Water polo has been played consistently at the Mediterranean Games since the year 1951. The Italy men's national water polo team is the most successful team among men, while for women it is the Spain women's national water polo team that gain success with the first inaugural Edition in 2018 Mediterranean Games.
| Year | Host | width=1% rowspan=23 bgcolor=ffffff | Gold medal game | width=1% rowspan=23 bgcolor=ffffff | Bronze medal game | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold medalist | width=10% | Score | Silver medalist | Bronze medalist | width=10% | Score | width=15% | Fourth place | |||
| 1951 Details |  Alexandria | ||||||||||
| 1955 Details |  Barcelona | ||||||||||
| 1959 Details |  Beirut | ||||||||||
| 1963 Details |  Naples | ||||||||||
| 1967 Details |  Tunis | ||||||||||
| 1971 Details |  İzmir | ||||||||||
| 1975 Details | Algiers | ||||||||||
| 1979 Details | Split | ||||||||||
| 1983 Details |  Casablanca | ||||||||||
| 1987 Details |  Latakia | ||||||||||
| 1991 Details |  Athens | ||||||||||
| 1993 Details |  Languedoc-Roussillon | ||||||||||
| 1997 Details | Bari | ||||||||||
| 2001 Details | Tunis | 6–5 | 6–4 | ||||||||
| 2005 Details | Almería | 9–7 | 9–8 | ||||||||
| 2009 Details | Pescara | 9–4 | 10–9 | ||||||||
| 2013 Details | Mersin | 11–9 | 9–8 | ||||||||
| 2018 Details | Tarragona | 12–10 | 6–4 | ||||||||
| 2022 Details | Oran | 9 – 8 | 16 – 8 | ||||||||
| 2026 Details | Taranto | ||||||||||
| 2030 Details | Pristina | ||||||||||
| Year | Host | width=1% rowspan=4 bgcolor=ffffff | Gold medal game | width=1% rowspan=4 bgcolor=ffffff | Bronze medal game | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold medalist | width=10% | Score | Silver medalist | Bronze medalist | width=10% | Score | width=15% | Fourth place | |||
| 2018 Details | Tarragona | 9 – 8 | 15 – 5 | ||||||||
| 2022 | Oran | No women's tournament | No women's tournament | ||||||||