writer. 2003-06-30. Tropical Storm Carlos kills seven in Mexico. Deutsche Presse-Agentur.
40. News: Staff Writer. 2003-06-23. Tropical Storm Carlos dissipates after causing minor damage along Mexico's southern Pacific coast. Associated Press.
41. Web site: Lixion A. Avila. 2003. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL032003_Bill}} Tropical Storm Bill Tropical Cyclone Report]. National Hurricane Center. May 22, 2015.
42. Web site: [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL042003_Claudette}} Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Claudette]. PDF. Jack Beven. September 9, 2003. National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2015.
43. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. Sudan: Floods in Kassala State Appeal No. 19/2003 interim final report. ReliefWeb. February 18, 2004.
44. Web site: Trop. Storm "Gilas". Tropical Cyclone Track. Philippine Department of Science and Technology. December 27, 2013. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Manila, Philippines.
45. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration . Super Typhoon "Harurot" (19 to 23 July 2003) . 2013-10-05 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131014133604/http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/track308.htm . 14 October 2013 .
46. Hong Kong Observatory. Typhoon Imbudo (0307) : 17-25 July 2003. 2013-10-06. 2013-10-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20131015014703/http://www.weather.gov.hk/publica/tc/tc2003/pdf/section3_2.pdf. dead.
47. Web site: Kevin Boyle. Gary Padgett. Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary July 2003. 2013-10-05.
48. Web site: Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2003. Summaries and Track Data. Australiansevereweather.com. 2 November 2013. Padgett, Gary. Boyle, Kevin. Chunliang, Huang. October 2003.
49. Digital Typhoon. Typhoon 200310 (Etau). 2013-11-04.
50. Tropical Cyclones in 2003. Hong Kong Observatory. 15 November 2013. Hong Kong, China. 26, 50–56. April 2004. 30 September 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130930211527/http://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/tc/tc2003.pdf. dead.
51. News: Two die in Typhoon Krovanh rampage. August 25, 2003. Xinhua News Agency. Guangzhou, China.
52. News: Typhoon Kronvanh kills one, injures five in Vietnam. August 26, 2003. Deutsche Presse-Agentur. Vietnam.
53. Web site: Franklin. 2003. Hurricane Erika Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center. May 22, 2015. PDF. September 30, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150930105114/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL082003_Erika.pdf. live.
54. Web site: RA IV Hurricane Committee . . Final Report of the Twenty-Sixth Session . 33, 77 . 2004 . August 10, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060921123239/http://www.wmo.int/web/www/TCP/Reports/HC26-English.pdf . September 21, 2006.
55. Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres. March 2004. Informe de la Temporada de Ciclones Tropicales del 2003. El Secretario de Gobernación de Mexico. January 1, 2022. Spanish.
56. Gambia: Squall in Upper River Division - Information Bulletin n° 1. September 1, 2003. ReliefWeb. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. November 19, 2023.
57. National Disaster Coordinating Council Office of Civil Defense Operations Center. Destructive Typhoons 1970-2003. 2013-10-14.
58. Web site: Richard J. Pasch . Eric S. Blake . Daniel P. Brown . 2003-11-19. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL102003_Fabian}} Hurricane Fabian Tropical Cyclone Report]. National Hurricane Center. May 22, 2015.
59. Web site: Jessica Blunden . 2006-10-17 . National Climatic Data Center . Global Hazards and Significant Events September 2003 . 2010-04-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100417083231/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/index.php?report=hazards&year=2003&month=sep . dead . 2010-04-17 .
60. Guy Carpenter . Typhoon Maemi Loss Report 2003 . 2013-10-18 . PDF . https://web.archive.org/web/20131019163654/http://gcportal.guycarp.com/portal/extranet/popup/pdf/GCPub/GC%20Typhoon%20Maemi%20report.pdf?vid=1 . 2013-10-19 . dead .
61. Digital Typhoon. Typhoon 200314 (Maemi). 2013-10-18. https://archive.today/20131018152747/http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=200314&basin=wnp&lang=en. 2013-10-18. dead.
62. Web site: Jack Beven . Hugh Cobb . 2003. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL132003_Isabel}} Hurricane Isabel Tropical Cyclone Report]. National Hurricane Center. May 22, 2015.
63. Web site: [{{NHC TCR url|id=EP132003_Marty}} Hurricane Marty Tropical Cyclone Report ]. 2006-07-04 . Franklin, James L. . James Franklin (meteorologist) . 2015-05-22 . National Hurricane Center.
64. Web site: Hurricane Juan Storm Summary. Chris. Fogarty. 2003. Canadian Hurricane Centre. Environment Canada. 2006-11-20. 2007-12-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20071201101308/http://www.novaweather.net/Hurricane_Juan_files/Juan_Summary.pdf. live.
65. Web site: Stacy Stuart. 2003. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL172003_Larry}} Tropical Storm Larry Tropical Cyclone Report]. National Hurricane Center. May 22, 2015.
66. News: Lightning strike kills 11 in Congo. October 14, 2003. The New Zealand Herald. November 19, 2023.
67. Web site: Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary October 2003. Summaries and Track Data. Australiansevereweather.com. October 27, 2013. Padgett, Gary. Boyle, Kevin. Chunliang, Huang. October 2003.
68. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Tropical Depression "Ursula" (23 to 24 October 2003). November 8, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131220114259/http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/track321.htm. December 20, 2013.
69. NASA Earth Observatory. Flooding in Luzon, The Philippines. November 11, 2003. November 11, 2013.
70. News: August 31, 2006. Indonesia: Bahorok flood victims get houses after three years of living in camps. Jakarta Post. ReliefWeb. Apriadi Gunawan. November 19, 2023.
71. News: Associated Press. 75 Die In Indonesia Resort Flood. November 4, 2003. November 19, 2023.
72. News: November 30, 2003. Indonesia: Flood death toll at 239. Laksamana.Net. ReliefWeb.
73. Tropical Storm Weng. January 31, 2013. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. https://archive.today/20130416100729/http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/track323.htm. dead. April 16, 2013.
74. Dominican Republic - Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 1. November 26, 2003. November 19, 2023. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. ReliefWeb.
75. News: Death toll in Philippine landslides rises to 200. Xinhua. December 29, 2003. November 18, 2023. ReliefWeb.
76. Colombia: Floods - Information Bulletin n° 1. December 16, 2003. November 19, 2023. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. ReliefWeb.
77. Web site: James Franklin. 2003. [{{NHC TCR url|id=AL202003_Odette}} Tropical Storm Odette Tropical Cyclone Report]. National Hurricane Center. May 22, 2015.
78. Haiti: Floods - Information Bulletin n° 2. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. December 29, 2003. November 18, 2023. ReliefWeb.
79. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5328121