Warthin–Starry stain explained

The Warthin–Starry stain (WS) is a silver nitrate-based staining method (a silver stain) used in histology. It was first introduced in 1920 by American pathologists Aldred Scott Warthin (1866–1931) and Allen Chronister Starry (1890–1973), for the detection of spirochetes.[1] [2] It has been considered a standard stain for the detection of spirochetes,[3] and is also used to stain Helicobacter pylori, Lawsonia intracellularis,[4] Microsporidia,[5] [6] and particulates.[7] It is also important for confirmation of Bartonella henselae, a causative organism in cat-scratch disease.

Warthin–Starry stains organisms dark brown to black, and the background light golden brown/golden yellow.[5]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Warthin-Starry stain . Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary . 2009-09-04.
  2. Warthin . AS . Starry . AC . 1920 . A more rapid and improved method of demonstrating spirochetes in tissues (Warthin and Starry's cover-glass method) . American Journal of Syphilis . 4 . 97–103 .
  3. Web site: Special Stains in Histology . University of Utah Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library . The Internet Pathology Laboratory . n.d.. 2009-09-04.
  4. 12921724. Aug 2003 . Comparison of diagnostic techniques for porcine proliferative enteropathy (Lawsonia intracellularis infection). 129. 2–3. 179–185 . 0021-9975. Journal of Comparative Pathology . 10.1016/S0021-9975(03)00030-6. Huerta . B. . Arenas . A.. Carrasco . L.. Maldonado . A.. Tarradas . C.. Carbonero . A.. Perea . A. . 3.
  5. 7516907 . 1993 . The Warthin-Starry stain in the diagnosis of small intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-infected patients . 40 . 4 . 261–6 . 0015-5683 . Folia parasitologica . PDF . Field . A. S. . Marriott . D. J. . Hing . M. C..
  6. 16862802 . 2004 . Słodkowicz-Kowalska, A . Laboratory diagnostics of human microsporidiosis . 50 . 4 . 679–89 . 0043-5163 . Wiadomosci parazytologiczne . Free full text.
  7. 10.1016/S0895-3988(08)60011-2 . Warthin-starry Silver Method Showing Particulate Matter in Macrophage1 . 2008 . Liu . H. . Biomedical and Environmental Sciences . 21 . 85–9 . 18478983.

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