| Waraqah ibn Nawfal | |
| Death Date: | 610 CE |
| Father: | Nawfal ibn Asad |
| Mother: | Hind bint Abi Kathir |
| Relations: | Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (cousin) |
| Family: | Banu Asad (Quraysh) |
Waraqah ibn Nawfal ibn Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusayy Al-Qurashi (Arabic Arabic: ورقه بن نوفل بن أسد بن عبد العزّى بن قصي القرشي) was a Christian Arabian ascetic who was the paternal first cousin of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, the first wife of Muhammad. He was considered to be a hanif, who practised the pure form of monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia. Waraqah died shortly after Muhammad is said to have received his first revelation in 610 CE.[1]
Waraqah and Khadija were also cousins of Muhammad: their paternal grandfather Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza was Muhammad's matrilineal great-great-grandfather.[2] By another reckoning, Waraqah was Muhammad's third cousin: Asad ibn Abd-al-Uzza was a grandson of Muhammad's patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather Qusai ibn Kilab. Waraqah was the son of a man called Nawfal and his consort—Hind, daughter of Abī Kat̲h̲īr. Waraqah was proposed to marry Khadija, but the marriage never took place.[3]
Waraqah is revered in Islamic tradition for being one of the first hanifs to believe in the prophecy of Muhammad.[4]
When told of Muhammad's first revelation (which is understood to be Sura 96:1-5), Waraqah said his call to prophecy was authentic. Tradition recounts Waraqah saying: "There has come to him the greatest Law that came to Moses; surely he is the prophet of this people".[5]
Two different narrations from Aisha give these details.
Some poems have been reported to be composed by Waraqah for his companion Zayd ibn Amr bin Nufayl.
Once in the heat of the day Waraqah passed an open valley, where Umayyah ibn Khalaf was forcing his slave Bilal ibn Rabah to lie with a large rock on his chest until he denied his faith and worshipped Al-Lat and Al-‘Uzzá. Bilal kept insisting, "One, one!" i.e., there was only one God. Waraqah joined, "One, one, by God, Bilal!" He then protested against the abuse, telling Umayyah and his clan: "I swear by God that if you kill him in this way, I will make his tomb a shrine." Umayyah took no notice.[6]
Ibn Kathir doubts this tradition because the persecution of the Muslims only began several years after Waraqah's death.[7] However, Sprenger points out that Bilal, being ancestrally Abyssinian, might have been Christian before he was a Muslim, though Bilal was taken from his parents at an early age. It is possible that Umayyah was persecuting him for this reason before 610. In that case, the story that Waraqah tried to help his co-coreligionist might be true.[8] On the other hand, there are no sources that identify Bilal as a Christian, on the contrary, he, before becoming a Muslim renounced his idol worship, hinting that Bilal was a polytheist before he converted early on to Islam.[9] [10] [11] Furthermore, Bilal was one of the first converts to Islam.
Muhammad said of Waraqah: "Do not slander Waraqah ibn Nawfal, for I have seen that he will have one or two gardens in Paradise."[12]
Khadija told Muhammad that Waraqah "believed in you, but he died before your advent."
Muhammad added: "I saw him in a dream, and upon him were white garments. If he were among the inhabitants of the Fire then he would have been wearing other than that."[13]