Warrington Explained

Official Name:Warrington
Type:Town
Static Image Caption:The town hall, Transporter Bridge, parish church, Skittles on Market Gate square, Crown Street and Bridge Street
Population Ref:174,970 [1]
Area Total Km2:44.89
Unitary England:Warrington
Lieutenancy England:Cheshire
Region:North West England
Country:England
Post Town:Warrington
Postcode Area:WA
Postcode District:WA1–WA5
Dial Code:01925
Hide Services:Yes
Coordinates:53.39°N -2.59°W

Warrington is an industrial town in the borough of the same name in Cheshire, England. The town sits on the banks of the River Mersey and is historically part of Lancashire. It is 19miles east of Liverpool, and 18miles west of Manchester.

The population in 2021 was recorded as 174,970 for the built-up area and 210,900 for the wider borough,[1] [2] the latter being more than double that of 1968 when it became a new town. The population of Warrington stood at 211,200 [3] people as of 22 April 2024. Warrington is the largest town in the ceremonial county of Cheshire.

Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey. A new settlement was established by the Saxon Wærings.[4] By the Middle Ages, Warrington had emerged as a market town at the lowest bridging point of the river. A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time.[5]

The expansion and urbanisation of Warrington coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. The West Coast Main Line runs north to south through the town, and the Liverpool to Manchester railway (the Cheshire Lines route) west to east. The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough (west to east). The M6, M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town and are all accessible through Warrington.

The modern Borough of Warrington was formed in 1974 with the amalgamation of the former County Borough of Warrington, part of the Golborne Urban District, the Lymm Urban District, part of the Runcorn Rural District, the Warrington Rural District and part of the Whiston Rural District.

Toponymy

The earliest known appearance of the name is "Weringtun", when before the Norman Conquest it was the head of a hundred.[6] An entry in the Domesday Book in AD 1086 named it as "Wallintun".[7] The root is likely the Old English word waru – meaning "those that care for, watch, guard, protect, or defend." The suffix -ing is a cognate of inge, an ethnonym for the Ingaevones said variously to mean "of Yngvi,"[8] "family, people or followers of"[9] or a genitive plural form of an inhabitant appellation.[10] The suffix "ton" is from the Old English word tun meaning "fenced area" or "enclosure."

History

See main article: History of Warrington.

Early history

Warrington has been a major crossing point on the River Mersey since ancient times and there was a Roman settlement at Wilderspool.[11] Local archaeological evidence indicates that there were also Bronze Age settlements. In medieval times Warrington's importance was as a market town and bridging point of the River Mersey. The first reference to a bridge at Warrington is found in 1285.[12] The origin of the modern town was located in the area around St Elphin's Church, now included in the Church Street Conservation Area,[13] established whilst the main river crossing was via a ford approximately 1 km upriver of Warrington Bridge.[14] Warrington was the first paved town in Lancashire, which took place in 1321.[15]

English Civil War

Warrington was a fulcrum in the English Civil War. The armies of Oliver Cromwell and the Earl of Derby both stayed near the old town centre (the parish church area). Popular legend has it that Cromwell lodged near the building which survives on Church Street as the Cottage Restaurant. The Marquis of Granby public house bears a plaque stating that the Earl of Derby 'had his quarters near this site'. Dents in the walls of the parish church are rumoured to have been caused by the cannons from the time of the civil war. On 13 August 1651 Warrington was the scene of the last Royalist victory of the civil war when Scots troops under Charles II and David Leslie, Lord Newark, fought Parliamentarians under John Lambert at the Battle of Warrington Bridge.

Industrial history

The expansion and urbanisation of Warrington largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. As Britain became industrialised, Warrington embraced the Industrial Revolution becoming a manufacturing town and a centre of steel (particularly wire), textiles, brewing, tanning and chemical industries. The navigational properties of the River Mersey were improved, canals were built, and the town grew yet more prosperous and popular. When the age of steam came, Warrington naturally welcomed it, both as a means of transport and as a source of power for its mills.

Second World War

Warrington was the location of the Burtonwood RAF base and Risley Ordnance Factory. During World War II, RAF Burtonwood served as the largest US Army Air Force airfield outside the United States, and was visited by major American celebrities including Humphrey Bogart and Bob Hope who entertained the GIs. The RAF station continued to be used by the USAAF and subsequently USAF as a staging post for men and material until its closure in 1993.

Post-war expansion

Warrington was designated a new town in 1968 and consequently the population grew in size, with many of the town's new residents moving from Liverpool or Manchester, with the Birchwood area being developed on the former ROF Risley site. New council housing was built for families rehousing from slum clearances in Liverpool or Manchester, while Warrington's new private housing estates also became popular with homeowners.

Heavy industry declined in the 1970s and 1980s but the growth of the new town led to a great increase in employment in light industry, retail, distribution and technology.

IRA bombing

See main article: Warrington bombings. On 20 March 1993, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated two bombs in Warrington town centre. The blasts killed two children: three-year-old Johnathan Ball died instantly, and twelve-year-old Tim Parry, from the Great Sankey area, died five days later in hospital. Around 56 other people were injured, four seriously. Their deaths provoked widespread condemnation of the organisation responsible. The blast followed a bomb attack a few weeks earlier on a gas-storage plant in Warrington.

Tim Parry's father, Colin Parry, founded The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace (known as the Peace Centre) as part of a campaign to reconcile communities in conflict. The centre opened on the seventh anniversary of the bombing, 20 March 2000. He and his family still live in the town.

Other history

In 1981, Warrington was the first place to field a candidate for the new Social Democratic Party: former Home Secretary Roy Jenkins stood for Parliament but lost to Labour Party candidate Doug Hoyle by a small number of votes.

There was a RAF training camp at Padgate, a Royal Naval air base at Appleton Thorn (RNAS Stretton) and an army base at the Peninsula Barracks in O'Leary Street.[16] The Territorial Army was based at the Bath Street drill hall until they moved to Peninsula Barracks.[17]

In October 1987, Swedish home products retailer IKEA opened its first British store in the Burtonwood area of the town, bringing more than 200 retail jobs to the area.[18]

Governance

See main article: Borough of Warrington and Warrington Borough Council. The borough of Warrington is a unitary authority, with Warrington Borough Council providing both district-level and county-level functions. The central part of the modern borough, corresponding to the pre-1974 borough boundaries, is an unparished area; the rest of the borough is covered by civil parishes, which form a second tier of local government for their areas.[19] [20]

History

Warrington was an ancient parish comprising five townships, being Burtonwood, Poulton-with-Fearnhead, Rixton-with-Glazebrook, Woolston-with-Martinscroft and a Warrington township covering the town itself and adjoining areas. The parish was part of the West Derby Hundred of Lancashire, and the River Mersey formed the county boundary.[21] The land on the south bank of the river was in the township of Latchford, in the parish of Grappenhall in Cheshire.[22]

In 1813 improvement commissioners were appointed for the township of Warrington, being the town's first form of urban local government; prior to that the town was governed by its vestry and manorial courts.[23] The town was incorporated as a municipal borough by a royal charter dated 3 April 1847. The borough boundaries differed from the township in some areas: more rural parts of the Warrington township were excluded from the borough, whereas the built-up parts of Latchford on the south bank of the Mersey in Cheshire were included within the borough.[24]

From 1847 until 1889 the borough straddled Lancashire and Cheshire. In 1889 boroughs which straddled county boundaries were placed entirely in the county which had the majority of the population, and so the part of the borough south of the Mersey was transferred from Cheshire to Lancashire.[25] The borough boundaries were subsequently enlarged on several occasions, notably in 1890, 1933 and 1954.[26] [27] [28]

The town had its own police force from 1847 to 1969.[29]

Warrington acquired county borough status upon reaching a population of 50,000 in 1900 and until 1974 was known as the County Borough of Warrington. As part of proposed local government reforms of England, in 1969 the Redcliffe-Maud Report suggested merging Warrington with either Merseyside or Greater Manchester metropolitan counties. Lobbying by the borough council averted this. But, since these county boundary changes were to make Warrington non-contiguous with Lancashire, under the local government reforms of 1974, Warrington, incorporating Lymm Urban District and part of Runcorn Rural District from Cheshire, and part of Warrington Rural District, was made a borough within Cheshire County Council.

On 1 April 1998, Warrington became an independent unitary authority, though it is still served by Cheshire Police and Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service, and forms part of Cheshire for ceremonial purposes, such as the Lord Lieutenancy. Warrington has applied unsuccessfully for city status, the most recent attempt being after the opening of the Peace Centre as a "City for Peace".

National representation

At Westminster, Warrington is represented by two MPs: Charlotte Nichols represents Warrington North, and Sarah Hall represents Warrington South. Both are Labour MPs.

Warrington Borough Council

The current borders of Warrington Borough cover the former County Borough of Warrington, Lymm Urban District, Warrington Rural District and part of Golborne Urban District, part of Runcorn Rural District and part of Whiston Rural District.

After the May 2024 election the political makeup of the borough council was as follows: 42 Labour councillors, 12 Liberal Democrats, 3 Independents and 1 Conservative.[30]

Parish councils

The Borough of Warrington contains 18 parish councils, although the central area is unparished.

These are:[31]

Geography

The Borough of Warrington is bordered by Halton, Cheshire West and Chester, and Cheshire East boroughs in the ceremonial county of Cheshire and by the metropolitan boroughs of Trafford, Salford and Wigan in Greater Manchester and St. Helens in Merseyside.

Subdivisions, suburbs and civil parishes of Warrington

The Borough of Warrington has 18 civil parishes. The town centre and the area around it are unparished.

Civil parishes

Appleton, Birchwood, Burtonwood and Westbrook, Croft, Cuerdley, Culcheth and Glazebury, Grappenhall and Thelwall, Great Sankey, Hatton, Lymm, Penketh,Poulton-with-Fearnhead (includes Padgate), Rixton-with-Glazebrook, Stockton Heath, Stretton,Walton, Winwick, Woolston (includes Martinscroft and Paddington)

Other areas and civil parishes

Appleton Thorn, Bewsey, Blackbrook, Bruche, Callands, Chapelford, Cinnamon Brow, Cobbs, Dallam, Fairfield, Gemini, Gorse Covert, Grange, Hermitage Green, Hollins Green, Hood Manor, Howley, Hulme, Kenyon, Latchford, Locking Stumps, Longford, Old Hall, Omega, Orford, Risley, Sankey Bridges, Westbrook, Westy, Whitecross, Wilderspool, Wright's Green

Climate

Warrington has a temperate maritime climate with warm summers and cool winters. Rain is spread across the year, with thunderstorms only usually occurring in the summer months. Summer heat waves are rare but can cause temperatures to exceed 30 °C. Summers are usually snow free and rarely experience high winds. Winters are generally cold, with most days around 0 °C . Moreover, during occasional lengthy cold snaps, night-time temperatures have been known to fall to −12 °C with lying snow lasting for weeks. Ground frost regularly occurs from late October until late March. High winds are common in winter, although rarely above gale force 7.

Green belt

Warrington is within a green belt region that extends into the wider surrounding counties, and is in place to reduce urban sprawl, prevent the towns in the nearby Manchester and Merseyside conurbations from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage brownfield reuse, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas, and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.[32]

The main urban area and larger villages of the borough are exempt from the green belt area, but surrounding smaller villages, hamlets and rural areas such as Rixton, Glazebrook, Higher Walton, Kenyon, Stretton, Hatton, Broomedge are 'washed over' with the designation. The green belt was first drawn up in 1977 under Cheshire County Council,[32] and the size in the borough in 2017 amounted to 11500ha.[33]

A subsidiary aim of the green belt is to encourage recreation and leisure interests,[32] with rural landscape features and facilities including Walton Hall gardens with zoo and bicycle museum, St Oswald's Church and well, the River Mersey with valley and trail, River Bollin, Manchester Ship Canal, Bridgewater Canal, Appleton Reservoir, numerous playing fields, parks and golf clubs, Cuerdley and Norton marshes, the Trans Pennine Trail, the Mersey Forest project, and Sow Brook.

Demography

Based on ONS statistics

Population and ethnicity

At the 2011 census, Warrington had a total population of 202,200, of which 49.6% are male and 50.4% are female.[34] The average age of the population is 38.06 years, which is slightly below the regional and national averages. In 2018 it was estimated that the current population of Warrington is 209,500.

In addition to English, a further 36 languages were recorded spoken by more than 0.01% of Warrington's population aged 3 and over in the 2011 census. Those spoken by more than 0.1% were Polish (0.88%), Slovak (0.21%), Urdu (0.14%), Latvian (0.12%) Non Mandarin or Cantonese Chinese (0.12%) and Tagalog/Filipino (0.11%).

There are around 100 churches or other Christian communities, two mosques, and a Sikh temple Guru Nanak Gurdwara which is the only Sikh place of worship in Cheshire.[35]

The most multicultural parts of Warrington are in the town centre, as well as the western and north western suburbs, such as Bewsey and Westbrook. In 2011, the town was 92.9% White British, 2.3% other White, 2.4% Asian and 0.3% Black.

Housing and social situation

At the 2011 census, the borough of Warrington had 85,100 households. From 2001 data (80,593 households), 76% were owner occupied, 17.6% were rented from the council, 4.8% were rented from other sources and 1.6% of houses had residents who lived rent free. Warrington has a population density of 10.7 residents per hectare, and 31.9% of residents describe the borough as a comfortably well-off area. 4.3% of households are deemed overcrowded. Of the total population, 5.8% of residents are on some form of benefits.

Employment and education

At 2005, the borough of Warrington had 63.6% employment, with only 2.9% of all economically active people unemployed – although a substantial rise began in 2008 due to the recession. 2.3% of the population are students in full-time higher education. 31.1% of the total population are economically inactive (due to retirement, ill health, or full-time carer status). According to borough statistics, of the population (in the Borough of Warrington in 2005). 26.9% are unqualified (either due to leaving school early or failing the end of school examinations). 46.4% have level 1 or 2 qualifications (level 1 being 1+ GCSE (A*-G) or "O" Level or equivalent, level 2 being 5+ GCSEs (grades A-C), 1+'A' levels/ AS levels (A-E) or equivalent). 19.7% have received level 3+ qualifications (meaning 2+ A-levels (A-E), 4+ AS-levels (A-E) or equivalent minimum).

Economy

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Halton and Warrington at current basic prices.[36]

Year Regional gross value added[37] Agriculture[38] Industry[39] Services[40]
1995 3,636 14 1,361 2,261
2000 4,768 10 1,433 3,324
2003 5,774 18 1,399 4,356

There is a large Unilever factory in Warrington where powder detergents are made. In January 2020, Unilever put the plant under review owing to a fall in demand for washing powder compared with other forms of detergent.[41]

Warrington Council and Warrington & Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust are major employers in the borough.

ESR Technology's main operations are located at Warrington.

Retail

In spite of its proximity to significant retail areas in Manchester, Liverpool, Chester and the out-of-town Trafford Centre, Warrington continues to have one of the larger shopping centres in North West England. Despite the competition, Warrington has seen an increase in its customer trade, due in part to the modernisation of the town centre. It has a shopping centre (Golden Square) first opened in 1974,[42] which has been extended to include a Primark store, and a new bus station.[43]

The old Cockhedge Textile Mill was demolished and replaced by another shopping mall. The main shopping streets are Buttermarket Street, Horsemarket Street, Sankey Street and Bridge Street. Where these four streets intersect at Market Gate, there is a redevelopment with a large fountain and "guardians" (known locally as "the skittles") designed by Howard Ben Tré. Musical instrument retailer Dawsons Music originates in the town, and was located on Sankey Street from 1898 until 2019.[44] The town also has a large indoor market which was redeveloped as part of the Time Square development which brought the return of a cinema in the town centre along with office space, restaurants, bars and retail opportunities.[45]

The town also has several other small shopping malls located in the town centre and throughout the town such as Hatters Row and Birchwood Mall.[46] IKEA chose Warrington as the location for their first store when they came to the UK; the store is located in the large out-of-town shopping area of Gemini, which is home to one of the largest Marks and Spencer stores in the UK. Nearby to this, there is also an ODEON Luxe cinema, which was refurbished in 2019. [47]

Leisure

There is ten-pin bowling located in the town centre and at Winwick Quay, and indoor paintball. An indoor karting centre is located near to Bank Quay. Pitch and putt and crazy golf are available at Walton Hall and Gardens. A Laser Quest arena and a snooker club can also be found in Warrington, both located close to the town centre. Gulliver's World theme park is located in Old Hall, Apple Jack's Farm theme park is situated in Stretton.

Developments

The Omega Development Site close to the M62 on the northern edge of Warrington, on part of the site of the Burtonwood Airbase, was intended to be a major business park but has instead been developed as mainly warehousing with a large residential area.

Other planned developments in Warrington were delayed by the economic climate, but redevelopment of the Time Square area, including a new Market, multi-story car park with around 1,200 spaces, cinema, retail outlets and council offices was completed in 2020 with an estimated cost of £142 million.

Warrington is developing a new Local Plan but plans to build 24,000 new homes were scaled back as government guidance changed. Included in the plans would be a new "Garden City Suburb" in the south of Warrington. The four main areas of growth as outlined in the planning were the waterfront around the River Mersey, the town centre, the Garden City Suburb and south west urban extension.[48]

Transport

See main article: Transport in Warrington.

The town has two main railway stations: Bank Quay is on the West Coast Main Line between London Euston and Glasgow Central and the Manchester Piccadilly to North Wales via Chester line, while Central is on the Liverpool to Manchester line (via Widnes and Warrington) with through services to Sheffield then to East Anglia or Cleethorpes. Bank Quay is much altered, but Central (built 1873) is of some architectural merit, featuring polychromatic brickwork. Both have undergone some refurbishment including new entrances. There are also railway stations in the suburbs at Padgate, Sankey, Glazebrook and Birchwood. A new railway station, Warrington West in Chapelford, near Great Sankey, opened in December 2019.[49]

The town lies close to the M62, M6 and M56 motorways and midway between Liverpool and Manchester airports. It also has five primary A roads, the A49, A50, A56, A57 and A580 (East Lancashire Road), which forms part of the northern boundary of the borough.

Warrington's Own Buses, one of the few municipal bus companies to survive in public ownership, runs most bus services within the town. The Bee Network and Arriva North West provide bus links to surrounding destinations such as Manchester, the Trafford Centre, Liverpool, St Helens, Runcorn, Widnes and Chester. A real-time passenger information system is installed at some bus stops. A new bus station known as Warrington Interchange opened in 2006 at the Golden Square Shopping Centre.

The River Mersey runs through the heart of the town dividing it in two. There are only two main thoroughfares crossing the Mersey in Warrington: at Warrington Bridge at Bridge Foot and at the Kingsway Bridge. Before the M6 was built, these routes were very busy with through traffic.

The Manchester Ship Canal runs through the south of the town; three swing bridges and a high-level cantilever bridge provide crossing points. Although shipping movements on the ship canal are far less frequent than in years past, they can cause severe delay to local road traffic. The Bridgewater Canal runs through the borough from the village of Lymm to Walton Hall and Gardens, a local park/leisure area. The course of the Sankey Canal runs through the west of the town, although the only navigable section is at the lock to the River Mersey estuary at Fiddlers Ferry.

Warrington Bus Interchange

The interchange consists of 19 departure stands, numbered from 1 to 19, all of which employ a drive-in reverse-out layout. Each stand has a computerised information screen which also ties into the real-time information system. All stands are served from the main concourse building, which contains toilets, a newsagent, cafe, and a combined travel and tourist information office. There is access to the Golden Square shopping centre via escalators and lifts. The exits on the eastern side of the building lead onto Winwick Street, on which can be found a taxi rank and Warrington Central railway station within around 100 metres.

The bus station is the terminus for all local bus services within Warrington. Regional services operate to neighbouring cities Liverpool, Manchester and Chester, as well as to Wigan, Leigh, the Trafford Centre, Altrincham, Northwich, Runcorn, Widnes and St Helens. The majority of bus services are operated by Warrington's Own Buses. Other services are provided by Arriva North West and Bee Network.

History

Warrington Bus Interchange (also known as Warrington Interchange) opened on 21 August 2006,[50] next to the site of a temporary terminus that had been in use for the past thirteen months. The new interchange was built in conjunction with the extension and upgrade of the adjoining Golden Square shopping centre, and replaced the previous bus station which dated from 1979.[51]

In 2021, a 3.5 metre artwork was painted on glass at the bus station.[52]

Culture

In March 2017 Warrington Borough Council made an unsuccessful bid to become the UK City of Culture in 2021.[53] However, various aspects of the town's cultural heritage gained prominence as a result of the bid such as the Grade II-listed Warrington Transporter Bridge, the last railway transporter bridge in the world, and the Warrington Academy which once earned the town the nickname of the Athens of the North.[54]

Warrington has a concert hall (the Parr Hall), an arts centre (the Pyramid), three museums, and various public libraries throughout the borough. Warrington Central Library was the first rate-supported library in the UK.

There is a cinema at Westbrook, and another opened in 2019 as part of a town centre redevelopment. There are several parks in Warrington and designated nature reserves at Woolston Eyes, Risley Moss, Rixton Claypits and Paddington Meadows.

Museums

Warrington Museum & Art Gallery is situated in Warrington's Cultural Quarter on the first floor of a building it currently shares with Warrington Central Library. The town is also home to the Museum of Policing in Cheshire,[55] located in part of the working police station, and the Warrington Museum of Freemasonry.[56]

A heritage centre for the village of Lymm was given planning permission in February 2016.[57]

Events

A number of festivals, carnivals and walking days are held annually in the Warrington area. Warrington Walking Day – originally a Sunday school festival – is held on the closest Friday to the last day of June, and the town centre is closed to traffic as churches walk together through the streets.[58]

Other festivals, besides the many walking days, include:

Music

A regular series of free classical music concerts take place in Bold Street Methodist Church, organised by WACIDOM.[59] This charity is also responsible for the biennial Warrington Competition for Young Musicians, held at Arley Hall. Regular classical recitals also take place at Walton Hall and St Wilfrid's Church, Grappenhall. Warrington also has many musical groups, including Warrington Male Voice Choir, Gemini Musical Theatre Company (formerly Warrington Light Opera), Warrington Youth Orchestra, North Cheshire Wind Orchestra, Centenary Theatre Company and ladies a cappella choir, the Cheshire Chord Company.

Warrington has a purpose-built concert hall, the Parr Hall, which houses a large and internationally famous concert pipe-organ made by the nineteenth-century French organ-builder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.

A number of rock and pop musicians are associated with Warrington. Madchester pioneers The Stone Roses are closely associated with the town, particularly the native lead singer Ian Brown. Other artists include Spike Dawbarn from 1990s music act band 911, Kerry Katona of Atomic Kitten, Ben Byrne and James Stelfox from Starsailor and Tim Bowness of No-Man. The band Viola Beach (whose single "Swings & Waterslides" posthumously entered the UK Singles Chart at number 11) were formed in Warrington.

The Hit Man and Her TV show featuring producer Pete Waterman (of Stock Aitken Waterman) and Michaela Strachan debuted and regularly returned to the Mr Smiths nightclub in Warrington from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. The nightclub itself closed down in 2010.[60]

Warrington is home to the Neighbourhood Weekender music festival[61] which takes place in Victoria Park during the May bank holiday weekend. The event was first launched in 2018, over 50,000 people attended the event over the two days. The event was repeated in 2019 and was scheduled to return in 2020 but did not take place as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown. The event was subsequently held in 2021, 2022 and 2023. Plans for a 2024 festival were cancelled but will take place again in 2025.[62]

Open spaces

Warrington has an array of open spaces, including parks, trails, nature reserves and gardens rich in history and visual beauty. Many of these attractions are dog friendly, and free of charge to enter, usually with man-made paths created to ensure safety. The attractions include:

Warrington is also home to other small parks and open spaces such Woolston park, Birchwood forest park and Bank park. Most open areas are dog friendly and only require unfriendly dogs to be kept under proper control by owners.

Heritage

See also: Listed buildings in Warrington (unparished area), Grade I and II* listed buildings in Warrington and List of Conservation Areas in Warrington.

The historic core of Warrington contains many significant listed buildings, including Warrington Town Hall, St Elphin's Church and Warrington Museum, situated within Conservation Areas.

Education

Higher education

The University of Chester has a campus at Padgate that was formerly part of Warrington Collegiate.

Colleges

Warrington is home to three colleges: Priestley Sixth Form and Community College, Warrington and Vale Royal College and University Technical College Warrington.[63] [64] Most of the high schools have their own post-16 provision (sixth-form).

Schools

See also: List of schools in Warrington. There are 14 high schools throughout the borough:

Region School name Type of school Headteacher/principal Pupils
Academy Converter Emma Mills 1,124
Community Chris Hunt 1,132
Academy Converter Kieron Powell 1,650
Church of England (Aided) Beverley Scott-Herron 752
Roman Catholic (Aided) David Lewis 780
Academy Converter John Shannon 2,000
Academy Converter Gwyn Williams1,877
Academy Converter Neil Harrison 455
Academy Converter John Carlin1,137
Roman Catholic (Aided)Edward McGlinchey 988
Academy Converter Gareth Harris 750
Free School Katie Sharp 320
Bright Futures School Private Ruth Clifford 30
Chaigeley SchoolPrivate Paul Lambert 35

Woolston High School closed in 2012.

There are also 69 primary schools in the borough.

The Manchester Japanese School (マンチェスター日本人補習授業校 Manchesutā Nihonjin Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a weekend Japanese educational programme, is held at the Language Centre at Lymm High School.[65]

Sport

Rugby league is the town's premier sport in the form of Warrington Wolves, who were historically nicknamed "The Wire"[66] because of Warrington's history of wire making. In 2003 the club left Wilderspool Stadium, its home for over a century, and moved to the Halliwell Jones Stadium. Warrington RLFC are the only team to have played every season in the top flight of rugby league. They established themselves as one of the leading rugby clubs in the country by taking home the Challenge Cup for two years running in 2009 and 2010 and a further win in 2012. This was won by them for the first time since 1974.[67]

The club also reached the cup finals in 2016 and 2018, where they lost to Hull FC & Catalans Dragons respectively. In 2019, Warrington triumphed over St Helens in the Challenge Cup Final, 18-4, to lift the trophy for the 7th time. In 2011 the Wolves gained the Super League Leaders Shield for the first time (winning again in 2016), and in 2012 they appeared in the Super League Grand Final for the first time versus Leeds Rhinos with the chance to become only the third team to win the Challenge Cup/Grand Final double – however, they lost. They also reached the Grand Final again in 2013, 2016 and 2018, losing to Wigan Warriors on all occasions, Warrington's last domestic title came in 1955, when they beat Oldham at Manchester City's Maine Road. Warrington is represented in the British Amateur Rugby League Association leagues by:

Football is represented by Warrington Town at Cantilever Park, next to the Manchester Ship Canal. The club has several nicknames including Town, Yellows and The Wire. Warrington Town are currently in National League North following promotion in 2023. Warrington's biggest success was in the 2014 FA Cup where they reached the first round proper for the first time, whilst in the eighth tier. Warrington drew Exeter City of the fourth tier, who were at the time of the game 100 places above the Yellows. The match was shown live on BBC One and sold out Cantilever Park. Warrington famously won the game 1–0, but lost to 5th-tier Gateshead in the second round. The town also has another non-league team, Rylands F.C. who currently play in the .[68]

Rowing in Warrington may well have been taking place for nearly 200 years. It is known that Warrington Regatta is well over 150 years old, often attracting large crowds on the riverbank.The modern Warrington rowing club started in the mid-1980s and is based near Kingsway Bridge. Warrington is home to both recreational and competitive rowers.

Warrington Athletic Club is based at Victoria Park, where a new eight-lane synthetic track was built in 1998, after the original track was destroyed in a fire the previous year.

Speedway racing, formerly known as dirt track racing, was staged in Warrington in its pioneering era between 1928 and 1930. The track entered a team in the 1929 English Dirt Track League and the 1930 Northern League. Efforts to revive the venue in 1947 failed to materialise.

Warrington Wolves Basketball team was set up in 2009 and competes in the English Basketball League Division Four.

Warrington has four predominant rugby union teams: Warrington RUFC, Lymm RFC, Gentlemen of Moore RUFC and Eagle RUFC, who are based at Thornton Road.

Media

Warrington receives its television signals from the Winter Hill TV transmitter.

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Manchester, BBC Radio Merseyside, Heart North West, Capital North West & Wales and Independent Local Radio station Greatest Hits Radio Liverpool & The North West (formerly Wire FM), formerly based in Orrell, also serves the Warrington area.Community radio station Radio Warrington broadcasts from a studio in Warrington Retail Market.[69] They hold an AM licence and have received planning permission for a transmitter, though their broadcasts are currently only available online.

Warrington's longest established newspaper is the Warrington Guardian. Published weekly and costing £1, it is currently owned by Newsquest and has sales of just over 17,000.[70] Bridge Foot based Orbit News Ltd produce a monthly free news magazine, Warrington Worldwide, as well as three community magazines, Warrington Worldwide, Lymm Life (first published April 1999) and Culcheth Life (First published April 2003) and the daily news website. The free monthly newspaper Cheshire Times is also distributed in the southern half of the borough.

Landmarks

See also Listed buildings in Warrington

Churches and other religious buildings

Civic amenities

Industrial and commercial structures

Other

Notable people

Up to 1700

1700 to 1800

1800 to 1900

1900 to 1950

1950 to date

Music

Sport

Twin towns

Warrington is twinned with:

The villages of Lymm and Culcheth, within the borough, are twinned respectively with these French communes:[146] [147]

Freedom of the Borough

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Warrington.

Individuals

Military units

[148]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales: Census 2021 . Census 2021 . Office for National Statistics . 8 August 2023.
  2. Web site: Population and household estimates, England and Wales: Census 2021 . Office for National Statistics . 12 January 2024.
  3. Web site: Warrington Population (2024) - Total Population .
  4. Book: Allen, Grant. Anglo-Saxon Britain. 1910. New York, E. S. Gorham. The Library of Congress.
  5. Web site: Your guide to Warrington bus services and attractions from Arriva. Arrivabus.co.uk. en. 5 July 2018.
  6. Book: Farrer, William . A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5 . Victoria County History. 1911 .
  7. Book: Clatton, John . Archaeologia Aeliana, Or, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity, Volume 8 . William Dodd . 1876.
  8. Book: Seibricke, Wilfried . Historisches Duteches Vornamenbuch . de Gruyter . 1996 . 3-11-014445-X . 712 . German.
  9. Surrey Archaeological Society Medieval Studies Forum. Briggs. Robert J. S.. Godalming and Old English -ingas name formations. Godalming. 2022-06-01. 2016-06-11.
  10. Web site: Settlement names in -inge. Names in Denmark. 28 December 2011 . Department of Nordic Research. 17 May 2020.
  11. Book: Hinchcliffe. J.. Williams. J.H.. Roman Warrington: Excavations at Wilderspool 1966–9 & 1976, Brigantia Monograph No 2. Manchester University. 1992.
  12. Web site: Famous firsts, figures and important dates. www.warrington.gov.uk. 20 February 2016. en. Sian. Evans. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160302182300/https://www.warrington.gov.uk/info/201142/local_history_and_heritage/53/famous_firsts_figures_and_important_dates/3. 2 March 2016. dmy-all.
  13. Web site: Planning policy documents Warrington Borough Council. www.warrington.gov.uk. 20 February 2016. Warrington Borough. Council. https://web.archive.org/web/20160223090752/https://www.warrington.gov.uk/downloads/file/8653/church_street_conservation_area_appraisal. 23 February 2016. dead.
  14. Web site: Planning policy documents Warrington Borough Council. www.warrington.gov.uk. 20 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160302180058/https://www.warrington.gov.uk/downloads/file/8651/bridge_street_conservation_area_appraisal. 2 March 2016. dead.
  15. Web site: Famous firsts, figures and important dates. Evans. Sian. Warrington.gov.uk. en. 5 July 2018. 6 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180706021837/https://www.warrington.gov.uk/info/201142/local-history-and-heritage/53/famous-firsts-figures-and-important-dates. dead.
  16. Web site: Townships: Warrington, A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 3 . 1907. 316–324. 10 August 2014.
  17. Web site: 5th/8th Battalion, The King's Regiment. Regiments.org. 8 September 2017. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070816074532/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-england/vinf-no/la-KING58.htm. 16 August 2007.
  18. Web site: Home is the most important place in the world.. IKEA. https://web.archive.org/web/20110928132114/http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_IE/about_ikea/press/PR_FILES/IKEA_21Years_PP.pdf. 28 September 2011.
  19. Web site: Lancashire: Diagram showing administrative boundaries, 1969 . National Library of Scotland . Ordnance Survey . 12 January 2024.
  20. Web site: Election Maps . Ordnance Survey . 12 January 2024.
  21. Web site: Warrington Ancient Parish / Civil Parish . A Vision of Britain through Time . GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth . 11 January 2024.
  22. Web site: Grappenhall Ancient Parish / Civil Parish . A Vision of Britain through Time . GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth . 12 January 2024.
  23. Web site: Warrington Improvement and Bridewell Act 1813 . legislation.gov.uk . The National Archives . 11 January 2024.
  24. Web site: Warrington Improvement and Market Act 1854 . legislation.gov.uk . The National Archives . 11 January 2024.
  25. [Local Government Act 1888]
  26. Web site: Warrington Extension and Water Act 1890 . legislation.gov.uk . The National Archives . 11 January 2024.
  27. Web site: Warrington Extension Act 1932 . legislation.gov.uk . The National Archives . 11 January 2024.
  28. Web site: Warrington Municipal Borough / County Borough . A Vision of Britain through Time . GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth . 11 January 2024.
  29. page 160 'The history of Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary 1856–2006' (2006), Just before the First World War Warrington County Borough Police had 82 police officers (The Police Encyclopedia Vol 2 by Hargrave L Adam (London: Waverley Book Company) (no date but published circa 1910)).
  30. Web site: Election results 2024 | warrington.gov.uk. www.warrington.gov.uk.
  31. Web site: Parish councils warrington.gov.uk . 2024-06-09 . www.warrington.gov.uk.
  32. Web site: Warrington Borough Council – Green Belt Assessment Final Report. Warrington.gov.uk. 22 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025109/https://www.warrington.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/11804/green_belt_assessment_final_report_oct_2016pdf.pdf. 16 February 2018. dead.
  33. Web site: Green belt statistics – GOV.UK. Gov.uk. 12 October 2023 . en.
  34. Web site: Census. www.warrington.gov.uk. 21 February 2016. en. Jess. Harbidge. 3 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303040837/https://www.warrington.gov.uk/info/201114/publications_and_strategies/1073/census. dead.
  35. Web site: Gurudwaras in United Kingdom . 28 June 2008 . Gateway to Sikhism. https://web.archive.org/web/20110928082037/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2418. 28 September 2011. live.
  36. Web site: Regional Gross Value. https://web.archive.org/web/20060525140007/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf. 10 March 2022. 25 May 2006.
  37. Includes hunting and forestry.
  38. Includes energy and construction.
  39. Includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured.
  40. Components may not sum to totals due to rounding.
  41. News: Call to save Warrington's Unilever washing powder factory . BBC . 30 January 2020 . 30 January 2020 .
  42. Web site: History of Warrington Market. Evans. Sian. Warrington.gov.uk. en. 2 July 2018. 2 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180702233317/https://www.warrington.gov.uk/info/201142/local-history-and-heritage/54/history-of-warrington-market. dead.
  43. News: Centre Map – Golden Square Warrington. Gswarrington.com. 2 July 2018. en-GB.
  44. Web site: Dawsons to close Warrington HQ after 121 year presence in the town . Warrington Worldwide . 24 November 2020 . 8 March 2019.
  45. Web site: The Scheme – Time Square. Timessquarewarrington.co.uk. 12 April 2016 .
  46. Web site: Homepage. Birchwoodshoppingcentre.co.uk. 10 March 2022.
  47. Web site: Odeon Luxe Warrington in Warrington, GB - Cinema Treasures. cinematreasures.org.
  48. Web site: Local plan review - supporting documents | Local plan review - supporting documents | Warrington Borough Council . 22 July 2017 . 4 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190304231224/https://www.warrington.gov.uk/info/201368/local_plan_review/2347/local_plan_review_-_supporting_documents . dead .
  49. News: Warrington West: Town's new £20.5m railway station opens . BBC . 16 December 2019 . 17 December 2019 .
  50. News: 16 August 2007. New bus station is built to last. Warrington Guardian. 17 February 2009.
  51. News: 1 August 2005. New bus station makes history. Warrington Guardian. dead. 17 February 2009. https://archive.today/20070713150527/http://archive.thisischeshire.co.uk/2005/8/1/256019.html. 13 July 2007.
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  53. News: Warrington bids to become UK City of Culture. ITV News. 29 March 2017. en.
  54. News: 17 July 2017. Warrington may not have a castle or a cathedral but it was once dubbed the Athens of the North. Warrington Guardian. 16 January 2023.
  55. Web site: The Museum of Policing in Cheshire. www.museumofpolicingincheshire.org.uk. 20 February 2016.
  56. Web site: Warrington Museum of Freemasonry. Warrington. 20 February 2016. en-US.
  57. Web site: Green light for Lymm Heritage Centre plans. Warrington Worldwide. 13 February 2016. 20 February 2016.
  58. Book: Forrest, David. Warrington Walking Day: A Brief History.
  59. Web site: WACIDOM. Musicinwarrington.org.uk. 29 March 2017.
  60. Web site: 2023-02-01 . Memories of 'legendary' and 'iconic' venue Mr Smiths as The Hitman and Her turns 35 . 2024-02-16 . Warrington Guardian . en.
  61. Web site: Home page . Neighbourhood Weekedner . 7 June 2019.
  62. Web site: 2023-11-14 . Confirmed: Neighbourhood Weekender is NOT happening in 2024 . 2024-02-12 . Warrington Guardian . en.
  63. Web site: Place North West Warrington UTC set to go on site. Place North West. 13 March 2015 . 20 February 2016. en-GB.
  64. Web site: UTC Warrington event is a huge success – Warrington and Co. Warrington and Co. 20 February 2016. en-US.
  65. Web site: Contact Us. Manchester Japanese School. 15 February 2015. "Oughtrington Lane, Lymm, Cheshire, WA13 0RB, UK (Language Centre at Lymm High School)"
  66. Web site: The History of Warrington Wolves. h2g2. 16 October 2007. 2 December 2015.
  67. Web site: Warrington Wolves. mywarrington. 2 December 2015.
  68. https://www.warringtonguardian.co.uk/sport/17733861.rylands-gear-up-for-north-west-counties-premier-division/ Rylands gear up for North West Counties Premier Division
  69. Web site: Radio Warrington now broadcasting from Warrington Market. Warrington Worldwide. 23 May 2015. 20 February 2016.
  70. Web site: Newsquest plans to cut 12 more jobs in North West including web editor and social media editor Press Gazette. www.pressgazette.co.uk. 9 November 2015 . 20 February 2016.
  71. Web site: An Historic Guide to Warrington Town Hall . Warrington Borough Council . 2007 . 23 May 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070712025833/http://www.warrington.gov.uk/Leisureandculture/Localhistoryandheritage/Town_Hall_Guide.aspx . 12 July 2007.
  72. News: Ikea: The History . The Guardian . 23 May 2007 . London . 17 June 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20070128175828/http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0%2C%2C1240464%2C00.html. 28 January 2007.
  73. Web site: Cromwell's Cottage still makes the Grade; Taste Test Indian meal for Tina Miles sees her follow in Oliver's footsteps.. Tina. Miles. Liverpool Echo via The Free Library. 24 November 2011. 2 December 2015.
  74. Bell, James (1524-1584) . 4 . 163.
  75. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Dallam Encyclopædia Britannica
  76. Barlow, Edward (1639-1719). 3 . 219.
  77. Harrison, John (1693-1776) . 25.
  78. http://www.rmg.co.uk/discover/explore/longitude-found-John-Harrison Royal Museums Greenwich, Longitude found
  79. http://www.womenhistoryblog.com/2008/09/susanna-wright.html History of American Women Quaker Poet on the Pennsylvania Frontier
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  81. Charlotte Fell . Smith . Macgowan, John . 35 . 92.
  82. Thomas . Bettany . Blackburne, Anna . 5 . 121.
  83. Evanson, Edward . 10 . 3.
  84. Priestley, Joseph . 22 . 322.
  85. http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/barbauld/biography.html A Celebration of Women Writers Anna Lætitia Aikin Barbauld (1743–1825)
  86. John Joseph . Knight. Whitlock, Elizabeth . 61 . 140.
  87. https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84-136140/ OCLC WorldCat Drinkwater, John 1762–1844
  88. Aikin, Arthur . 1 . 437.
  89. Aikin, Charles Rochemont . 1 . 185.
  90. Ernest . Radford . Aikin, Edmund . 1 . 185.
  91. Arthur Aikin . Brodribb . Aikin, Lucy . 1 . 186.
  92. Aikin, John . 1 . 737; see para 2. His daughter, Lucy Aikin (1781–1864), born at Warrington......
  93. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; William Beamont diaries in Warrington Library; Web site: History of the Mayor. Warrington Borough Council. https://web.archive.org/web/20071111064831/http://www.warrington.gov.uk/Councilanddemocracy/Councillorsdemocracyandelections/mayor/history.aspx. 11 November 2007.
  94. Charles, James . 353.
  95. Fildes, Sir Luke . 10 . 339.
  96. https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-gilbert-greenall/index.html HANSARD 1803–2005 → People (G)
  97. https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-joseph-leicester/index.html Hansard 1803–2005, Mr Joseph Leicester
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  101. Web site: Monument Restored. The George Formby Society. 2 December 2015.
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  104. Web site: Reginald Waywell. 18 January 2023.
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  106. Web site: VOTE: Our top 10 favourite Warringtonians. Warrington Guardian. 28 February 2014 . 28 February 2014.
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  113. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/12/labour-liam-byrne-lowest-point-theres-no-money-note The Guardian Wednesday 12 October 2016
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  122. News: 'Elton John listening to us blows my mind': Yard Act on humour, despair and celebrity fans. 17 January 2021 . 4 January 2022 . The Guardian.
  123. Book: Mortimer. Roger . Onslow. Richard. Willett. Peter. Biographical Encyclopedia of British Flat Racing. Macdonald and Jane's. 1978. 0-354-08536-0.
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  125. Web site: Liverpool career stats for Roger Hunt – LFChistory – Stats galore for Liverpool FC!. Lfchistory.net. 10 March 2022.
  126. News: Hadfield . Dave. 23 October 1992. Rugby League: Fulton plays honorary consul: Dave Hadfield on the man from mining stock in Warrington who became a leader Down Under . The Independent. 6 June 2011.
  127. Web site: Gary Bannister | Football Stats | No Club | Age 61 | 1978–1995. Soccerbase.com. 10 March 2022.
  128. Web site: The Home of CricketArchive. Cricketarchive.com. 10 March 2022.
  129. Web site: Neil Fairbrother player profile . Cricinfo.com . 16 October 2007.
  130. Web site: Tony Ward . doncasterrovers.co.uk . 20 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170320233827/http://www.doncasterrovers.co.uk/players/UtoW/Ward,Tony.htm . 20 March 2017.
  131. Web site: Tony Bullock | Football Stats | No Club | Age 50 | 1996–2019 . Soccerbase.com. 10 March 2022.
  132. Web site: Stephen Foster | Football Stats | No Club | Age 41 | 1997–2014 . Soccerbase.com. 10 March 2022.
  133. Web site: David Wright | Football Stats | No Club | Age 41 | 1997–2015 . Soccerbase.com. 10 March 2022.
  134. Web site: Ian Sharps | Football Stats | No Club | Age 41 | 1998–2017 . Soccerbase.com. 10 March 2022.
  135. Web site: Matt Doughty | Football Stats | Warrington Town | Age 40 . Soccerbase.com. 10 March 2022.
  136. Web site: James Chester | Football Stats | Stoke City | Age 33 . Soccerbase.com. 10 March 2022.
  137. Web site: Jesse Lingard | Football Stats | Manchester United | Age 29 . Soccerbase.com. 10 March 2022.
  138. Web site: Jack Robinson | Football Stats | Sheffield United | Age 28 . Soccerbase.com. 10 March 2022.
  139. Web site: Council . Warrington Borough . Twin towns Warrington Borough Council . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160302190912/https://www.warrington.gov.uk/twintowns . 2 March 2016 . 20 February 2016 . www.warrington.gov.uk.
  140. Web site: Partnerská města . 2023-11-20 . Město Náchod . cs.
  141. Web site: Partnerská města České Skalice . 2023-11-20 . Oficiální stránky města Česká Skalice . cs.
  142. Web site: Partnerství . 2023-11-20 . Město Červený Kostelec . cs.
  143. Web site: Partnerská města . 2023-11-20 . Město Hronov . cs.
  144. Web site: Partnerská města . 2023-11-20 . Oficiální stránky města Jaroměř . cs.
  145. Web site: Partnerská města . 2023-11-20 . Nové Město nad Metují – oficiální stránky . cs.
  146. Web site: Lymm Twin Town Society. Lymm Twin Town Society. 20 February 2016.
  147. Web site: Culcheth. culcheth.org.uk. 20 February 2016.
  148. Web site: The Mayor's role and history: Freedom of the Borough . Warrington Borough Council . 8 June 2019.

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