| German: Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan | |
| Bwv: | 98 |
| Type: | Church cantata |
| Image Upright: | 1.2 |
| Occasion: | 21st Sunday after Trinity |
| Movements: | 5 |
| Text Poet: | Christoph Birkmann |
| Chorale: | by Samuel Rodigast |
| Vocal: | choir and solo |
Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata German: Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan (What God does is well done), 98, in Leipzig for the 21st Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 10 November 1726.
In his fourth year in Leipzig, Bach wrote the cantata for the 21st Sunday after Trinity. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from Paul's Epistle to the Ephesians, "take unto you the whole armour of God", and from the Gospel of John, the healing of the nobleman's son . The cantata opens with the first stanza of the chorale "German: [[Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan]]" (1674) by Samuel Rodigast, but it is not a chorale cantata in the strict sense of Bach's second cantata cycle, cantatas on the stanzas of one chorale. He had then treated the same chorale completely in German: [[Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan, BWV 99|''Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan'', BWV 99]] |italic=unset (1724), and would do it later once more in German: [[Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan, BWV 100|''Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan'', BWV 100]] |italic=unset (1732).
The text of the chorale concentrates on trust in God, whereas the two cantatas previously composed for the occasion, German: [[Ich glaube, lieber Herr, hilf meinem Unglauben, BWV 109|''Ich glaube, lieber Herr, hilf meinem Unglauben'', BWV 109]] |italic=unset, and German: [[Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir, BWV 38|''Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir'', BWV 38]] |italic=unset, both started from doubt and distress. The poet Christoph Birkmann refers to general ideas from the gospel. He stresses that a prayer for salvation will be granted, in movement 4 according to, "knock, and it shall be opened unto you", and he continues in movement 5, paraphrasing Jacob in, "I will not let you go, except you bless me". This final movement is not a chorale, although its text begins like one, Christian Keymann's "German: [[Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht]]|italic=no" (1658).
Bach first performed the cantata on 10 November 1726. It is regarded as part of his third cantata cycle.
The cantata in five movements is intimately scored for four vocal soloists (soprano, alto, tenor and bass), a four-part choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of two oboes, taille (tenor oboe), two violins, viola, and basso continuo.
The cantata is scored like chamber music, especially compared to the chorale cantatas on the same chorale with a melody by Severus Gastorius. In the opening chorus, the mostly homophonic setting of the voices, with the oboes playing colla parte, is complemented by strings dominated by the first violin as an obbligato instrument rather than an independent orchestral concerto. The final line is in free polyphony, extended even during the long last note of the tune. All voices have extended melismas on the word "German: walten|italic=no" (govern), stressing that God is "ultimately in control". Strings and voices alternate in the bar form's two Stollen, but are united for the Abgesang.
Both recitatives are secco. The first aria is accompanied by an obbligato oboe. The first two measures of its theme are derived from the chorale tune. The ritornello is repeated after a first vocal section, "cease weeping and remain patient", and a second time, concluding a different vocal section, which renders "God's resoluteness" in a stream of triplets in the voice. The second aria is the final movement, dominated by the violins in unison in a similar structure as the first, two vocal sections framed by repeats of a ritornello. Bach hints at the regular closing chorale by beginning the vocal part with an embellished version of the first line of the hymn "German: Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht|italic=no" on a melody by Andreas Hammerschmidt on the same words as the cantata text. The first line appears in four of five entries of the voice.