List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War explained

The Lebanese Civil War was a multi-sided military conflict that pitted a variety of local irregular militias, both Muslim and Christian, against each other between 1975 and 1990. A wide variety of weapons were used by the different armies and factions operating in the Lebanese Civil War. Combatants included:

• the leftist-Muslim militias of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) coalition (1975 – 1982):
  • the Sunni Muslim Independent Nasserite Movement's Al-Mourabitoun militia (1975 – 1988);
  • the Sunni Muslim Popular Nasserist Organization's National Liberation Army (NLA) militia (1975 – 1991);
  • the Sunni Muslim Toilers League's Zafer el-Khatib Forces (ZKF) militia (1974 – 1991);
  • the Druze Progressive Socialist Party's People's Liberation Army (Druze PLA) militia (1975 – 1991);
  • the Sixth of February Movement militia (1975 – 1986);
  • the Union of Working People's Forces's (UWPF) Victory Divisions militia (1965 – 1990);
  • the Union of Working People's Forces-Corrective Movement's (UWPF-CM) Nasser's Forces militia (1975 – 1990);
  • the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon (OCAL) militia (1975 – 1991);
  • the Lebanese Communist Party's Popular Guard militia (1970 – 2000);
  • the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's Assad Battalion militia (1966 – present);
  • the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) militia (1932 – present);
  • the Najjadeh Party militia (1936 – present);
  • the Shia Muslim Knights of Ali militia (1967 – 1976);
  • the Muslim Lebanese Arab Army (LAA), dissident faction of the Lebanese Army (1976 – 1977);
• the rightist-Christian militias of the Lebanese Front coalition (1976 – 1980):
  • the Christian Kataeb Regulatory Forces (KRF) militia (1961 – 1980);
  • the Christian Al-Tanzim militia (1969 – 1990);
  • the Christian Guardians of the Cedars (GoC) militia (1974 – 2000);
  • the Christian Tigers Militia (a.k.a. Al-Noumour, Noumour Al-Ahrar, Noumours, NLP Tigers) militia (1968 – 1991);
  • the Christian Zgharta Liberation Army (ZLA, a.k.a. Al-Marada, Marada Brigade, Mardaite Brigade) militia (1967 – 1991);
  • the Christian Tyous Team of Commandos (TTC, a.k.a. "Tyous" for short, also translated as the "Stubborn Ones" or "Les Têtus", "Les Obstinés") militia (1975 – 1985);
  • the Christian Lebanese Youth Movement (LYM, a.k.a. Maroun Khoury Group – MKG) militia (1975 – 1977);
  • the Christian Young Men militia (1978 – 1986);
  • the Christian Zahliote Group (ZG, a.k.a. Groupement Zahliote – GZ) militia (1975 – 1981);
  • the Christian Shuraya Party's Assyrian Battalion (AB) militia (1978 – 1981);
  • the Christian Maronite Monks militia (1975 – 1980);
  • the Christian Maronite League militia (1952 – present);
  • the Christian Army of Free Lebanon (AFL), dissident faction of the Lebanese Army (1976 – 1978);
  • the Druze Vanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad) (VMA – MDJ) militia (1976 – 1978);
• the Christian Lebanese Forces militia (LF), successor of the Lebanese Front and the KRF militia (1977 – 1994);
• the Christian Lebanese Forces – Executive Command (LFEC) militia, dissident faction of the LF (1985 – 1991);
• the Kurdish Democratic Party – Lebanon (KDP-L) militia (1975 – 1991);
• the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) urban guerrilla group (1975 – 1991);
• the Alawite Arab Democratic Party's Arab Red Knights (ARK) militia (1981 – 1991);
• the Shia Muslim Amal Movement militia (1975 – present);
• the Shia Muslim Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO) urban guerrilla group (1983 – 1992);
• the Shia Muslim Hezbollah guerrilla group (1985 – present);
• the Sunni Muslim Islamic Unification Movement (IUM, a.k.a. Al-Tawheed) militia (1982 – present);
• the United Nasserite Organization (UNO) guerrilla group (1986 – 1991);
• the Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Factions (LARF) urban guerrilla group (1979 – 1988);
• the Lebanese Liberation Front (LLF) urban guerrilla group (1987 – 1989);
• the Popular Revolutionary Resistance Organization (PRRO) urban guerrilla group (1987 – 1990);
• the Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners (FLLF) urban guerrilla group (1980 – 1983);
• the Liberation Battalion urban guerrilla group (1987 – 1988);
• the Sons of the South (SotS) guerrilla group (1983 – 1995);
• the South Lebanon Army (SLA) militia (1978 – 2000);
• the official Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and the Internal Security Forces (ISF), led by the Lebanese government;
• the mainstream Palestinian guerrilla factions of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the breakaway Rejectionist Front (present in Lebanon from 1968 to 1983);
• the Palestine Liberation Army (present in Lebanon from 1976 to 1990);
• the Syrian Army (present in Lebanon from 1976 to 2005);
• the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (present in Lebanon from 1978 to 2000);
• in between, a plethora of irregular Lebanese armed groups that emerged from the wrecks of both the LNM and the Lebanese Front alliances, after their collapse in the early 1980s.

Weapons and equipment

The list below comprises all the weapons and equipment employed by the LNM, Lebanese Front, LAA, AFL, LF, IUM, Hezbollah, Al-Mourabitoun, NLA, Druze PLA, SLA, LAF, ISF, and lesser Lebanese groups (note: the Syrian Army, PLO, Palestinian PLA and IDF are not included on this list).

Pistols and revolvers

• Smith & Wesson Model 10 revolver
• Smith & Wesson Model 13 revolver
• Smith & Wesson Model 14 revolver
• Smith & Wesson Model 15 revolver
• Smith & Wesson Model 17 revolver
• Smith & Wesson Model 19 revolver
• Colt Single Action Army second generation revolver
• Colt Cobra .38 Special snub-nose revolver^[1]
• Mauser C96 "broomhandle" pistol^[2]
• Mauser HSc pistol^[2]
• Mauser M2 semi-automatic handgun^[2]
• Luger pistol^[2]
• Walther P38 pistol^{[3] [2]}
• Walther PPK pistol^[4]
• Heckler & Koch VP70 pistol^[2]
• Heckler & Koch P7 pistol^[2]
• Heckler & Koch P9 pistol^[2]
• SIG P210 pistol^[2]
• SIG-Sauer P220 and P225 pistols^[2]
• Astra A-80 pistol^[2]
• Astra A-90 pistol^[2]
• Astra A-100 pistol^[2]
• Llama M82 pistol^[2]
• Star A, B, B Super, and P pistols^[2]
• Star 30M pistol^[2]
• Star Ultrastar, Firestar and Megastar pistols^[2]
• Taurus PT92, PT99, and PT100 pistols^[2]
• Beretta M1951 pistol^[2]
• Beretta 85, 86, 87 and 89 pistols^[2]
• MAB PA-15 pistol^[2]
• Colt M1911A1 Semi-Automatic Pistol^{[5] [2]}
• Para-Ordnance P14-45 (Canadian-produced version of the M1911A1 pistol)^[2]
• FN Browning M1910 and M1922 pistols^[2]
• FN Browning Hi-Power pistol^{[6] [7]}
• FN Browning BDM pistol^[2]
• FN Browning BDA380 pistol^[2]
• FN Browning HP-DA/BDA9 pistol^[2]
• Tokarev TT-33 pistol^[2]
• Makarov PM/PMM pistol^[2]
• CZ 52 pistol^[2]
• CZ 75 pistol^[2]
• CZ 82/83 pistol^[2]
• CZ 85 pistol^[2]

Submachine guns

• MP 40
• PPD-40^[8]
• PPSh-41^[9]
• Beretta M38/44 Found in a weapon cache.
• M1A1 Thompson
• Crvena Zastava Automat M56 (Yugoslavian-produced submachine gun similar in design to the German MP 40)
• MAT-49
• OTs-02 Kiparis
• Sa 25/26^[10]
• PM-63 RAK^[11]
  • Sten Mk V Sterling L2A3/Mark 4 submachine gun
• L34A1/Mk.5 Sterling-Patchett (sound-suppressed version of the Sterling L2A3)^[12]
• Carl Gustaf m/45 (or its Egyptian-produced version, dubbed the "Port Said")
• Škorpion vz. 61^{[13] [14]}
• Spectre M4
• Walther MPL
• Beretta Model 12^[5]
• Steyr MPi 69 (Austrian-produced submachine gun similar in design to the Israeli Uzi)
• Uzi (MP-2, Mini Uzi, and Micro Uzi variants)
• MAC-10 Machine pistol
• MAC-11 Machine pistol (sub-compact version of the MAC-10)
• Heckler & Koch MP5
• Heckler & Koch MP5K (shortened version of the MP5)

Bolt-action rifles

• Lee–Enfield SMLE Mk III
• Pattern 1914 Enfield
• Lebel Model 1886 rifle^[15]
• Berthier 1907/15 - M16 Lebel rifle^[15]
• Berthier 1892 M16 cavalry carbine
• MAS-36 rifle^[15]
• Mauser Model 1888 commission rifle
• Mauser Gewehr 98
• Mauser Karabiner 98k
• Mannlicher M1895 infantry rifle
• Mosin–Nagant

Semi-automatic rifles

• MAS-49 and MAS-49/56 rifles^[16]
• M1 Garand (or its Italian-produced copy, the Beretta Model 1952)^[17]
• SKS^[18]
• Vz. 52 rifle^{[19] [18]}
• M14 rifle^[20]
• Beretta BM 59 (Italian-produced semi-automatic rifle similar in design to the M14)

Carbines

• M2 carbine^[21]
• CAR-15 carbine^[7]
• SIG SG 543 carbine^{[22] [23]}

Assault rifles and Battle Rifles

• Sturmgewehr 44 assault rifle
• AK-47 assault rifle^[24] (other variants included the AKM,^[18] the Hungarian AK-63, the Yugoslav Zastava M70^[25] and Zastava M80, the Polish PMK-DGN-60, Chinese Type 56 and Type 56-1, North Korean Type 58 and Type 68, the Romanian Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965^{[26] [27]} and AIM, Bulgarian AKK/AKKS, and former East German MPi-KM and MPi-KMS-72 assault rifles)^{[4] [13]}
• AK-74
• Vz. 58
• AMD-65
• FN FAL^{[28] [18] [29]}
• FN CAL^[30]
• ROMAT (Israeli-produced 'lightened' version of the FN FAL battle rifle)
• M16A1^{[31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [18] [29]}
• M16A2
• ArmaLite AR-18
• Norinco CQ
• CETME Model C (Spanish-produced assault rifle similar in design to the German Heckler & Koch G3)^[18]
• Heckler & Koch G3^{[36] [37] [38] [39] [18] [40]}
• Heckler & Koch HK33
• Heckler & Koch G41
• Heckler & Koch G53
• SIG SG 540 and SIG SG 542 assault rifles^{[41] [18]}

Sniper rifles

• Lee–Enfield SMLE Mk III (equipped with telescopic sights)^[42]
• FN FAL (equipped with telescopic sights)^[43]
• Heckler & Koch G3 (equipped with telescopic sights)^{[43] [44]}
• M16A1 (equipped with telescopic sights; not very effective)^[45]
• SIG SG 542 (equipped with telescopic sights)
• FR F1^[46]
• Dragunov SVD-63^{[47] [48] [49] [50]}
• Tabuk Sniper Rifle
• Zastava M76/M78
• M21 Sniper Weapon System^[50]
• M40 rifle
• Remington Model 700^[50]
• Savage 10FP/110FP^[50]
• PSL Sniper Rifle
• SSG 82
• Steyr SSG 69
• Enfield L42A1 (military version) and Enforcer (Police version) rifles^[50]
• Heckler & Koch PSG1^[50]
• PTRS-41 14.5mm anti-tank rifle (used for heavy sniping)

Shotguns

• Winchester Model 1200
• Mossberg 500 12-gauge (20.2 mm)
• Remington Model 870 Police Magnum 12-gauge (20.2 mm)
• Franchi SPAS-12 semi-automatic
• Franchi SPAS-15 semi-automatic

Light machine guns

• M1918A2 BAR
• Bren Mk. I .303 (7.7mm)
• RPK
• Zastava M77 (Yugoslav-produced version of the RPK)
• RPD^[1]
• DP-28
• FM 24/29
• Heckler & Koch HK21^[51]
  • FN FAL 50-41 Heavy Barrel (HB) MAKLEON (Israeli-produced version of the FN FAL 50-41 HB)

General-purpose machine guns

• MG 34^[52]
  • • MG 42 Rheinmetall MG 3 PK/PKM^[53]
• Type 80 (Chinese-produced version of the PK/PKM)
• Zastava M84 (Yugoslav-produced version of the PK/PKM)
• UK vz. 59
• Type 67
• AA-52 (mainly mounted on AML armoured cars and VAB APCs)^{[54] [55]}
• FN MAG^[56]
• M60^[37]

Medium machine gun and Heavy machine guns

• Besa Mark III 7.92mm (mounted on Technicals)
• Browning M1919A4 .30 Cal (mounted on Technicals, armoured cars, tanks, and APCs)^{[57] [58] [59]}
• SG-43/SGM Goryunov (mounted on Technicals, tanks and APCs)^[25]
• Type 53/57 (Chinese variant of the SG-43 and SGM)
• DShKM 12.7mm Heavy machine gun (mainly mounted on Technicals, tanks and APCs)^{[60] [59] [25]}
• Vz. 38/46 (Czechoslovakian variant of the DShKM)
• Type 54 (Chinese variant of the DShKM)^[61]
• Type 77 12.7mm Heavy machine gun
• NSV 12.7mm Heavy machine gun (taken off from disabled tanks and re-mounted on Technicals)
• Zastava M87 (Yugoslav variant of the NSV mounted on Technicals)
• KPV 14.5mm Heavy machine gun (mounted on Technicals)^[62]
• Browning M2HB .50 Cal (mounted on Technicals, tanks, and APCs)^{[32] [63] [64]}
• AN/M2 aircraft gun (version of the Browning M2HB mounted on Technicals and armoured cars)^[63]

Grenade systems

• Mark 2 "Pineapple" Fragmentation Hand/Rifle Grenade
  • M61 Fragmentation Hand Grenade M67 grenade
• M18 smoke grenade
• M5 grenade^[56]
• M26 grenade^[56]
• Type 67 stick granade^[65]
• F1 hand grenade
• RG-4 anti-personnel grenade^[48]
• RG-42 hand grenade
• RGD-5 hand grenade
• RPG-43 anti-tank grenade^[48]
  • RKG-3 anti-tank grenade PGN-60 anti-tank rifle grenade^[66]
• M60 rifle grenade^[67]
• AC58 rifle grenade
• APAV40 rifle grenade
• M52 rifle grenade
• STRIM 65 rifle grenade
• Mecar R1A1 Super Energa rifle grenade
• Mecar BTU rifle grenade
• FN Telgren rifle grenade

Land mine systems

• M18A1 Claymore anti-personnel mine
• M14 anti-personnel mine^[68]
• No. 3 anti-personnel mine^[68]
• No. 4/4A anti-personnel mine^[68]
• No. 4 enhanced anti-personnel mine^[68]
• No. 10 anti-personnel mine^[68]
• PMD-6/6M anti-personnel mine^[68]
• PMN 2 anti-personnel mine^[68]
• Type 72A/B anti-personnel mine^[68]
• GYATA 64 anti-personnel mine^[68]
• Mi Ap ID Mle 51 anti-personnel mine^[68]
• Mi Ap DV Mle 59 anti-personnel mine^[68]
• MAPS anti-personnel mine^[68]
• VS 50 anti-personnel mine^[68]
• PRB M35 anti-personnel mine^[68]
• TM-46/TMN-46 anti-tank mine^[69]
• TM-57 anti-tank mine^[69]
• TM-62M anti-tank mine^[69]
• TMA-3 anti-tank mine^[69]
• TMA-4 anti-tank mine^[69]
• TMA-5 anti-tank mine^[69]
• M6A1 anti-tank mine^[69]
• M7A1 anti-tank mine^[69]
• M15 anti-tank mine^[69]
• M19 anti-tank mine^[69]
• PRB M3 anti-tank mine^[69]
• Mk 7 anti-tank mine^[69]
• TC/6 anti-tank mine^[69]

Anti-tank rocket and grenade launchers

• M9A1 Bazooka 60 mm
• 88.9mm Instalaza M65 (Spanish improved variant of the US M20 "Super Bazooka" 3.5 inch)
• LRAC Mle 50 73 mm (French-produced anti-tank rocket launcher developed from the German Panzerschreck)^[70]
• RL-83 Blindicide anti-tank rocket launcher^[71]
• M72 LAW^{[12] [72]}
• M80 Zolja 64 mm (Yugoslav-produced anti-tank rocket launcher similar to the M72 LAW)
• RPG-2 rocket-propelled grenade launcher.^{[73] [74] [75]}
• RPG-7 rocket-propelled grenade launcher.^{[73] [74] [76] [77] [78]}
• Type 69 RPG rocket-propelled grenade launcher
  • M47 Dragon CMS B-300 83 mm reusable man-portable anti-tank weapon system
• ENTAC^{[79] [80]}
• MILAN (mounted on Technicals and M113 APCs)^{[81] [77] [82] [59] [83]}
• BGM-71 TOW (mounted on Technicals and M113 APCs)^{[84] [83]}
• AT-3 Sagger^[82]
• M203 grenade launcher^{[6] [12] [85]}
• M79 grenade launcher^[86]

Recoilless rifles

• Type 36 57 mm (Chinese-produced version of the shoulder-fired US M18 recoilless rifle)^[87]
• M2 Carl Gustaf 84 mm (shoulder-fired)
• M67 90 mm (shoulder-fired)
• B-10 82 mm (mounted on Technicals)^{[88] [59] [89]}
• B-11 107 mm (mounted on Technicals)^[90]
• SPG-9 73 mm (mounted on Technicals)^[91]
• Type 56 75 mm (Chinese variant of the US M20 recoilless rifle)^{[52] [92]}
• M40A1 106 mm (mounted on Technicals, M113, AMX-VCI, and VAB APCs)^{[93] [94] [59]}
• L6 Wombat 120 mm (mounted on Technicals)

Mortars

• Type E1 51 mm Light mortar
• L16 81mm mortar
• Thomson-Brandt MO-60-L 60 mm light mortar^[95]
• M224 60 mm lightweight mortar (LWCMS)
• M2 60 mm mortar^[31]
• M29 81 mm mortar^[96]
• 82-PM-41 82 mm mortar
• 2B14-1 Podnos 82 mm mortar
• M30 4.2 inch (106.7mm) mortar^[97]
• M1938 107 mm mortar^[98]
• Hotchkiss-Brandt TDA MO-120-RT-61 120 mm towed heavy mortar^{[31] [95]}
• 120-PM-38 (M-1938) 120 mm heavy mortar^[98]
• 120-PM-43 (M-1943) 120 mm heavy mortar^[31]
• Soltam M-65 120 mm heavy mortar (mostly mounted on M3/M9 half-tracks and modified M113 APCs)^{[31] [99] [100]}
• Soltam M-66 160 mm heavy mortar (mostly mounted on M3/M9 half-tracks and Makmat mortar carriers)^{[31] [101]}
• MT-13 (M1943) 160 mm heavy mortar^[98]
• 2S4 240 mm towed breech-loading heavy mortar^{[93] [98]}

Rocket and missile systems

• DKB Grad-P 122 mm Light portable rocket system^{[102] [103]}
• BM-11 122 mm multiple rocket launcher (North Korean 30-tube version of the BM-21 Grad mounted on an unlicensed copy of the Japanese-manufactured Isuzu HTS12G 2.5 ton truck)^{[73] [104] [105]}
• BM-13 122 mm multiple rocket launcher^{[73] [106]}
• BM-21 Grad 122 mm multiple rocket launcher^{[107] [108]}
• RL-21 (Sakr-36) 122 mm multiple rocket launcher (Egyptian 30-tube version of the BM-11 mounted on a Soviet-manufactured ZIL-157 general-purpose truck)^[109]
• APR-40/RO-40 128 mm multiple rocket launcher^{[110] [111]}
• Type 63 107 mm towed multiple rocket launcher (Chinese version of the BM-12 mounted on Technicals)^{[112] [59] [113]}
• Type 81 140 mm towed multiple rocket launcher (Chinese version of the BM-14 mounted on Technicals)^[112]
• FIM-43 Redeye surface-to-air missile
• SA-7 Grail surface-to-air missile^{[5] [114] [115] [116]}
• Frog-7 short-range artillery rocket^[117]
• SS.11 anti-tank missile (mounted on ACMAT TPK 4.20-NA12 trucks and Gazelle helicopter gunships)^[80]
• SS.12 anti-tank missile (mounted on ACMAT TPK 4.20-NA12 trucks and Gazelle helicopter gunships)
• HOT anti-tank missile (mounted on Gazelle helicopter gunships)
• SNEB 68 mm (2.7-inch) unguided rocket projectile (fired from locally-built eight-tube Multiple rocket launchers installed on Technicals)^{[73] [118]}
• Homebuilt short-range rockets (fired from an adapted ZPU-4 AA gun mount installed on Unimog light trucks)^[119]

Anti-tank guns

• ZiS-2 57 mm anti-tank gun^{[120] [121] [122]}
• ZiS-3 76.2mm anti-tank gun^[123]
• D-44 85 mm anti-tank gun^[124]
• D-48 85 mm towed anti-tank gun
• DEFA D921/GT-2 90 mm towed anti-tank gun (mounted on M3/M9 half tracks)^[125]

Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons

• M1939 (61-K) 37 mm anti-aircraft gun (mounted on Unimog light trucks)^[126]
• AZP S-60 57 mm anti-aircraft gun^[127]
• Bofors 40 mm L/60 anti-aircraft gun (mounted on cargo trucks and BTR-152 APCs)^{[127] [128] [129] [130] [131] [132]}
• M621 20 mm chain-fed cannon (fitted on Gazelle helicopter gunships)
• Zastava M55 A2 20 mm autocannon (mostly mounted on technicals, cargo trucks and M113 APCs)^{[133] [134] [135] [59] [136] [137]}
• Hispano-Suiza HS.661 30 mm autocannon^[138]
• ZPU (ZPU-1, ZPU-2, ZPU-4) 14.5mm autocannons (mostly mounted on technicals, M113 APCs and M3/M9 half tracks)^{[139] [140] [141] [142]}
• ZU-23-2 23 mm autocannon (mostly mounted on technicals, cargo trucks, M113 and BTR-152 APCs)^{[102] [130] [143] [144]}
• Type 85/YW 306 23 mm autocannon (Chinese-produced version of the ZU-23-2, mounted on technicals, cargo trucks and M113 APCs)

Howitzers

• QF Mk III 25-Pounder field gun^{[145] [137]}
• Soltam M-71 155 mm 39 caliber towed howitzer^[146]
• M101A1 105 mm towed field howitzer^{[147] [148]}
• M102 105 mm light towed field howitzer^[95]
• M114A1 155 mm towed field howitzer^{[97] [95]}
• Mle 1950 BF-50 155 mm howitzer^{[93] [32] [97] [95]}
• M198 155 mm howitzer^[95]
• FH-70 155 mm field howitzer
• M1938 (M-30) 122 mm howitzer^{[93] [95]}
• 2A18 (D-30) 122 mm howitzer^{[93] [149] [150]}
• M1944 (BS-3) 100 mm anti-tank and field gun
• M1954 (M-46) 130 mm towed field gun^{[151] [104]}
• Type 59-1 130 mm field gun (Chinese-made gun deriveted from the Soviet M-46)^{[97] [152]}
• M1955 (D-20) 152 mm towed gun-howitzer^[153]

Armoured vehicles

• AMX-13 light tank (75 mm, 90 mm, and 105 mm gun versions)^{[138] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [95] [80]}
• M41A3 Walker Bulldog light tank^{[138] [159] [160] [161] [162] [80] [163]}
• Sherman Firefly Mk Vc medium tank^[80]
• Sherman M-50 medium tank^{[164] [32] [165] [166] [167] [168]}
• T-34/85 medium tank^{[169] [170] [171] [172] [173]}
• T-54A, T-54B and T-55A main battle tanks^{[93] [32] [174] [175] [176] [177] [178] [179] [180] [95]}
  • T-62 main battle tank Ti-67 (Tiran 4 and Tiran 5) main battle tanks (Israeli-modified versions of the T-54/55)^{[181] [182] [183]}
• M48A1 and M48A5 main battle tanks^{[154] [184] [185] [186]}
• Charioteer tank destroyer^{[102] [187] [188] [189] [190] [80]}
• M42A1 Duster SPAAG^{[191] [159] [192] [193] [194] [195] [80] [196]}
• ZSU-23-4M1 Shilka SPAAG^{[107] [197] [198] [199] [200] [201] [202] [203] [204] [205]}
• Ferret armoured car^{[206] [207] [80]}
  • Shorland Mk 1 Patrol Car BRDM-2 amphibious armoured scout car
• Cadillac Gage V-100 Commando armoured car^{[159] [208] [209]}
• Staghound armoured car^{[138] [210] [211] [212] [213] [214] [80] [215] [216] [217]}
• Panhard AML-90 armoured car^{[138] [159] [218] [219] [220] [221] [80] [222] [95]}
• Alvis Saladin armoured car^{[154] [223] [224] [80] [225] [226]}
• IAI/Ramta RAM-2V Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle^{[227] [228]}
• IAI/Ramta RBY-2 Scout Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle^{[227] [228]}
• Bravia V-200 Chaimite armoured car^{[229] [230] [80]}
• UR-416 armoured car^{[231] [232] [233] [234] [235] [236]}
• BTR-152 armoured personnel carrier^{[129] [237] [238] [130] [239]}
• BTR-50PK amphibious armoured personnel carrier^[240]
• BTR-60PB armoured personnel carrier^{[241] [242] [243]}
• VAB armoured personnel carrier^{[154] [244] [245] [246] [95]}
• Alvis Saracen armoured personnel carrier^{[247] [223] [248] [80]}
• Panhard M3 VTT armoured personnel carrier^{[102] [249] [250] [221] [80] [251]}
• M3/M9 Zahlam half-track^{[252] [253] [254] [255]}
• M59 armored personnel carrier^[80]
• M113 armored personnel carrier and M113 ACAV^{[154] [32] [256] [257] [258] [259] [60] [260] [80]}
• AMX-VCI armoured personnel carrier^{[261] [155] [38] [262] [80] [168]}
• BMP-1 armoured personnel carrier^{[241] [263] [264] [265]}
• M577 command vehicle^{[257] [266]}
• M113 modified mortar carrier^{[267] [80] [111]}
  • M106 mortar carrier M125A2 mortar carrier^[257]
• Makmat mortar carrier^[101]
• Homebuilt armoured cars^{[268] [269]}

Technicals, Gun trucks, transport and recovery vehicles

• Hotchkiss M201 jeep (French-produced version of the Willys MB jeep)^[67]
• Willys M38 MC jeep
• Willys M38A1 MD jeep^{[270] [271]}
• Willys CJ-3B jeep^[272]
• Jeep CJ-5 and Jeep CJ-8 (Civilian versions of the Willys M38A1 MD jeep)^[63]
• Keohwa M-5GA1 and Kia KM410 jeeps (South Korean-produced versions of the Willys M38A1 MD jeep)^{[78] [59] [83]}
• M151A1/A2 ¼-ton utility truck^{[273] [274] [275] [276] [277] [278] [279] [280]}
• GAZ-69A field car^[281]
• UAZ-469 light utility vehicle^{[282] [283]}
• Kaiser M715 jeep^[284]
• VIASA MB-CJ6 jeep (Spanish-produced version of the Willys CJ-3B jeep)^[285]
• Santana Series III (Spanish-produced version of the Land-Rover long wheelbase series III)
• Santana 88 Ligero Military jeep^{[286] [152] [62]}
• Austin Champ light truck
• Land-Rover short and long wheelbase series II-III^{[287] [288] [289] [290]}
• Range Rover first generation luxury Sport utility vehicle (SUV)
• Morattab Series IV utility vehicle (Iranian-produced unlicensed version of the Land-Rover long wheelbase series III)^[276]
• Pinzgauer 712M light all-terrain vehicle^{[291] [292]}
• Volvo Laplander L3314A light utility vehicle^{[293] [294]}
• Toyota Land Cruiser (J40) light pickup^{[295] [296] [297]}
• Toyota Land Cruiser (J42) light pickup^{[298] [142]}
• Toyota Land Cruiser (J43) light pickup^[299]
• Toyota Land Cruiser (J44) light pickup^[272]
• Toyota Land Cruiser (J45) light pickup^{[300] [301]}
• Toyota Land Cruiser (J70) light pickup^{[302] [303]}
• Toyota Land Cruiser (J75) light pickup^[304]
• Peugeot 404 light pickup
• Peugeot 504 light pickup^[305]
  • ACMAT TPK 4.20-NA12 utility truck Dodge WC51 light truck^[227]
• Dodge M37 ¾ ton 4x4 1953 utility truck^[306]
• Dodge Fargo/Power Wagon W200 light truck^[307]
• Dodge D series (3rd generation) light pickup
• Dodge Ram (1st generation) light pickup^{[308] [309] [310]}
• GMC Sierra Custom K25/K30 light pickup^[67]
• Chevrolet C-10/C-15 Cheyenne light pickup^[148]
• Chevrolet C-20 Scottsdale light pickup^[311]
• Chevrolet C/K 3rd generation pickup truck^[312]
• Nissan Patrol 160-Series pickup (3rd generation)^[313]
• Nissan/Datsun 620 pickup truck^[314]
• Datsun 720 pickup truck^[315]
• Suzuki Jimny LJ20 1st generation off-road mini SUV^[316]
• Gurgel Sport utility vehicle (SUV)^[72]
• Jeep Wagoneer full-size Sport utility vehicle (SUV)
• Jeep Gladiator J20 pickup truck^{[317] [318] [141]}
• M880/M890 Series CUCV^{[319] [280]}
  • Toyota Dyna U10-series light-duty truck Toyota U10-series route van (minibus)^[320]
• M718A1 military ambulance^[72]
• Nissan Patrol 160-Series (3rd generation) 5-door wagon/van (used as military ambulance)^[321]
• Chevrolet/GMC G-Series third generation van (used as military ambulance)^[134]
• Volkswagen Type 2 Transporter minibus (used as military ambulance)
• Volkswagen (Type 2) T3 Transporter van (used as military ambulance)
• Volkswagen Type 2 Transporter Pickup^[322]
• AIL M325 Command Car ("Nun-Nun": cargo A/B, combat patrol and ambulance versions)^{[112] [323] [324] [325] [326]}
• Mercedes-Benz Unimog 404 light truck^{[269] [327]}
• Mercedes-Benz Unimog 416 light truck^{[269] [327]}
• GAZ-66 light truck^{[174] [91] [328] [329]}
• Chevrolet C-50 medium-duty truck^[330]
• Dodge F600 medium-duty truck^{[331] [332]}
• Mercedes-Benz 4.5 ton L1517 medium-duty truck
  • Mercedes-Benz 4.5 ton LA911B medium-duty truck Mercedes-Benz 7.5 ton LA1113/42 medium-duty truck
• GMC K1500 medium-duty truck
• GMC C4500 medium-duty truck
  • GMC C7500 heavy-duty truck Bedford RL Petrol lorry
• GMC CCKW 2½-ton cargo truck
• M34, M35A1 and M35A2 2½-ton cargo trucks^{[333] [334] [335] [276] [130] [280]}
• ZIL-151 general-purpose truck
• ZIL-157 general-purpose truck^[109]
• ZIL-131 general-purpose truck
• Ural-4320 AWD general purpose truck^[122]
• Saviem SM8 TRM4000 truck
• Berliet GBC 8KT heavy-duty truck^[336]
• M813 5-ton cargo truck^{[337] [280]}
• Faun L912/21-MUN heavy cargo truck
• M54A2 5-ton heavy cargo truck^{[291] [280]}
• KrAZ-255 heavy cargo truck^{[58] [338]}
• M5A1 artillery tractor^[339]
• M816 5-ton medium wrecker truck^{[340] [280]}
• M88A1 medium recovery vehicle^[341]
• M578 light recovery vehicle^[342]
• T-34T Armoured Recovery Vehicle^[343]
• BTS-4 Armoured Recovery Vehicle^[344]
• VT-55KS Armoured Recovery Vehicle^[345]
• MAZ-537G tank transporter^[346]
• Mack DM 800 tank transporter^[347]
• XM523E2 Heavy Equipment Transporter (HET)^[348]
• Ratrack dual track snow coach^[349]

Vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices

• Car bomb (known in the Lebanese lexicon as "canned death")^{[350] [351] [352]}
• Suicide truck-bomb^{[353] [354]}

Helicopters

• Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama II light helicopter^{[355] [154] [356] [357] [358]}
• Aérospatiale SA 316B/C Alouette III light helicopter^{[355] [154] [359] [357] [358]}
• Aérospatiale SA 330C Puma medium transport/utility helicopter^{[360] [154] [361] [362]}
• Aérospatiale SA 342K/L Gazelle helicopter (used mainly in the gunship role)^{[363] [364] [154] [365] [366]}
• Agusta-Bell AB 212 utility transport^{[367] [154] [362] [29]}

Aircraft

• Dassault Mirage IIIEL fighter jet^{[154] [368] [369] [370] [371]}
• Potez CM.170R Fouga Magister jet trainer (used mainly in the fighter-bomber role)^{[154] [372] [357] [373]}
• Hawker Hunter FGA.70 and FGA.70A fighter jets (used mainly in the fighter-bomber role)^{[154] [374] [114] [375] [376] [377] [358]}
• Scottish Aviation Bulldog T-1 Model 126 trainer (used also in the reconnaissance/observation role)^{[154] [378] [29]}

Naval craft

• EDIC III-class Landing craft tank (LCT)^[379]
• EDIC9091-class Landing craft utility (LCU)
• LCU1466-class Landing craft utility (LCU)
• Aztec-class inshore patrol boat
• Byblos-class oceanic patrol vessel^[154]
• Fairey Marine Tracker MkII Class patrol boat^[379]
• Dabur-1 class patrol boat^{[380] [381]}
• Dvora-class fast patrol boat
• Rubber inflatable dinghy^[382]
• Zodiac rubber inflatable boat^[56]
• Converted civilian fishing craft (armed with Heavy machine-guns)^[56]

See also

• Lebanese Ground Forces Equipment
• Lebanese Armed Forces Out of Service Equipment
• Lebanese Civil War
• Lebanese Air Force aircraft inventory
• Military equipment of Hezbollah
• Syrian intervention in Lebanon
• 1958 Lebanon crisis
• 1982 Lebanon War

References

• Alain Menargues, Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban: Du coup d'état de Béchir Gémayel aux massacres des camps palestiniens, Albin Michel, Paris 2004. (in French)
• Anthony Tucker-Jones, Images of War: T–54/55, The Soviet Army's Cold War main battle tank – rare photographs from wartime archives, Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley 2017.
• Bassel Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991, Éditions Dergham, Jdeideh (Beirut) 2019.
• Beate Hamizrachi, The Emergence of South Lebanon Security Belt, Praeger Publishers Inc., New York 1984.
• Bill Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters, Salamander Books Ltd, London 1981.
• Charles Maisonneuve, AML Panhard – Des hommes, une histoire, Collection Vehicules Militaires, Histoire & Collections, Paris 2020. (in French)
• Chris McNab, 20th Century Military Uniforms (2nd ed.), Grange Books, Kent 2002.
• Chris McNab, Soviet Submachine Guns of World War II: PPD-40, PPSh-41 and PPS, Weapon series 33, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2014.
• Chris McNab, The SVD Dragunov Rifle, Weapon series 87, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2023.
• Christopher F. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide, HarperCollins Publishers, London 2002.
• Claire Hoy and Victor Ostrovsky, By Way of Deception: The Making and Unmaking of a Mossad Officer, St. Martin's Press, New York 1990.
• Dave Willey – Country Director-MAG, Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War in Lebanon, maginternational.org, Manchester 2016. – https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/53956
• David Hirst, Beware of Small States: Lebanon, Battleground of the Middle East, Nation Books, New York 2010.
• Edgar O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998.
• Éric Micheletti and Yves Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS Magazine No. 41, October 1989, Histoire & Collections, Paris. (in French)
• Éric Micheletti, Autopsie de la Guerre au Liban, RAIDS Magazine No. 100, September 1994 special issue, Histoire & Collections, Paris. (in French)
• Farid El-Kazen, The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon 1967-1976, I.B. Tauris, London 2000. – https://books.google.com/books?id=TQdheeeXQCgC&pg=PA303
• Gordon L. Rottman, The Rocket-propelled Grenade, Weapon series 2, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2010.
• Gordon L. Rottman, The AK-47 Kalashnikov-series assault rifles, Weapon series 8, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2011.
• Gordon L. Rottman, US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320, Weapon series 57, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2017.
• Glenn Ashley, Joe Sewell and Don Greer, Hawker Hunter in action, Aircraft Number 121, Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., Carrollton, Texas 1992., 0-89747-273-X
• Ian Hogg, Jane's Guns recognition guide, HarperCollins Publishers, London 2002.
• James Kinnear, Stephen Sewell & Andrey Aksenov, Soviet T-54 Main Battle Tank, General Military series, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2018.
• James Kinnear, Stephen Sewell & Andrey Aksenov, Soviet T-55 Main Battle Tank, General Military series, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2019.
• Jean Dunord, Liban: Les milices rendent leurs armes, RAIDS magazine No. 65, October 1991, Histoire & Collections, Paris. (in French)
• Jean Huon, Un Siècle d'Armement Mondial: Armes à feu d'infanterie de petit calibre, tome 4, Crépin-Leblond éditions, Chaumont 1981. (in French)
• Joseph A. Kechichian, The Lebanese Army: Capabilities and Challenges in the 1980s, Conflict Quarterly, Winter 1985.
• Joseph Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985), Lulu.com, Beyrouth 2012., 1291036601 (in French) – https://books.google.com/books?id=ct_jAwAAQBAJ&dq=histoire+de+la+guerre+du+liban+jean+sarkis&pg=PA8
• John C. Rolland (ed.), Lebanon: Current Issues and Background, Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York 2003. – https://books.google.com/books?id=-JVOKeNkllgC&dq=Sami+Rihana+Lebanon&pg=PA185
• John Laffin, The War of Desperation: Lebanon 1982-85, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1985.
• John Walter, Walther Pistols – PP, PPK and P 38, Weapon series 82, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2022.
• Jim Mesko, Don Greer and Perry Manley, M41 Walker Bulldog in action – Armor Number 29, Squadron/Signal Publications, Carrollton, Texas 1991.
• Samuel M. Katz and Ron Volstad, Battleground Lebanon (1003), Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1990.
• Samuel M. Katz, Lee E. Russel, and Ron Volstad, Armies in Lebanon 1982-84, Men-at-arms series 165, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1985.
• Samuel M. Katz and Ron Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2, Men-at-arms series 194, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1988.
• Samer Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003.
• Samer Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon 1975-1981, Trebia Publishing, Chyah 2012.
• Samer Kassis, Tiran in Lebanese Wars (Ammo_A.MIG-6000), AMMO of Mig Jimenez S.L., 2018.
• Samer Kassis, Les TIRAN 4 et 5, de Tsahal aux Milices Chrétiennes (1960-1990), Trucks & Tanks Magazine No. 50, July–August 2015, Caraktère, Aix-en-Provence, pp. 54–61. (in French)
• Samer Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982, Abteilung 502, 2019. – https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=G2y3DwAAQBAJ&hl=pt_PT&pg=GBS.PA381
• Simon Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual, Haynes Publishing UK, Somerset 2019.
• Simon Dunstam, Terry Hadler and David E. Smith, The M113 series, Vanguard series 34, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1983.
• Steven J. Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78, Vanguard series 19, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1981.
• Steven J. Zaloga, ZSU-23-4 Shilka & Soviet Air Defense Gun Vehicles, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1993.
• Steven J. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The wars of 1973 to the present, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 2003. – https://archive.org/details/tankbattlesmidea00zalo_215
• Steven J. Zaloga, Jim Kinnear and Peter Sarson, T-34-85 Medium Tank 1944-94, New Vanguard series 20, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 1996.
• Steven J. Zaloga and Peter Bull, Staghound armored car 1942-62, New Vanguard series 159, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2000.
• Tom Cooper & Sergio Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978, Middle East@War No. 21, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2019.
• Tom Cooper & Efim Sandler, Lebanese Civil War Volume 2: Quiet before the Storm, 1978-1981, Middle East@War No. 41, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2021.
• Tom Cooper & Efim Sandler, Lebanese Civil War Volume 3: Moving to War, 4–7 June 1982, Middle East@War No. 51, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2022.
• Tony Badran (Barry Rubin ed.), Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2010.
• Ken Guest, Lebanon, in Flashpoint! At the Front Line of Today's Wars, Arms and Armour Press, London 1994, pp. 97–111.
• Leroy Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle, Weapon series 68, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2019.
• Leigh Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces, New Vanguard series 257, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2018.
• Ludovic Fortin, T17E1 Staghound Armored Car – Le char sur roues, Trucks & Tracks Magazine No. 5, December 2007–January 2008, Caraktère, Marseille, pp. 48–67. (in French)
• Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel: T-55 tanks in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2006.
• Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel 2: M-3 Halftracks in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2006.
• Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel III: M-113 Carriers in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2007.
• Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel IV: M-50 Shermans and M-50 APCs in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2007.
• Moustafa El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008.
• M.P. Robinson, Peter Lau and Guy Gibeau, Images of War: The AMX 13 Light Tank, A Complete History – rare photographs from wartime archives, Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley 2018.
• N.R. Jenzen-Jones & Damien Spleeters, Identifying & Tracing the FN Herstal FAL Rifle: Documenting signs of diversion in Syria and beyond, Armament Research Services Pty. Ltd., Australia, August 2015. – http://armamentresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/ARES-Field-Guide-No.-1-Identifying-Tracing-the-FN-Herstal-FAL-Rifle.pdf
• Paul Jackson, Modern Combat Aircraft 23: Mirage, Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan, 1985.
• Paul Jackson, "Mirage III/5/50 Variant Briefing: Part 1: Dassault's Delta", World Air Power Journal, Volume 14, Autumn/Fall 1993, pp. 112–137, London: Aerospace Publishing.,
• Paul Jureidini, R. D. McLaurin, and James Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas, 1975-1978, Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Technical Memorandum 11–79, June 1979.
• Pedro Manuel Monteiro, Berliet, Chaimite e UMM – Os Grandes Veículos Militares Nacionais, Contra a Corrente, Lda., Lisboa 2018. (in Portuguese)
• Philipe Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, Steelmasters Magazine No. 113, August–September 2012, Histoire & Collections, Paris, pp. 8–16. (in French)
• Philipe Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, Steelmasters Magazine No. 118, April–May 2013, Histoire & Collections, Paris, pp. 8–15. (in French)
• Richard Lathrop, John McDonald and Jim Laurier, Cadillac Cage V-100 Commando 1960-71, New Vanguard series 52, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2002.
• Yann Mahé, La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible (1975-1990), Trucks & Tanks Magazine No. 41, January–February 2014, Caraktère, Aix-en-Provence, pp. 78–81. (in French)
• Zachary Sex & Bassel Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond, Modern Conflicts Profile Guide Volume II, AK Interactive, 2021.

External links

• Histoire militaire de l'armée libanaise de 1975 à 1990 (in French)
• Al-Mourabitoun vehicles in the Lebanese civil war
• Lebanese Forces vehicles in the Lebanese civil war
• Druze PLA vehicles in the Lebanese civil war
• Lebanese Arab Army M113 APCs fitted with ZU-23-2 and Zastava M55 autocannons
• Pre-1975 Lebanese Army vehicles

Notes and References

1. Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), pp. 44-45, Plate G3.
2. Web site: The Weapons: Semi-auto Pistols . lebaneseforces.com . 12 March 2015 . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114327/http://www.lebaneseforces.com/wsemiauto.asp . 2 April 2015 .
3. Walter, Walther Pistols – PP, PPK and P 38 (2022), p. 71.
4. Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 47, Plate H3.
5. Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate D3.
6. Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate H1.
7. Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B2.
8. Web site: 2016-03-03 . Lebanese Forces : The Weapons: Sub Machine Guns (SMG) . 2022-11-23 . 2016-03-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174221/http://www.lebaneseforces.com/wsmg.asp . bot: unknown .
9. McNab, Soviet Submachine Guns of World War II: PPD-40, PPSh-41 and PPS (2014), p. 68.
10. Web site: Sa. 23. Maxim. Popenker. Modern Firearms. 27 October 2010.
11. Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 45.
12. Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 30.
13. Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B1.
14. Web site: Annual Report on the Transfers of Controlled Goods in 2008 . 37 . Ministry of Economy (Serbia). Republic of Serbia: Ministry of Economy and of Regional Development. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute . 25 October 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141221190408/http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/transfers/transparency/national_reports/serbia/SER_08.pdf/view . 21 December 2014.
15. Web site: Post-WWII use of the MAS-36 rifle: Part II (export users) . wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com . 2015-08-23 . 2017-06-15.
16. Web site: MAS-1949 and 49/56. 28 October 2010.
17. Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 31.
18. Paul. Scarlata. Military rifle cartridges of Lebanon Part 2: from independence to Hezbollah.. Shotgun News. July 2009.
19. Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 39.
20. Huon, Un Siècle d'Armement Mondial: Armes à feu d'infanterie de petit calibre, tome 4 (1981), page unknown.
21. Web site: Foreign Military Assistance and the U.S. M1 & M2 Carbines.
22. Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), p. 16.
23. Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), p. 48; Plate B3.
24. Rottman, The AK-47 Kalashnikov-series assault rifles (2011), p. 78.
25. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 19.
26. Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate G5.
27. Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B4.
28. Jenzen-Jones & Spleeters, Identifying & Tracing the FN Herstal FAL Rifle: Documenting signs of diversion in Syria and beyond (2015), pp. 20-21.
29. Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), pp. 44-45.
30. Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009).
31. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-8.
32. Laffin, The War of Desperation: Lebanon 1982-85 (1985), p. 40.
33. Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), pp. 40-41, Plate D2.
34. Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate H2.
35. McNab, 20th Century Military Uniforms (2002), p. 174.
36. Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), p. 44, Plate G2.
37. Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate G3.
38. Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), p. 106.
39. Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle (2019), pp. 29; 64.
40. Book: Jenzen-Jones, N.R.. Global Development and Production of Self-loading Service Rifles: 1896 to the Present. resrep10728. January 2017. 978-2-940548-34-7 . Small Arms Survey. https://web.archive.org/web/20170629213337/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/F-Working-papers/SAS-WP25-Self-loading-rifles.pdf. dead. June 29, 2017. Working Paper 25.
41. Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), p. 40, Plate D1.
42. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), p. 7; Appendix A, table A-8.
43. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-3; A-8.
44. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 355.
45. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-3.
46. Russell, Katz, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon 1982–84 (1985), p. 43.
47. Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 35.
48. Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate C3.
49. McNab, The SVD Dragunov Rifle (2023), p. 50.
50. Web site: 2016-03-03 . Lebanese Forces : The Weapons: Standard Sniper Rifles . 2022-12-07 . 2016-03-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160317113554/http://www.lebaneseforces.com/wstandardsniper.asp . bot: unknown .
51. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 103.
52. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 199.
53. Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate A2.
54. Laffin, The War of Desperation: Lebanon 1982-85 (1985), pp. 179–183.
55. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 22.
56. Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 47, Plate H4.
57. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 43.
58. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 29.
59. Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 15.
60. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 117.
61. Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, p. 15.
62. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 209.
63. Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 9.
64. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 22-23.
65. Web site: Stickgrenade, Type67. 2020-04-11. 2013-06-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20130623080446/http://www.lexpev.nl/grenades/middleeastasia/china/stickgrenadetype67.html. dead.
66. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Introduction, p. 1.
67. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 41.
68. Willey, Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War in Lebanon (2016), p. 7.
69. Willey, Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War in Lebanon (2016), p. 9.
70. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 26.
71. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 16.
72. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 4.
73. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-11.
74. Rottman, The Rocket-propelled Grenade (2010), p. 63.
75. Web site: RPG-2. SALW Guide.
76. Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, p. 10.
77. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 63.
78. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 35.
79. Henson, Jason W."MGM-32 Entac ATGM." "Harpoon Head Quarters". Retrieved: 24 December 2009.
80. Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), p. 34.
81. Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B3.
82. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 36.
83. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 66-67.
84. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 15; 35.
85. Rottman, US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320 (2017), p. 37.
86. Rottman, US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320 (2017), p. 22.
87. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 194.
88. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-9; Appendix D, D-6.
89. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 230.
90. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 58.
91. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 31.
92. https://milinme.wordpress.com/2011/03/13/toyota-land-cruiser-in-lebanon-cluster-1-militias/ A Toyota Land Cruiser BJ40/42 of the AMAL militia in 1984 armed with a Chinese made Type 56 75 mm recoilless rifle.
93. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-9.
94. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 25.
95. Web site: Archived copy . www.inss.org.il . 15 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160728223823/http://www.inss.org.il/uploadimages/SystemFiles/lebanon.pdf . 28 July 2016 . dead.
96. Encyclopedia: National inventories, Lebanon. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001-2002. 3087. 22 November 2000. Terry J.. Gander.
97. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 21.
98. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 26.
99. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 41-43.
100. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 82.
101. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 98.
102. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-6.
103. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 95.
104. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 22.
105. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 76-77; 80.
106. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 65.
107. Mahé, La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible! (1975-1990), p. 81.
108. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 78-79.
109. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 210-211.
110. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 56.
111. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 75.
112. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 66.
113. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 81.
114. Guest, Lebanon (1994), p. 106.
115. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 37.
116. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 196.
117. Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 9.
118. Cooper & Sandler, Lebanese Civil War Volume 2: Quiet before the Storm, 1978-1981 (2021), p. 16; Plate i.
119. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 211.
120. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 61.
121. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 77; 81.
122. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 26.
123. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 77.
124. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 54.
125. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 25.
126. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 160.
127. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), pp. 16-21, 32-36, 52; Appendix A, A-10, table 3; Appendix D, D-5.
128. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 59.
129. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 95.
130. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 61.
131. http://www.warwheels.net/Model_M35A2wBoforsASSAD.html - 1/35 scale model photos of a Lebanese Special Forces AA QF Bofors 40 mm gun mounted on a M35A2 Gun Truck.
132. http://osw.zone/paint-weathering-diorama/vallejo-colors/135-btr-152-apc-armed-with-bofors-40-mm-gunnlp-tigers-militialebanon1976-by/ - 1/35 scale model photos of a Lebanese Tigers Militia AA QF Bofors 40 mm gun mounted on a BTR-152 APC, c.1976.
133. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-10; Appendix D, D-2.
134. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 27.
135. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 15; 53.
136. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 233.
137. Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), p. 50.
138. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-10.
139. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 46.
140. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 60-61.
141. Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 5.
142. Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), pp. 22-23, Plate C2.
143. https://www.tumblr.com/search/guardians%20of%20the%20cedars/ Guardians of the Cedars M34 gun-truck armed with a ZU-23-2 AA autocannon, c.1976.
144. http://www.alsminiature.com/m.34.gardien.cedre.htm/ 1/72 scale model of a Guardians of the Cedars M34 gun-truck armed with a ZU-23-2 Anti-Aircraft autocannon.
145. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 28.
146. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 117.
147. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), p. 22.
148. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 52.
149. Micheletti, Bataille d'Artillerie, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 14.
150. Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), p. 61.
151. Guest, Lebanon (1994), p. 105.
152. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 232.
153. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 77; 82; 84-85.
154. Kechichian, The Lebanese Army: Capabilities and Challenges in the 1980s (1985), p. 35.
155. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 10.
156. Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, p. 11.
157. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 15; 21-22; 49.
158. Robinson, Lau and Gibeau, Images of War: The AMX 13 Light Tank, A Complete History – rare photographs from wartime archives (2018), p. 185.
159. Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), p. 33.
160. Mesko, Greer and Manley, M41 Walker Bulldog in action (1991), p. 39.
161. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 28–29.
162. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 9; 50.
163. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 26; 80; 122.
164. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-10; Appendix D, D-3.
165. Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), pp. 33; 39-40, Plate H1.
166. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 53.
167. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 53; 62; 80-83.
168. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 81.
169. Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, p. 8.
170. Zaloga, Kinnear and Sarson, T-34-85 Medium Tank 1944-94 (1996), pp. 39; 47.
171. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 67.
172. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 234.
173. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 192; 195.
174. Dunord, Liban: Les milices rendent leurs armes, RAIDS magazine (1991), p. 31.
175. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), pp. 64-65.
176. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 60-61; 65.
177. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 97.
178. Kinnear, Sewell & Aksenov, Soviet T-54 Main Battle Tank (2018), Appendix eight: known customers and users of the T‑54 medium tank, p. 182.
179. Kinnear, Sewell & Aksenov, Soviet T-55 Main Battle Tank (2019), Appendix six: known client users of the T‑55 medium tank, p. 160.
180. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 54-63.
181. Menargues, Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban (2004), p. 85.
182. Kassis, Les TIRAN 4 et 5, de Tsahal aux Milices Chrétiennes, Trucks & Tanks Magazine (2015), p. 59.
183. Tucker-Jones, Images of War: T–54/55, The Soviet Army's Cold War main battle tank – rare photographs from wartime archives (2017), p. 107.
184. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), pp. 63-64.
185. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 16-18.
186. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 20.
187. Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, p. 10.
188. Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), pp. 33; 40, Plate H3.
189. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 8.
190. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 38-39; 50.
191. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), p. 21; Appendix D, D-4.
192. Mesko, Greer and Manley, M41 Walker Bulldog in action (1991), p. 27.
193. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 25; 28.
194. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 91.
195. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 51; 53.
196. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 215.
197. Micheletti, Les véhicules de la Guerre du Liban, RAIDS magazine (1994), p. 9.
198. Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, p. 14.
199. Zaloga, ZSU-23-4 Shilka & Soviet Air Defense Gun Vehicles (1993), pp. 35-36.
200. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 16.
201. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), pp. 201; 203.
202. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 72.
203. Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), p. 55.
204. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 194.
205. http://forum.tayyar.org/f8/army-lebanon-36023/index7.html – information on al-Murabitoun Shilka vehicles.
206. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), pp. 324-325.
207. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 7.
208. Lathrop, McDonald and Laurier, Cadillac Cage V-100 Commando 1960-71 (2002), p. 42.
209. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 14; 45; 54-55.
210. Zaloga and Bull, Staghound armored car 1942-62 (2000), pp. 42-45.
211. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 83-89.
212. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 46-48.
213. Fortin, T17E1 Staghound Armored Car – Le char sur roues, Trucks & Tracks Magazine (2007–2008), pp. 62–63; 65.
214. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 85-87.
215. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 59.
216. http://milinme.wordpress.com/category/staghound/ – Colonel Barakat's Army of Free Lebanon's Staghound Mk.III armoured car near Binayit el-Béton, East Beirut, March 1976.
217. Web site: WarWheels.Net -1/35 Bronco Lebanese T17E1 Staghound Car Mark 1 Model Photos . 2011-03-14 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110724124026/http://www.warwheels.net/model_staghound1lebanesearmstrong.html . 2011-07-24 . – 1/35 scale model of a Staghound armoured car on Al-Murabitoun service, c.1976.
218. Hamizrachi, The Emergence of South Lebanon Security Belt (1984), pp. 55-89.
219. Badran, Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis (2010), pp. 50-52.
220. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 22; 24-25; 40; 56-58.
221. Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), p. 154.
222. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 74.
223. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 9.
224. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 6-7; 23; 26; 28-29; 30-31.
225. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 51; 123.
226. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 101-102; 206.
227. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 79.
228. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 179.
229. Monteiro, Berliet, Chaimite e UMM – Os Grandes Veículos Militares Nacionais (2018), pp. 41-43.
230. http://milinme.wordpress.com/category/v-200-chaimite – An ex-ISF V-200 Chaimite employed by the Guardians of the Cedars pictured at Houche-el-Oumara during the Battle of Zahleh, April–June 1981.
231. Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), p. 38.
232. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 56.
233. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 5; 72.
234. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 125-127.
235. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 185.
236. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 153-155.
237. Mahé, La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible! (1975-1990), p. 79.
238. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 58-60.
239. http://osw.zone/paint-weathering-diorama/vallejo-colors/135-btr-152-apc-armed-with-bofors-40-mm-gunnlp-tigers-militialebanon1976-by/ – 1/35 scale model photos of a Lebanese Tigers Militia AA QF Bofors 40 mm gun mounted on a BTR-152 APC, c.1976.
240. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 178.
241. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 58.
242. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 61; 97.
243. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 12; 24; 39.
244. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), pp. 53; 57-58.
245. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 21.
246. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 105.
247. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 54.
248. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 30-31.
249. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), pp. 52; 60.
250. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 14; 22; 44; 56-57.
251. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 21; 53.
252. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 41; 63.
253. El-Assad, Blue Steel: M-3 Halftracks in South Lebanon (2006), p. 58.
254. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 122.
255. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 66.
256. Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), pp. 33; 39, Plate G1.
257. Dunstam, Hadler and Smith, The M113 series (1983), p. 33.
258. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), p. 215.
259. El-Assad, Blue Steel III: M-113 Carriers in South Lebanon (2007), p. 8.
260. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 49-50.
261. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), pp. 54; 56; 60.
262. Robinson, Lau and Gibeau, Images of War: The AMX 13 Light Tank, A Complete History – rare photographs from wartime archives (2018), pp. 185; 190.
263. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 66.
264. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 61.
265. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 15; 42-44.
266. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 39.
267. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 40.
268. O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon (1998), p. 32.
269. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 30.
270. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 135.
271. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 47; 51; 58; 60.
272. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 213.
273. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 6; 63.
274. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 37; 133.
275. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 8; 51.
276. Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 14.
277. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 197.
278. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 53; 68-69; 89-90; 96; 105.
279. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 9; 34.
280. Book: Annex C Appendix II. US Army Technical Manual of Foreign Military Sales: Battlefield Damage Assessment and Repair. TM 9-2320-356-BD. Washington, D.C.. 18 December 1987. 262. 15 June 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20120904154546/http://imfmotorpool.com/063247.PDF. 4 September 2012. live.
281. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 201.
282. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 231.
283. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 7; 214-215.
284. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 47; 53.
285. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), pp. 238-239.
286. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 64-65; 111.
287. Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix D, D-6.
288. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 16-17; 21; 29-31; 47; 53; 87; 91; 139.
289. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 19; 22; 31.
290. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 7-8; 27; 29; 83; 87-88; 90-91; 172; 196.
291. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 5.
292. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 201.
293. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 62.
294. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 107.
295. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 25; 62; 66.
296. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 52.
297. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 27; 73; 113; 121-123.
298. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 31.
299. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 69.
300. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 49-51.
301. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 8; 91; 195-197; 214.
302. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 59; 75.
303. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 43.
304. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 24-27.
305. Mahé, La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible (1975-1990), p. 81.
306. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 12-13.
307. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 63.
308. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 66-67.
309. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 31.
310. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 30-31; 35.
311. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 55–57; 71.
312. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 93.
313. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 68-69.
314. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 92; 151.
315. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 55-57.
316. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 74.
317. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 6.
318. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 19.
319. Web site: Lebanese Armed Forces Vehicles: The CUCV (Dodge & Chevrolet). Military In the Middle East. 31 March 2012. 20 April 2014.
320. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 67.
321. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 92.
322. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 47.
323. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 32-33.
324. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 14-15; 99-101; 143.
325. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 67; 116.
326. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 25; 36; 68-69; 78; 84-86.
327. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 210.
328. Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 248.
329. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 202-203.
330. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 12.
331. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 23.
332. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 18-19.
333. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 57; 64.
334. El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 115; 117.
335. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 18; 57.
336. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 70.
337. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 33.
338. Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, p. 9.
339. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 25; 51.
340. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 18.
341. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 53.
342. Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 19; 21.
343. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 192-193.
344. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 19.
345. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 22-23.
346. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 20-21; 52.
347. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 182-183.
348. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 78-79.
349. Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 34.
350. Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), p. 34.
351. O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon (1998), pp. 121; 123.
352. Web site: The Atlas Group and Walid Raad - Cornerhouse . 2016-04-24 . 2007-12-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071229221418/http://www.cornerhouse.org/books/info.aspx?ID=1835&page=0 . dead .
353. Guest, Lebanon (1994), p. 111.
354. O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon (1998), p. 132.
355. Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 82.
356. Web site: World Air Forces 1987 pg. 68. flightglobal.com . 14 March 2013.
357. Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), p. 129.
358. Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), pp. 35-37.
359. Web site: World Air Forces 1983 . 359. flightglobal.com . 30 March 2013.
360. Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 90.
361. Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 18.
362. Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), p. 130.
363. Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 86.
364. Web site: World Air Forces 1983 . 359. flightglobal.com . 30 March 2013.
365. Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), pp. 130-131.
366. Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 20-21; 51-52.
367. Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 19.
368. Jackson, Modern Combat Aircraft 23: Mirage (1985), p. 53.
369. Jackson, World Air Power Journal Volume 14 (1993), p. 127.
370. Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), pp. 129-130.
371. Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), pp. 37-39.
372. Web site: World Air Forces 1987 pg. 68 . Flightglobal Insight . 1987. 1 June 2018.
373. Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), pp. 37-39; 44-45.
374. Ashley, Sewell and Greer, Hawker Hunter in action (1992), pp. 15; 17; 22; 37; 42.
375. Rolland, Lebanon: Current Issues and Background (2003), p. 186.
376. Hirst, Beware of Small States: Lebanon, Battleground of the Middle East (2010), pp. 100-101.
377. Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), pp. 128-129.
378. Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), pp. 82-83; 130.
379. Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), p. 133.
380. Hoy and Ostrovsky, By Way of Deception: The Making and Unmaking of a Mossad Officer (1990), p. 304.
381. Menargues, Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban (2004), p. 110.
382. Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 40-41.