Weather of 1985 explained

The following is a list of weather events that occurred on Earth in the year 1985. The year began with a La Niña.^[1] The most common weather events to have a significant impact are blizzards, cold waves, droughts, heat waves, wildfires, floods, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones. The deadliest weather event of the year was the Ethiopia famine, which killed at least 400,000.^[2] The costliest weather event of the year was Hurricane Juan, which caused around $1.5 billion in damages in the Southern United States.^[3] Another significant weather event was the Bangladesh cyclone in May, which killed 11,069 people and damaged nearly 100,000 houses.^[4]

Deadliest events

Deadliest meteorological events during 1985

Rank	Event	Date(s)	Deaths	Refs
1	Ethiopian famine	Year long	>400,000
2	Bangladesh cyclone	May 22–25	11,069
3	Typhoon Cecil	October 11–17	770	^[5]
4	Arrow Air Flight 1285R icing	December 12	256	^[6]
5	Typhoon Jeff	July 21 – August 2	245
6	Typhoon Nelson	August 16–25	199–202	^[7]
7	Puerto Rico floods	October 6–7	180	^[8]
8	Delta Air Lines Flight 191 microburst	August 2	137	^[9]
9	United States–Canada tornado outbreak	May 31	89	^[10]
10	Typhoon Dot	October 13–22	83–90	^[11]

Timeline

January

• January 12–22 – Two cyclones, Eric and Nigel, make landfall within a week of each other in Fiji. Between 23 and 28 people were killed and at least $39 million in damages were caused.^{[12] [13]}

February

• February 1 – A winter storm in Alabama kills four people and builds up of ice, the largest amount since 1963.^[14]

March

• March 2–9 – Cyclone Gavin kills three people in Fiji.^[15]
• March 17 – An F3 tornado passes through Venice, Florida kills two people and causes $25 million in damages.^[16]

April

• April 5 – An F2 tornado near Tilden, Illinois kills one person.
• April 9 – Two tornadoes, one in Foshan, China and the other in Huaihua, kill 16 and 34 respectively.^[17]
• April 21 – An F3 tornado in Throckmorton County, Texas kills three people.
• April 28 – In Taylor County, Texas, an F2 tornado kills one.

May

• May 22–25 – A cyclone makes landfall in Bangladesh, killing 11,069 people and damaging nearly 100,000 houses.
• May 29 – An FU tornado in Kornos, Cyprus kills one person.^[18]
• May 30 – A long-tracked tornadoes passes through Elkader, Iowa killing two and injuring 25.
• May 31 – June 1 – A historic tornado outbreak involving 44 tornadoes caused 89 deaths and over $600 million in property damage across Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario.
  • 12 people are killed and over 80 are injured in an F4 tornado in Albion, Pennsylvania
  • Another long-track F4 tornado kills 16 and injuries 125 in Crawford and Venango counties, Pennsylvania.
  • An F5 tornado tracks through Niles, Ohio and Wheatland, Pennsylvania, killing 18 people and injuring over 300.
  • An F4 tornado in Barrie, Ontario kills eight people and injuries over 100.^[19]

June

• June 8 – A long tracked F3 tornado in northern Wisconsin kills three people and causes $25 million in damages.
• June 8 – An F1 tornado in Menominee County, Michigan kills one person.
• June 19–27 – Typhoon Hal causes between 38 and 68 deaths in the Philippines, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.
• June 23 – July 1 – Between 49 and 89 people are killed and $80 million in damages are caused by Typhoon Irma in the Philippines and Japan.

July

• July 21 – August 2 – Typhoon Jeff brings the heaviest rain to Shanghai in 23, killing 245 in China.
• July 21–26 – Hurricane Bob leaves five dead in the Southern United States.^{[20] [21] [22]}
• July 31 – August 10 – Flooding from Typhoon Kit kills twelve people in South Korea.

August

• August 2 – While on approach to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, a microburst impacted Delta Air Lines Flight 191, killing 136 on board and one more on the ground died.
• August 3 – An F1 tornado in Bari, Italy kills one person.
• August 9–14 – Tropical Storm Lee kills 26 people in the Korean peninsula.
• August 12 – An F2 tornado passes near New Lisbon, Wisconsin, killing two.
• August 12–18 – Hurricane Danny kills five people along the Gulf Coast and the East Coast of the United States.^[23]
• August 15–21 – Typhoon Mamie is responsible for between 35 and 44 deaths in Eastern China.
• August 16 – An F2 tornado in Parrish, Alabama kills one.
• August 16–25 – Typhoon Nelson kills at least 199 people in Taiwan and Eastern China.
• August 24 – September 2 – Typhoon Pat kills 23 people in Japan.
• August 28 – September 4 – Hurricane Elena kills nine people and caused $1.3 billion in damages in the Southern United States.^{[24] [25] [26] [27] [28]}

September

• September 1–9 – Typhoon Tess leaves up to five dead in the Philippines and Hong Kong.
• September 16–27 – 14 people are killed and $900 million in damages are caused by Hurricane Gloria in the East Coast of the United States.^[29]
• September 22 – October 2 – Tropical Storm Andy kills 46 people in Vietnam.
• September 30 – October 5 – 71 people are killed in East Asia from Typhoon Brenda.

October

• October 6–7 – Flooding in Puerto Rico from a tropical wave kills 180.
• October 7–9 – Flooding from Hurricane Waldo in Kansas kills one person.^[30]
• October 11–17 – Typhoon Cecil kills 770 people in Vietnam and Thailand and damages or destroys 130,000 homes.
• October 13–22 – Between 83 and 90 people are killed and 250,000 homes are damaged or destroyed by Typhoon Dot in the Philippines and Southeast Asia.
• October 26 – November 1 – Hurricane Juan kills twelve people and causes $1.5 billion in damages across the Gulf Coast and interior United States.^[31]

November

• November 3–8 – Flooding in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States kills 62 people and causes $1.4 billion in damages.
• November 15–23 – Hurricane Kate leaves 15 dead in Florida and Cuba while being one of only three hurricanes to make landfall in Florida in November.^[32]
• November 18 – In Marion County and Baxter County, Arkansas, an F3 tornado kills three people causes $25 million in damages.

December

• December 12 – Arrow Air Flight 1285R crashed shortly after takeoff from Gander International Airport, killing of 256 on board. Cold weather caused ice to build up on the wings of the DC-8, causing it to stall and crash into the forest.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Cold & Warm Episodes by Season . Climate Prediction Center . 21 July 2023.
2. Web site: Gill . Peter . Famine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid . SaHistory . 29 July 2023 . 16 May 2018.
3. Web site: Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters . National Centers for Environmental Information . 29 July 2023.
4. Web site: Khan . Sirajur Rahman . Damen . Michiel . CYCLONE HAZARD IN BANGLADES . ADPC . 29 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071119115544/http://www.adpc.net/casita/Case_studies/Coastal%20hazard%20assessment/Modelling%20cyclone%20hazard%20in%20Bangladesh/Background_information_on_the_storm_surge_modelling.pdf . 19 November 2007 . dead.
5. Web site: Meteorological Results 1985 . 29 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180921160035/http://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/tc/tc1985.pdf . 21 September 2018 . Hong Kong Royal Observatory . dead.
6. Web site: AVIATION OCCURRENCE REPORT ARROW AIR INC. DOUGLAS DC-8-63 N950JW GANDER INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, NEWFOUNDLAND 12 DECEMBER 1985 REPORT NUMBER 85-H50902 . Canadian Aviation Safety Board . 29 July 2023 . 28 October 1988.
7. Web site: 1985 Annual tropical cyclone report . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . 29 July 2023.
8. Web site: Storm Data 1985 . National Centers for Environmental Information . 29 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210225053658/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-FFD73DD3-85D6-4BE0-A322-5A189D836363.pdf . 25 February 2021 . dead.
9. News: Delta Crash Toll Hits 137 . 29 July 2023 . SunSentinel . 4 October 1985 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180712025412/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-10-04/news/8502130006_1_parkland-memorial-hospital-crash-injuries . 12 July 2018.
10. Web site: May 31, 1985 Tornado Outbreak: 35th Anniversary. National Weather Service . 29 July 2023 . 31 May 2020.
11. Web site: DESTRUCTIVE TYPHOONS 1970-2003 . National Disaster Coordinating Council Office of Civil Defense Operations Center . 29 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110917075147/http://baseportal.com/cgi-bin/baseportal.pl?htx=/miso/typhoons&range=80,20 . 17 September 2011.
12. Web site: Disaster Case Report, Fiji - Cyclones . Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance . 30 July 2023.
13. Web site: SUMMARY OF MAJOR DISASTER IN FIJI 1985 . Office of U.S. . 30 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075616/http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/original/FJI_NDMO_2010_disaster_summry.pdf . 4 March 2016.
14. News: Murray . Bill . Today in Weather History: The Terrible 1985 North Alabama Ice Storm . 2 October 2023 . AlabamaWx . 1 February 2017.
15. Prasad, Rajendra. Preliminary Report: Tropical Cyclone Gavin. Fiji Meteorological Service. 11 April 1985.
16. Web site: Storm Events Database . National Centers for Environmental Information . 14 August 2023.
17. Web site: 1949～1990年中国龙卷风灾害事件表 . 14 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220822184219/http://www.doczj.com/doc/0615626671.html . 22 August 2022 . zh.
18. Web site: European Severe Weather Database . European Severe Storms Laboratory . 14 August 2023.
19. Web site: Deadly Skies: Canada's Most Destructive Tornadoes . CBC Digital Archives . 20 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080609222009/http://archives.cbc.ca/environment/extreme_weather/topics/1713-11757/ . 9 June 2008 . 3 June 1985.
20. Preliminary Report: Hurricane Bob 21-26 July 1985. Miles B. Lawrence. 8 August 1985. National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Miami, Florida. 2. 2 October 2023.
21. Web site: Late Twentieth Century . Weather Prediction Center . 2 October 2023.
22. Chapter 8: Civil Works. https://web.archive.org/web/20121011224940/http://www.history.army.mil/books/DAHSUM/1985/ch08.htm. 11 October 2012 . Department of the Army Historical Summary . 2 October 2023.
23. Preliminary Report: Hurricane Danny 12-18 August 1985. Robert C. Sheets . 18 September 1985. National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Miami, Florida. 2. 2 October 2023.
24. News: Rowley . Storer . Hirsley . Michael . HURRICANE THRASHES GULF STATES . 2 October 2023 . Chicago Tribune . 3 September 1985.
25. News: Associated Press. Elena roars ashore. 2 September 1985. The Spokane Chronicle. 2 October 2023.
26. News: Associated Press. Heavy rain in Ark; record heat in east. 5 September 1985. The Gainesville Sun . 2 October 2023 .
27. News: United Press International. 3 September 1985. The Courier. Guardsmen patrol in the wake of Hurricane Elena. 2 October 2023 .
28. Barnes, p. 255
29. News: 30th Anniversary of Hurricane Gloria . 2 October 2023 . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . 28 September 2023.
30. News: One killed in flooding across the state. Junction City Daily Union. 1 October 2023. 11 October 1985.
31. Annual Summmary: Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1985. Robert A. Case . National Hurricane Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Miami, Florida. 2 October 2023.
32. News: Tropical Depression Nicole topples Florida homes after making landfall as hurricane . 2 October 2023 . CBS News . 10 November 2023.