Washington Memorial Chapel Explained

Washington Memorial Chapel
Pushpin Map:	USA Pennsylvania#USA
Map Caption:	Location within Pennsylvania
Coordinates:	40.1045°N -75.4379°W
Location:	Montgomery, Pennsylvania
Country:	United States

Washington Memorial Chapel in Valley Forge National Historical Park is a national memorial dedicated to General George Washington and an active Episcopal parish in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. The church was inspired by a sermon preached by Anglican minister Reverend Dr. W. Herbert Burk, founder and first rector of the parish.^[1] The building was designed by architect Milton B. Medary.^[2] It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 1, 2017,^[3] and is undergoing an active restoration campaign.^{[4] [5]}

It is physically located in Upper Merion Township.^[6]

History

Reverend Burk was rector of an Episcopal church in nearby Norristown. The money for the chapel was raised in small increments, and its stone walls were built a "few feet at a time."^[7] Burk was active in trying to preserve Valley Forge and in the establishment of the Valley Forge Museum of American History, predecessor to the Valley Forge Historical Society.^[7]

A previous attempt to build a memorial church at Valley Forge had been launched in 1885 by Baptist minister James M. Guthrie, who raised funds and began building before running out of funds.^[8]

June 19, 1903 marked the 125th anniversary of the evacuation of the Continental Army from Valley Forge,^[7] and the cornerstone was laid on property donated by the I. Heston Todd family. A small wood-framed building nearby preceded the present structure. President Theodore Roosevelt visited the site and gave an address in 1904, and the original wooden building was named the Theodore Roosevelt Chapel. It was demolished after completion of the present chapel.^[9]

The Chapel's exterior was completed in 1917 and its interior in 1921. It serves as a wayside chapel to those who visit Valley Forge National Historical Park, and is open to the public.^[9]

Noted ironsmith Samuel Yellin produced the wrought iron gates, hardware, and locks. He was one of many artisans to produce sculptures, stonework, stained glass, and metal work.^[10] The interior woodwork was supplied by cabinetmaker Edward Maene (1852 - 1931).^[11]

The Chapel can appear to visitors to be a part of the park, given its central location. However, the Chapel and surrounding property belong to the Episcopal Church. There is a model of the Washington Monument across from the Chapel which marks the grave of Lieutenant John Waterman. The Bell Tower houses the DAR Patriot Rolls, listing those that served in the Revolutionary War.^{[12] [13]}

National Patriots Bell Tower and Carillon

The National Patriots Bell Tower^[14] was a later addition to the Chapel, and houses its carillon. The 102feet tower was built entirely with funds raised by members of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) over a period of more than a decade.^[15] Construction began in 1941, but was suspended due to World War II, and restarted in 1949.^[16] The bell tower was completed and dedicated in 1953.

The Justice Bell (Women's Liberty Bell) is on permanent display in the bell tower chamber. It was forged in 1915 as a nearly identical replica of the Liberty Bell, and became an instrumental symbol of the Women's Suffrage movement. In 1920, after touring many parts of the country to promote the passing of the 19th Amendment, the bell was stored on the grounds of Valley Forge National Park before being permanently moved to the bell tower chamber in 1943.

The bell tower contains a traditional carillon, with a keyboard of 58 bells. The first 14 bells (from the Meneely Bell Foundry) were installed in a temporary wooden tower in 1926, and the number of bells expanded over the course of three decades. Fifty-six bells were installed in the bell tower in 1953, and expanded to 58 bells in 1963 with two bells from the Fonderie Paccard in France.^[14]

The bell tower is played regularly by a resident carillonneur. Concerts, both formal and informal, are held throughout the year and are open to the public.^[17]

Features

Stained glass

• George Washington Window (year?), south wall (over entrance), Nicola D'Ascenzo, designer, depicts 36 scenes from Washington's life
• Anthony Wayne Window (year?), west wall, Nicola D'Ascenzo, designer.^[18] Depicts 12 scenes of American expansion.
• Alexander Hamilton Window (year?), east wall, Nicola D'Ascenzo, designer
• Martha Washington Window (1918), north wall (over altar), Nicola D'Ascenzo, designer
• Washington at Prayer Window (year?), carillon tower chamber, Nicola D'Ascenzo, designer

Church furniture

• Baptismal font (limestone & oak, 1907), Milton B. Medary, designer
• Pulpit (limestone, 1909), Milton B. Medary, designer
• Lectern and Perclose (limestone, 1909), Milton B. Medary, designer
• Altar and reredos (limestone, 1916), Milton B. Medary, designer
• Litany desk (Prie-dieu) (white oak, 1916), chancel, Milton B. Medary, designer, Edward Maene, carver
• Pews of the Patriots (white oak, 1917), Milton B. Medary, designer, Edward Maene, carver. The left front pew is the Presidents' Pew, dedicated to George Washington and James Monroe, the two future Presidents of the United States who endured the Valley Forge encampment.^[19]
• Choir stalls and reredos (white oak, 1917–21), choir, Milton B. Medary, designer, Edward Maene, carver
• Prayer Desk (Hand Carved, Engraved, 1916), Milton B. Medary, designer. Dedicated in Memory of Anna Morris Holstein,^[20] Founder, Regent Centennial and Memorial Association,^[21] led efforts to save, acquire, and preserve Washington’s Headquarters and initial Valley Forge Park acreage.^[22] Presented by Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.).^[23] and Patriotic Order Sons of America (POS of A).

Sculpture

• Valley Forge (Seated Washington) (statuette, bronze, 1878), rood screen, Franklin Simmons, sculptor
• Sacrifice and Devotion (Grieving Mother) (statue, bronze, 1914), Heckscher Memorial, Cloister of the Colonies Garden, Bela Pratt, sculptor^[24]
• Harrison Memorial Gates (wrought iron, 1918), porch, Samuel Yellin, metalworker.
• Declaration of Independence Tablet (bas relief, limestone, 1926), nave, Martha Maulsby Hovenden, sculptor. View a short documentary about the Maulsby/Hovenden/Corson families of Plymouth Meeting, PA.
• United States Constitution Tablet (bas relief, limestone, 1936), nave, Martha Maulsby Hovenden, sculptor
• Bishop William White (statue, bronze, 1937), Alexander Stirling Calder, sculptor
• George Washington (statue, limestone, 1953), exterior of National Patriots Bell Tower, C. Paul Jennewein, sculptor^[25]
• Nathanael Greene (statue, bronze, 2015), front lawn, Susie Chisholm, sculptor.

Other media

• Mosaic portrait bust of George Washington (year?), bell tower chamber, Nicola D'Ascenzo, designer
• Justice Bell (aka The Women's Liberty Bell) (1915), National Patriots Bell Tower chamber.

See also

• Valley Forge Pilgrimage
• List of carillons in the United States

Resources

• Rev. W. Herbert Burk, D.D., Making a Museum: The Confessions of a Curator (1926). Burk was the founder and curator of the Valley Forge Museum of American History.
• D'Ascenzo Studios, The Memorial Windows, Washington Memorial Chapel, Valley Forge, Pa. (1930).
• Eleanor H.S. Burk, In the Beginning: at Valley Forge and the Washington Memorial Chapel (1938).
• Shelley A. Perdue, The Washington Memorial Chapel: Historic Structure Report and Condition Assessment, (Masters thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2005).http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=hp_theses

External links

• • • National Park Service
• State Tourist website
• World of Scouting Museum

Notes and References

1. Book: Treese, Lorett . Valley Forge: Making and Remaking a National Symbol. 2006-11-04. 1995 . The Pennsylvania State University Press . http://www.nps.gov/archive/vafo/treese/treese5.htm . A Struggle for Growth and Professionalism at the Washington Memorial.
2. Web site: Washington Memorial Chapel & Bell Tower . 2006-11-04 . Philadelphia Architects and Buildings.
3. National Register of Historic Places Program: Weekly List, May 12, 2017 (week of 5/01/17 through 5/05/17), SG100000943, Listed 5/1/2017.https://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20170512.htm
4. Web site: Washington Memorial Chapel. 16 August 2012 .
5. News: McCullough . Brian . 28 August 2021 . West Chester architect helps restore Valley Forge chapel . 8 October 2021 . Daily Local News. West Chester, Pennsylvania.
6. Web site: Township Zoning Map. Upper Merion Township. 2019-09-02. // Compare with Web site: Valley Forge National Historic Park Map. National Park Service. 2019-09-02.
7. Web site: Washington Memorial Chapel . 2006-11-04 . Valley Forge FAQs. ushistory.org.
8. Book: Treese. Lorrett. Valley Forge: Making and Remaking a National Symbol. 2010. Penn State Press. 978-0271041735.
9. Web site: About the Chapel. 2006-11-04. Washington Memorial Chapel. 2007-09-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20070928130526/http://209.200.101.38/?t=c&cid=1. dead.
10. Web site: Washington Memorial Chapel & Bell Tower: Chronology . 2006-11-04 . Philadelphia Architects and Buildings.
11. Lita Solis-Cohen, "Winterthur’s Philadelphia Furniture Forum: What Was Learned?" Furniture News, March 5, 2014.
12. Web site: About The Museum. 2006-11-04 . World of Scouting Museum.
13. Web site: "Museum is closed". 2017-08-30.
14. Web site: VALLEY FORGE : USA - PA . 2006-11-04 . gcna.org . 2006-06-01 . . 2006-10-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061003181736/http://www.gcna.org/data/PAVALFOR.HTM . dead .
15. Web site: Work of the Society. 2006-11-04 . National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution . About the DAR.
16. Shelley, p. 33.
17. Web site: 2017 Carillon Schedule . 2017-08-30 . Washington Memorial Chapel . 2017-08-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170831002840/http://wmchapel.org/2015-carillon-schedule/ . dead .
18. http://wmchapel.org/heritage/the-anthony-wayne-window-of-expansion/ Anthony Wayne Window
19. "Memorials  - Pews of the Patriots," Washington Memorial Chapel (Summer 2016), brochure available at chapel.
20. Web site: Homan . Wayne . The Woman Who Saved The Shrine . King of Prussia Historical Society . Philadelphia Inquirer .
21. Web site: Backstory of Washington's Headquarters . King of Prussia Historical Society. 23 June 2018 .
22. Web site: Stager . Henry J . History of Centennial and Memorial Association of Valley Forge . Archive.org . 1911 . NPS / Library of Congress.
23. Web site: Fornance . Ellen . Prayer Desk Dedication - Washington Memorial Chapel (Pages 44-45 . Daughters of the American Revolution . 1917 . Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine.
24. http://www.belalyonpratt.com/works-item.php?accession=BP.1914.080 Sacrifice and Devotion
25. Howarth, Shirley Reiff, C. Paul Jennewein: Sculptor, The Tampa Museum of Art, Tampa, Florida, 1980, p.138